Primeros Auxilios Psicológicos from Coursera

Este curso de primeros auxilios psicológicos, o primera ayuda psicológica (PAP), busca mostrarte uno de los modos de rescate y asistencia de primera línea para las personas afectadas por incidentes críticos y potencialmente traumáticos, como son los incendios, inundaciones, actos de terrorismo y otras situaciones similares. La prestación del apoyo básico, seguridad física y atención, inmediatamente después de un evento crítico, se consideran importantes para la reducción de los efectos negativos a corto, mediano y largo plazo de los desastres y otras situaciones de emergencia. La PAP es un modo de rescate y asistencia que pueden aplicar tanto rescatistas profesionales como personas sin formación profesional.

A su vez, se persiguen los siguientes objetivos generales:

• Reconocer las características de los desastres.

• Conocer la respuesta de estrés de las personas ante situaciones de peligro.

• Aprender sobre los trastornos mentales.

• Conocer cuáles son y qué características tienen los trastornos mentales asociados a los desastres.

• Conocer las características de la intervención de primeros auxilios psicológicos: fundamentos, principios, y objetivos.

• Conocer qué características de las personas pueden ayudar a actuar más efectivamente en el rescate de personas afectadas por desastres.

What's inside

Syllabus

Los desastres

¿Qué son los desastres? Este es el tema central al que te abocarás esta semana. Los desastres pueden tomar muchas formas. Algunos de ellos son naturales, como un tornado, una inundación o un incendio. Otros son consecuencia de las acciones de los seres humanos, como los atentados terroristas. Nos interesan los desastres porque como eventos de alto impacto pueden causar consecuencias negativas en la salud física y mental de las personas afectadas. Conocer sobre los posibles desastres también puede ayudar para que las comunidades intenten tener una preparación.

Los trastornos mentales y los desastres

En esta semana explorarás cómo, naturalmente, los desastres pueden tener un impacto negativo en el ser humano a corto, mediano o largo plazo. Uno de los desenlaces de los desastres es que pueden desencadenar en el ser humano un tipo de malestar, llamado trastorno mental. Los trastornos mentales han sido estudiados por largo tiempo y pueden pensarse como la contraparte de los trastornos físicos o médicos comunes, ya que pueden provocar un grado de sufrimiento o deterioro de la vida diaria de las personas. Actualmente, existen dos clasificaciones de los trastornos mentales que son muy relevantes para la clínica y la investigación psicológicas. Por una parte, el Manual diagnóstico y estadístico de los trastornos mentales (DSM-5) , por otra, la Clasificación internacional de enfermedades, que es una publicación de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Dentro de esos manuales encontramos algunos de los trastornos más frecuentes provocados por los desastres, por ejemplo, el trastorno de estrés postraumático, la depresión y la ansiedad generalizada.

Tratamientos para trastornos mentales vinculados a desastres

La semana anterior aprendiste qué son los trastornos mentales y dos sistemas de clasificación de estos. En esta semana verás que hay tratamientos para ayudar a las personas que han sufrido impactos psicológicos negativos y que mucho tiempo después permanecen con malestar psicológico persistente.

Primeros auxilios psicológicos

En esta semana explorarás el concepto de “primeros auxilios psicológicos” o primera ayuda psicológica (PAP), considerándolos como un modo de asistir y rescatar a las personas afectadas por desastres en los momentos iniciales de esa situación. Es algo que se hace en el terreno con la persona afectada. Como modo de asistencia a las personas afectadas por desastres, la PAP tiene el respaldo de importantes y reconocidas instituciones a nivel mundial, como la Organización Mundial de la Salud, la Organización del Tratado del Atlántico Norte o el Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental de EE. UU. La PAP puede ser ofrecida inclusive por personas sin formación académica universitaria profesional en Psicología, Medicina o carreras afines, pero formadas en la PAP. La PAP puede considerarse como un tipo de rescate humano y racional destinado a las personas afectadas por desastres de modo que permita prevenir o reducir los efectos psicológicos negativos desencadenados por los desastres y prevenir los trastornos mentales a corto, mediano y a largo plazo.

Good to know

Know what's good

, what to watch for

, and possible dealbreakers

Puede ayudar a quienes interactúan con personas afectadas por desastres, como psicólogos rescatistas

Está respaldada por organizaciones como la OMS y el Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental de EE. UU

Es aplicable tanto por profesionales como por personas sin formación profesional universitaria en Psicología o carreras afines

Busca prevenir o reducir los efectos psicológicos negativos desencadenados por los desastres y prevenir trastornos mentales

Career center

Learners who complete Primeros Auxilios Psicológicos will develop knowledge and skills that may be useful to these careers:

Firefighter

Firefighters help to protect people and property from fires. They may also be called upon to assist with other emergencies, such as floods, earthquakes, and hurricanes. The course on Primeros Auxilios Psicológicos can be useful in this role, as it provides an understanding of the psychological effects of disasters and other traumatic events, and how to provide support to people who have been impacted by these events.

