English According to the "two cultures" thesis, natural sciences and intellectual or cultural studies grew apart in the 20th century and no longer stand next to each other in a comprehensible field of knowledge. In this book, the black-and-white description is repeatedly breached from different perspectives. First, the dynamics of disciplines are presented using the examples from the history of biology, which supports the claim that "disciplines" are historically and dramatically shifting constructs. Then, on the basis of texts by Cassirer, Mannheim, Bachelard and Bourdieu, among others, concepts about nature and culture on the one side, as well as forms of knowledge across the disciplines on the other side, are discussed. Finally one is able to understand that the disciplinary dichotomy of nature and intellect, which developed in the course of the 20th century, has fundamentally begun to change. The plea of the historian of science is understood not only from the perspective of historical hindsight, but also from the perspective of a new culture of mutual challenges from within and without in a universe of knowledge no longer bifurcated, but made irreducibly plural. German Der Zwei-Kulturen-These zufolge haben sich die Naturwissenschaften und die Geisteswissenschaften im 20. Jahrhundert in einander nicht mehr verstehende Bereiche des Wissens auseinander gelebt. Im vorliegenden Text wird diese Schwarz-Weiss-Zeichnung mehrfach aufgebrochen. Zunachst wird die Dynamik der Disziplinen am Beispiel der Geschichte der Biologie vorgestellt. Disziplinen sind historisch sich dramatisch verandernde Gebilde. Sodann werden - unter anderem anhand von Texten Cassirers, Mannheims, Bachelards und Bourdieus - Konzepte von Natur und Kultur einerseits sowie von Wissensformationen jenseits der Disziplinen andererseits diskutiert. Letztere kann man als eine Reaktion darauf verstehen, dass sich die disziplinare Dichotomie von Natur und Geist im Laufe des 20. Jahrhunderts grundlegend zu wandeln begonnen hat. Das Pladoyer des Wissenschaftshistorikers gilt nicht nur dem historischen Ruckblick, sondern auch einer neuen Kultur der gegenseitigen Herein- und Herausforderung in einem nicht mehr dual verstehbaren, sondern irreduzibel plural gewordenen Universum des Wissens.
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