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Stephanie Dodd, MSc. , Sabine Guth, PhD, Thomas M. Smith, PhD, Alan P. Brown, PhD, DABT , Erland Stevens, PhD, W. Ross Tracey, PhD, Sujal Deshmukh, PhD, and Douglas S. Auld, PhD

Patient safety is of paramount importance for any drug discovery program.  This course looks at some of the lessons learned which have influenced how promising molecules are currently evaluated for safety risks.  In vitro and in vivo toxicology and safety studies are discussed, why they are performed, and how the data they provide guide a safety risk assessment, including determining a therapeutic index or safety window for a drug.  Finally, the course will look at how safety data guide human dose selection, and some of the studies performed during clinical development.

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Patient safety is of paramount importance for any drug discovery program.  This course looks at some of the lessons learned which have influenced how promising molecules are currently evaluated for safety risks.  In vitro and in vivo toxicology and safety studies are discussed, why they are performed, and how the data they provide guide a safety risk assessment, including determining a therapeutic index or safety window for a drug.  Finally, the course will look at how safety data guide human dose selection, and some of the studies performed during clinical development.

Target audience: This course is suitable for life scientists, clinicians, and individuals from fields that support drug discovery (e.g., patents, finance, licensing, etc.) interested in learning more about the pharmaceutical/biotechnology sector. Advanced undergraduate coursework or practical familiarity/working knowledge in biological sciences and organic chemistry is recommended.

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What's inside

Syllabus

Preclinical Safety, part 1
Welcome, by the end of the course students will be able to: Recognize the role of toxicology in drug development and its differentiation from pharmacology. List and describe representative preclinical toxicology studies conducted to identify and quantify risks a small molecule may pose to a patient. Explain how preclinical safety assessments contribute to early human dose selection.
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Traffic lights

Read about what's good
what should give you pause
and possible dealbreakers
Meets the needs of individuals from fields that support drug discovery, such as patents, finance, and licensing
Offers practical insights for life scientists and clinicians
Provides a comprehensive overview of preclinical safety assessments, contributing to early human dose selection
Examines representative preclinical toxicology studies, enhancing understanding of risk identification and quantification
Taught by recognized experts in the field
Prerequisites include advanced undergraduate coursework or practical familiarity in biological sciences and organic chemistry

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Reviews summary

Comprehensive preclinical drug safety overview

According to learners, this course offers a comprehensive and insightful overview of preclinical safety, making complex topics such as toxicology and human dose selection accessible. Many students laud the clear and concise lectures, the instructor's evident expertise, and the use of real-world examples, which collectively foster a strong foundational understanding. While the course is broadly seen as highly beneficial for newcomers to the pharmaceutical industry, some more experienced learners might find certain sections too basic. Although a few older reviews mentioned dated content or video quality, the consistent positive feedback highlights its continued relevance for professionals seeking to grasp drug safety assessment.
Ideal for newcomers, potentially basic for experienced professionals.
"Good course for beginners, but as someone with prior experience, I found it a bit too basic in parts."
"A good introductory course. It covers the basics effectively. For someone transitioning into this field, it's a great starting point."
"I struggled with the pace and clarity. Some explanations were often too brief, assuming a lot of prior knowledge."
Offers practical insights relevant to professional work.
"Very relevant content for my job. The course provided practical insights into drug safety assessment."
"It demystifies the whole preclinical safety process. The way the therapeutic index was explained made so much sense."
"The focus on human dose selection was particularly useful and helped me connect lab research with regulatory needs."
Highly knowledgeable instructor, making complex topics accessible.
"The lectures were clear, and the instructor's expertise was evident. I particularly appreciated the real-world examples..."
"The instructor was engaging and approachable. This course is essential for anyone entering the pharma industry."
"Instructor was knowledgeable and approachable and helped me connect the dots between lab research and regulatory requirements."
Provides a strong, insightful foundation in preclinical safety.
"This course was incredibly insightful and provided a comprehensive overview of preclinical safety."
"A very solid foundation. The content is dense but well-structured. It definitely covers what it promises."
"I gained a fantastic perspective on the preclinical side of drug development."
Older reviews mention dated production and inactive forums.
"The course content is good, but the production quality of some videos seemed dated."
"Also, the forum was not very active, which made getting questions answered difficult."
"I noticed some materials felt a bit older compared to other recent online courses."
Some topics could benefit from more depth; pacing varies.
"Some parts felt a bit rushed, but still valuable."
"I was hoping for more in-depth discussion on advanced topics or newer methodologies. Don't expect cutting-edge research."
"I had to do a lot of external reading to keep up. Not ideal for a true beginner without some background."