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Military Officer

Military officers lead and supervise soldiers in the military. They may also be called upon to assist with other emergencies, such as natural disasters and terrorist attacks. The course on Primeros Auxilios Psicológicos may be useful in this role, as it provides an understanding of the psychological effects of disasters and other traumatic events, and how to provide support to people who have been impacted by these events.

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Public Health Nurse

Public health nurses provide health education and care to individuals, families, and communities. They may also be called upon to assist with other emergencies, such as floods, earthquakes, and hurricanes. The course on Primeros Auxilios Psicológicos can be useful in this role, as it provides an understanding of the psychological effects of disasters and other traumatic events, and how to provide support to people who have been impacted by these events.

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Disaster Relief Specialist

Disaster relief specialists provide assistance to people who have been impacted by disasters. They may work with individuals, families, and communities to provide food, shelter, and other essential services. The course on Primeros Auxilios Psicológicos can be useful in this role, as it provides an understanding of the psychological effects of disasters and other traumatic events, and how to provide support to people who have been impacted by these events.

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Police Officer

Police officers help to protect people and property. They may also be called upon to assist with other emergencies, such as floods, earthquakes, and hurricanes. The course on Primeros Auxilios Psicológicos can be useful in this role, as it provides an understanding of the psychological effects of disasters and other traumatic events, and how to provide support to people who have been impacted by these events.

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Crisis Intervention Specialist

Crisis intervention specialists provide support and assistance to people who are experiencing a crisis. They may work in a variety of settings, including hospitals, emergency rooms, and community mental health centers. The course on Primeros Auxilios Psicológicos can be useful in this role, as it provides an understanding of the psychological effects of disasters and other traumatic events, and how to provide support to people who have been impacted by these events.

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Teacher

Teachers help students learn and grow. They may also be called upon to assist with other emergencies, such as active shooter situations and natural disasters. The course on Primeros Auxilios Psicológicos can be useful in this role, as it provides an understanding of the psychological effects of disasters and other traumatic events, and how to provide support to people who have been impacted by these events.

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Healthcare Administrator

Healthcare administrators plan, organize, and direct the delivery of healthcare services. They may also be called upon to assist with other emergencies, such as pandemics and natural disasters. The course on Primeros Auxilios Psicológicos can be useful in this role, as it provides an understanding of the psychological effects of disasters and other traumatic events, and how to provide support to people who have been impacted by these events.

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Correctional Officer

Correctional officers supervise and care for inmates in prisons and jails. They may also be called upon to assist with other emergencies, such as riots and hostage situations. The course on Primeros Auxilios Psicológicos may be useful in this role, as it provides an understanding of the psychological effects of disasters and other traumatic events, and how to provide support to people who have been impacted by these events.

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Counselor

Counselors work with all ages to help them with mental and emotional issues. They help people overcome problems and make better life decisions. The course on Primeros Auxilios Psicológicos can be useful in this role, as it provides an understanding of the psychological effects of disasters and other traumatic events, and how to provide support to people who have been impacted by these events.

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Paramedic

Paramedics are advanced emergency medical technicians who are trained to provide more advanced medical care. They may work in a variety of settings, including ambulances, fire trucks, and helicopters. The course on Primeros Auxilios Psicológicos may be useful in this role, as it provides an understanding of the psychological effects of disasters and other traumatic events, and how to provide support to people who have been impacted by these events.

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Human Resources Manager

Human resources managers oversee the hiring, training, and development of employees. They may also be called upon to assist with other emergencies, such as layoffs and workplace violence. The course on Primeros Auxilios Psicológicos can be useful in this role, as it provides an understanding of the psychological effects of disasters and other traumatic events, and how to provide support to people who have been impacted by these events.

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Emergency Medical Technician (EMT)

Emergency medical technicians (EMTs) provide medical care to people who are experiencing a medical emergency. They may work in a variety of settings, including ambulances, fire trucks, and police cars. The course on Primeros Auxilios Psicológicos can be useful in this role, as it provides an understanding of the psychological effects of disasters and other traumatic events, and how to provide support to people who have been impacted by these events.

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Social Worker

Social workers help people overcome social and economic challenges. They work with individuals, families, groups, and communities to provide support and resources. The course on Primeros Auxilios Psicológicos may be useful in this role, as it provides an understanding of the psychological effects of disasters and other traumatic events, and how to provide support to people who have been impacted by these events.

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Psychologist

Psychologists help people understand and manage their mental health. They use a variety of techniques, including therapy, counseling, and medication, to help people overcome mental health challenges. The course on Primeros Auxilios Psicológicos may be useful in this role, as it provides an understanding of the psychological effects of disasters and other traumatic events, and how to provide support to people who have been impacted by these events.

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Primeros Auxilios Psicológicos

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