A diferencia del enfoque tradicional de la antropología, que se regía por el estilo de trabajo de las ciencias naturales, Geertz propone una antropología más cercana a las ciencias humanas, cuya tarea principal no es medir y clasificar, sino interpretar.
Desde finales de la década de los sesenta, la disciplina que cultiva Clifford Geertz se ha calificado como «antropología simbólica». No se trata de una escuela, sino de un modo de concebir el trabajo antropológico. La concepción de lo simbólico de Geertz se opone a otras formas de entender el simbolismo, como la de Marshall Sahlins, Victor Turner o Mary Douglas. Su enfoque incluye diversas variantes, que requieren maneras de interpretar en varios niveles.
La antropología de Geertz contribuyó a un giro fundamental en esta disciplina, que consiste en relativizar el punto de mira del antropólogo mismo y que cuestiona sus condicionamientos y prejuicios como factores que influyen en su trabajo.
Al igual que Lévi-Strauss, Geertz es un creador único e irrepetible y La interpretación de las culturas es uno de los hitos principales de la antropología contemporánea.
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