Activities

Be better prepared before your course. Deepen your understanding during and after it. Supplement your coursework and achieve mastery of the topics covered in Preclinical Safety with these activities:
Review Basic Pharmacology
Review the basics of pharmacology to strengthen your understanding of drug development.
Browse courses on Pharmacology
Show steps
  • Read a textbook chapter on basic pharmacology
  • Review lecture notes from an introductory pharmacology course
Explore In Vitro Toxicology Techniques
Follow online tutorials to gain practical insights into in vitro toxicology methods used in drug development.
Show steps
  • Find online tutorials on in vitro toxicology techniques
  • Watch the tutorials and take notes on key concepts
  • Practice applying the techniques through simulations or exercises
Organize and Review Course Content
Compile and review lecture notes, assignments, and other course materials to reinforce your understanding of key concepts.
Show steps
  • Gather all relevant course materials
  • Organize the materials in a logical order
  • Review the materials regularly to reinforce your learning
Show all three activities

Career center

Learners who complete Preclinical Safety will develop knowledge and skills that may be useful to these careers:

Reading list

We've selected 50 books that we think will supplement your learning. Use these to develop background knowledge, enrich your coursework, and gain a deeper understanding of the topics covered in Preclinical Safety.
Considered the 'bible of pharmacology,' this comprehensive text provides an in-depth understanding of the principles of drug action and their clinical applications. It is an essential reference for graduate students and working professionals, offering detailed information on a wide range of therapeutic agents and their mechanisms. is invaluable for solidifying a deep understanding and is commonly used in academic and professional settings.
This foundational report cornerstone in the patient safety movement, highlighting the magnitude of medical errors in the US healthcare system. It provides essential historical context and a compelling call to action for systemic change. is crucial for gaining a broad understanding of why patient safety critical issue and is often cited as a seminal work in the field.
This widely respected textbook offers a clear and accessible introduction to pharmacology, covering fundamental principles and the actions of major drug classes. It is highly recommended for undergraduate students and can serve as a strong foundation for those new to the field. The book's clear illustrations and focus on mechanisms make complex topics easier to grasp. It is commonly used as a core textbook in universities.
Is widely considered a foundational text in clinical trials. It provides a comprehensive overview of the principles and practices, covering design, conduct, analysis, and reporting. It is commonly used as a textbook in academic institutions and is an excellent resource for gaining a broad understanding of the field.
This foundational and comprehensive textbook in pharmacology, essential for understanding how drugs interact with biological systems. It provides in-depth knowledge of drug mechanisms, which is crucial prerequisite knowledge for drug development. Widely used in medical and pharmacy schools, it serves as an excellent reference tool for both students and professionals.
Provides a thorough understanding of pharmacokinetics (what the body does to a drug) and pharmacodynamics (what a drug does to the body). These are fundamental concepts in pharmacology, making this book crucial for students and professionals to understand drug behavior and optimize dosing. It foundational text for deepening pharmacological understanding.
Provides a comprehensive overview of the statistical principles and methods used in the design and analysis of clinical trials. It is an excellent resource for those looking to deepen their understanding of the quantitative aspects and is highly relevant for students and professionals in biostatistics and clinical research.
This classic text focuses on the chemical basis of drug action, emphasizing structure-activity relationships, pharmacokinetics, and drug metabolism. It provides a deep understanding of how drug molecules are designed and modified. It widely used textbook in medicinal chemistry programs and a key reference for chemists in drug discovery.
A widely used textbook for pharmacology courses, this book provides a strong foundation in the basic principles of pharmacology and their clinical applications. It's valuable for understanding drug classes, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic uses, serving as essential background knowledge for drug development.
This highly popular book explores the power of checklists in improving performance and reducing errors in complex fields, including healthcare. It provides compelling examples and a clear argument for the implementation of simple tools to enhance safety and efficiency. is valuable for understanding practical strategies to improve patient safety and is widely read by healthcare professionals.
Hubbard critically examines common shortcomings in traditional risk management approaches, particularly the lack of quantitative methods. is crucial for anyone looking to move beyond qualitative assessments and develop more accurate and effective risk analysis strategies. It provides practical insights and emphasizes the importance of measurement and empirical data.
Integrates pharmacology with physiology and pathophysiology, helping readers understand how drugs interact with the body in the context of disease. It's suitable for undergraduate and graduate students, providing a strong foundation for understanding the rationale behind drug therapy. The focus on pathophysiological basis adds depth to the understanding of drug actions.
