Through the publication of this book, Memorial Foundation of 228 sets a new milestone in the study of the 228 Incident by pursuing the principles of transitional justice through academic inquiry. In addition, the book makes a significant contribution to the international academic community in the field of Modern Taiwanese History. The book identifies challenges in transitional justice for the 228 Incident. It presents continuing difficulties in achieving this in the absence of an accurate count of the victims. The author supports using a variety of domestic and international resources to identify each victim so as to arrive at an accurate count. A second challenge is observed in compensating victims. The book points out the current legislation from the 1990s for compensating victims mainly benefited “mainlanders” (waishengren), who at the time of the incident made up most of the government employees and teachers. The author discusses many “islanders” (benshengren) have received neither redress for the injustices nor compensation for it. In addition, the book traces the interplay between public reaction to the government’s strong actions under martial law (1949 - 1987) to pursue participants in the 228 Incident and the rise of the development of the Chinese Communist Party in Taiwan. This includes the role of the secret police during the White Terror period when there were “frequent cases of injustices, falsehood, misinformation, and numerous human rights violations.” These topics will be the focus for a later book in this series.