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Thermodynamics of Spontaneous and Non-spontaneous Processes

S. I. Kolesnikov and Gennady E. Zaikov

Main terms in the thermodynamics; Spontaneous and non-spontaneous processes; The first law of thermodynamics for open systems; The second law of thermodynamics and main mathematical equations; Thermodynamics of spontaneous and non- spontaneous processes; Correlation of processes for interacting phase-open systems and the surrounding; Kinetics of entropy variation; The Helmholtz energy for spontaneous and non-spontaneous processes; The Gibbs energy in thermodynamically irreversible processes; Practical examples of influence of relation of spontaneous and non-spontaneous processes on technological and natural phenomena; Equations of equilibrium thermodynamics and the method of determination of the process type basing on thermodynamics of spontaneous and non-spontaneous processes; References; Subject Index.

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