Examines the pharmacology of anticancer drugs, covering their discovery, development, and how they interact with cancer cells. It is essential for researchers and clinicians in oncology and pharmacology, reflecting contemporary topics in targeted therapies and personalized cancer treatment. This book is highly relevant for understanding modern approaches in a critical disease area.
Delves into the crucial ethical and regulatory considerations in clinical research. It is essential reading for anyone involved in clinical trials to understand the principles of protecting human subjects and complying with ethical guidelines and regulations.
Another valuable book by Hubbard, this focuses on the crucial aspect of measurement, particularly for seemingly intangible concepts often encountered in risk assessment. It provides methods and a framework for quantifying uncertainty and risk, which is essential for effective risk management. is highly recommended for anyone looking to improve their quantitative risk analysis skills.
This comprehensive handbook covers a wide range of topics in financial risk management, including market, credit, operational, and liquidity risk. It is suitable for advanced students and practitioners in finance, offering a detailed exploration of both theoretical concepts and mathematical tools.
Given the increasing importance of cybersecurity, this book provides a focused look at risk management within this domain, specifically utilizing the NIST Cybersecurity Framework. It's an essential read for anyone involved in IT or cybersecurity risk assessment and management, offering practical guidance and a clear framework.
Provides a comprehensive introduction to the theory and practice of risk science, covering fundamental concepts, principles, approaches, methods, and models for understanding, assessing, communicating, managing, and governing risk. It is well-suited for students at the university level and offers a solid foundation for anyone entering the field of risk assessment and management.
Delves into the critical concept of a just culture in healthcare, examining how organizations can balance accountability with the need to learn from errors. It challenges traditional blame-oriented approaches and provides insights into creating an environment that promotes reporting and improvement. This is essential reading for those interested in the human and organizational factors of patient safety.
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Known for its clear, visual format, this book is excellent for reviewing and understanding key pharmacological concepts. The illustrations and concise text make it particularly useful for students who benefit from visual learning and for quick review. It is often used as a supplementary text or for board exam preparation, providing a solid overview of essential pharmacology.
Introduces the rapidly evolving field of pharmacogenomics, explaining how genetic variations can influence drug response. It is relevant for advanced students and professionals interested in personalized medicine and the future of drug therapy. This book dives into a contemporary topic, adding breadth to a traditional pharmacology background.
Offers extensive coverage of the core concepts and frameworks of risk management, making it an ideal companion for those new to the field or seeking to solidify their understanding. It provides a practical guide to implementing effective risk management processes within an organization. This book is often used as a textbook in academic and professional settings.
Explores the application of High Reliability Organization (HRO) principles and Six Sigma methodologies to healthcare to improve patient safety and outcomes. It provides practical tools and strategies for reducing variability and standardizing processes. This is particularly relevant for those interested in process improvement and systems thinking in healthcare.
Explores the role of pharmacology in the drug discovery and development process. It is valuable for students and professionals interested in the pharmaceutical industry, covering topics from target identification to clinical trials. This book provides context for how pharmacological principles are applied in bringing new drugs to market.
Applying the quantitative measurement principles from Hubbard's other work to the specific domain of cybersecurity risk, this book provides practical guidance on quantifying cybersecurity threats and vulnerabilities. It's essential for cybersecurity professionals looking to implement more rigorous risk assessment methods.
This handbook offers a comprehensive reference on the basics and practices of clinical trials, covering each phase, technique, and issue. It valuable resource for gaining a thorough understanding of the operational aspects of conducting trials and is suitable for graduate-level students and practicing clinicians.
Focuses on pharmacovigilance, the science and activities relating to the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problem. It critical contemporary topic in drug development and post-market surveillance.
An expansion of the R-only version, this book includes implementations of statistical analyses using both R and SAS, two widely used software packages in clinical trial data analysis. It practical guide for those who need to work with either or both of these platforms.
Offers a unique perspective on medicinal chemistry, focusing on the organic chemistry principles and reaction mechanisms underlying drug action. It helps solidify understanding of drug design by emphasizing the chemical logic. While the edition is older, its fundamental approach remains highly valuable as a reference for those with a strong organic chemistry background.
