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Crisis in the Red Zone

Richard Preston, 理查德 ·普雷斯顿, and 姚向辉

世卫组织认为,2014年的埃博拉疫情显示,“对于应对严重的流感大流行和全球公共卫生突发事件,世界并没有做好准备”。

埃博拉流行病更像是某种模式的一部分,这是一种新发病毒跳出生态系统后造成的震荡波。病毒在人群中自我增殖,吞噬生命,遭遇人类这个物种的反抗,最终偃旗息鼓。然而,下一个震荡波会是什么?

随着过去渐渐变成未来,现在,我打算预测一场全球性爆发,由某种生物安全四级的新发病毒引起,它能通过空气在人与人之间传播,没有疫苗,用现代医药无法医治,用术语说,这是一起四级事件。

约翰·霍普金斯大学公共卫生学院最近完成的一项研究表明,美国所有医院加起来一共只有142张红区床位可以收治感染出血热病毒(例如埃博拉)的患者,另有不到400张红区床位可以收治感染空气传播的高危病毒的患者。

因此,假如爆发四级事件,整个美国加起来也只有542张红区床位。

我们必须问一个问题:假如一种四级新发病毒扩散到北美或任何一个大陆的百万级人群之中,医院是否有能力处理这么多的患者并照护他们?假如感染人数超过百万,流行病学家是否有能力追踪并打破传染链?

现在,守护在病毒圈大门口的战士明白他们面对的敌人强大得可怕,这场战争势必旷日持久。他们的许多武器终将失效,但另一些会开始发挥作用。人类在这场战斗中占据一定的优势,拥有病毒所缺少的某些要素,其中包括自我意识、团队作战的能力和愿意牺牲的精神。

既然病毒可以突变,那么我们也能改变。

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