Tailored specifically for nursing students, this book focuses on the pharmacological knowledge and skills necessary for safe and effective patient care. It integrates pharmacology with pathophysiology and the nursing process, making it highly relevant for this audience.
Delves into the molecular and cellular basis of drug action, exploring how drugs interact with biological targets at a fundamental level. It is ideal for advanced undergraduate students, graduate students, and researchers interested in the molecular aspects of pharmacology and drug discovery. This book provides depth in understanding the 'how' behind drug effects.
Focused specifically on operational risk within the financial services industry, this book provides a comprehensive guide to best practices. It is valuable for those specializing in financial risk, offering detailed insights into identifying, assessing, and managing operational risks. While industry-specific, the principles and frameworks discussed have broader applicability.
Focusing specifically on medication safety, this guide provides a comprehensive overview of principles and practices for preventing and identifying medication errors. It offers recommendations for implementing a medication safety program across healthcare settings. This valuable resource for understanding a critical area of patient safety.
Provides a sweeping historical narrative of humanity's understanding and management of risk, from ancient times to the modern financial world. It's an excellent starting point for gaining a broad, foundational understanding of the evolution of risk assessment and its significance across various fields. While not a technical manual, it offers invaluable context and highlights the long-standing human endeavor to quantify and control uncertainty.
This recent publication explores emerging theories of safety science and their practical application in patient safety incident investigation and management. It includes contributions on topics such as SEIPS, AcciMaps, and Human Factors, reflecting contemporary approaches in the field. is valuable for those looking to deepen their understanding of current safety science applications.
Provides a comprehensive overview of the drug discovery and development process. It covers all aspects of drug discovery and development, from target identification to clinical development. It is written by a team of experts from the pharmaceutical industry, and it is suitable for both students and professionals.
Provides a solid foundation in the essentials of risk management, covering various types of financial risks and the frameworks used to manage them. It's a widely recognized text in the financial industry and suitable for both students and professionals.
Serves as a concise and accessible step-by-step guide to the principles and practices of clinical trials. It is ideal for those new to the field or seeking a broad understanding of the entire process, from study design to reporting findings. It demystifies terminology and uses real-life examples.
Provides a solid understanding of the key components of operational risk management and how to implement an effective framework. It covers essential tools and techniques and includes case studies of major operational risk events, making it valuable for both students and professionals focusing on this area.
Provides a detailed understanding of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), which are critical regulations governing pharmaceutical production. It's essential for anyone involved in the manufacturing and quality control aspects of drug development.
This sourcebook serves as a practical, step-by-step guide through various topics in clinical research, including trial conduct. It useful reference manual with practical tools and guidance on regulations and Good Clinical Practice.
This manual offers practical insights and lessons learned from the Duke Clinical Research Institute's experience in conducting clinical trials. It provides a real-world perspective on the operational aspects and challenges of clinical research.
This handbook discusses the core elements of high reliability organizations and their application in healthcare to address patient safety and quality concerns. It provides tools for healthcare professionals to enhance patient safety. This practical guide for implementing HRO principles.
Addresses the design and analysis of quality of life studies within clinical trials, a increasingly important aspect of evaluating treatment outcomes. It provides practical guidance and statistical methods for incorporating quality of life endpoints into trials.
Provides a practical guide to applying human factors principles to improve patient safety and quality of care. It examines how the design of the healthcare environment, processes, and tools can impact safety. This useful resource for understanding the cognitive and environmental aspects of medical errors.
Focusing on ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion) and biopharmaceutical properties, this handbook is crucial for understanding how the body handles a drug and how drug properties influence its behavior. It's a foundational text for preclinical development scientists, despite its publication date.
Presents a collection of case studies illustrating preventable healthcare errors from the patient's perspective. Each case includes a structured analysis to identify lessons learned and strategies for prevention, helping readers develop core patient safety competencies. This valuable resource for applied learning in patient safety.
Comprehensive textbook on pharmacology. It covers all aspects of pharmacology, from the basics to the latest advances. It is written by a leading expert in the field, and it is suitable for both students and professionals.

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