AWS EC2 Crash Course + Load Balancing with Demos and PDFs

This video introduces Amazon EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud), where users can create and manage their virtual servers within AWS's infrastructure, providing infrastructure as a service. It covers selecting an Amazon Machine Image (AMI) for the operating system, choosing instance types and sizes based on performance needs, and emphasizes that EC2 is an unmanaged service, meaning users are responsible for their instances' management, including OS updates and application installations.

This video explains the concept of managed and unmanaged services in AWS, using the analogy of cooking a meal at home (unmanaged) versus dining at a restaurant (managed). It likens EC2 to cooking at home, where you have full control but must handle all aspects, including scaling and high availability. In contrast, S3 is compared to a restaurant, offering a managed service where AWS handles maintenance and security, freeing users from these responsibilities.

This video introduces AWS regions and availability zones, explaining that regions are geographical areas with AWS data centers that may offer different services and pricing. Availability zones within regions provide redundancy, with each region containing at least two to ensure high application availability by allowing load balancing across instances in different zones.

This video introduces the naming convention of AWS EC2 instance types, focusing on the "T3 micro" example. The "T" represents the instance family, indicating it is a general-purpose instance, "3" denotes the generation, and "micro" specifies the size, which affects the CPU and memory available. This systematic naming helps identify the right instance type for various workloads, with further details on specifications and pricing available on the AWS website.

This lesson demonstrates how to launch an EC2 instance, which is the same as creating an EC2 instance. It also covers how to choose the right instance type for your needs.

This lesson guides you through the process of creating a key pair while launching an EC2 instance, emphasizing the key pair’s role as a necessary tool for remote access and management of the instance. It further explains how to use and convert the key pair for software applications like Putty, underscoring the importance of key pairs in securely accessing EC2 instances.

This lesson explains how security groups serve as virtual firewalls for EC2 instances in AWS, allowing users to create and apply specific firewall rules to control inbound and outbound traffic. It highlights the versatility and importance of security groups in defining access permissions for EC2 instances, including the ability to apply multiple security groups to a single interface for enhanced security management.

This lesson guides us through finalizing the network setup for launching an Amazon EC2 instance, emphasizing the selection of a Virtual Private Cloud (VPC), subnet, and the implications of choosing between public and private subnets based on the desired availability zone. It also discusses configuring security groups with specific rules for the EC2 instance to manage inbound and outbound traffic effectively, illustrating the process with the setup of a web server.

This lesson covers the storage configuration step in launching an EC2 instance, focusing on the default general purpose SSD EBS (Elastic Block Store) volumes suitable for a wide range of applications. It elaborates on the choice between general purpose and provisioned IOPS volumes based on performance needs, the significance of IOPS (Input/Output Operations Per Second), and additional options like volume encryption and the "delete on termination" setting.

This lesson dives into the advanced configuration options available during the EC2 instance launch process, including the choice to purchase spot instances for cost savings, joining a domain, assigning IAM roles for permissions, and enabling features like instance auto recovery, termination protection, and detailed CloudWatch monitoring for enhanced management and security.

This lesson demonstrates the use of EC2 user data scripts to automate the execution of commands on an EC2 instance upon its launch, such as updating the operating system, installing and starting an Apache web server, and setting up a basic website. It highlights the importance of user data scripts in preparing EC2 instances for their intended tasks, especially in scenarios involving auto-scaling where multiple instances are launched automatically.

This lesson guides you through examining the various details of an EC2 instance, including public and private IP addresses, instance type, VPC, subnet, and associated security groups, which are crucial for tasks such as attaching additional EBS volumes. It also covers how to access and manage storage volumes, monitor instance performance, and utilize tags for organizing AWS resources effectively.

This lesson demonstrates various methods for connecting to an EC2 instance on AWS, highlighting the simplicity of using the EC2 Instance Connect for a quick browser-based terminal session. It also explores alternative options such as Session Manager for browser-based access without open ports, and traditional SSH or Remote Desktop connections requiring key pairs and specific security group configurations.

This lesson demonstrates how to resize an EC2 instance in AWS, starting with stopping the current instance to change its type, and highlights the benefits of upgrading to a newer instance type for improved performance and cost-efficiency. It concludes by verifying the functionality post-resize and emphasizes the importance of terminating unused instances to minimize billing.

This lesson demonstrates how to create a custom Amazon Machine Image (AMI) by customizing an EC2 instance with specific configurations, such as a web server setup, and then capturing it as an AMI for future use. The process involves selecting an existing EC2 instance, making desired modifications, and using the "Create Image" option to generate a new AMI, which can then be used to launch new instances with the same configurations, streamlining the deployment of standardized environments in AWS.

In this tutorial, the instructor demonstrates the processes of stopping, starting, and terminating Amazon EC2 instances, highlighting the permanent data loss associated with termination. The tutorial also emphasizes the importance of cleaning up AWS resources post-experimentation to avoid unexpected charges.

This lesson demonstrates setting up EC2 Auto Recovery to automatically restart an Amazon EC2 instance on a different physical host in case of system status check failure. It highlights a simplified process now available through the AWS console, bypassing the previous need for configuring a CloudWatch alarm, and also notes the ability to modify auto recovery settings post-instance creation.

This video introduces various Amazon EC2 purchasing options, emphasizing the importance of understanding these options to avoid overspending. It covers on-demand instances, reserved instances, savings plans, and their benefits and limitations, providing an analogy for each to clarify their use cases and potential savings.

In this video, we explore AWS Spot Instances, an option allowing users to bid on unused EC2 capacity at potentially massive discounts, ideal for flexible, interruption-tolerant tasks such as batch processing. Spot Instances offer up to 90% savings compared to on-demand prices but come with the risk of termination if the bid price is exceeded by the current spot price.

In this lesson, the process of requesting a Spot Instance through the AWS console is demonstrated, highlighting the potential for significant cost savings compared to On-Demand Instances. The instructor walks through the steps of setting up a Spot Instance, including selecting an AMI, instance type, and specifying a maximum price per hour, ultimately showcasing how Spot Instances offer a cost-effective solution for utilizing AWS's excess capacity with the caveat of possible termination based on pricing changes.

This lesson explains how Network Load Balancers (NLBs) in AWS distribute traffic across EC2 instances in different Availability Zones for high availability. NLBs use listeners on specific ports to forward requests to target groups containing your EC2 instances. These target groups can be automatically scaled using auto scaling groups.

This lesson shows how to build a Network Load Balancer in AWS to distribute traffic across web servers in different zones for reliability. You'll create a target group to manage the web servers and configure a listener to route traffic to them.

This lesson demonstrates how to verify an internet-facing Network Load Balancer (NLB) in AWS. You'll check the security group, listener configuration, and target group health to ensure the NLB is routing traffic to healthy web servers. Finally, you'll test the NLB by opening its DNS name in a web browser.

This lesson explains the difference between internet-facing and internal load balancers in AWS. Internet-facing balancers handle public traffic, while internal balancers distribute traffic between application tiers within a VPC.

This lesson provides a walkthrough on accessing and exploring an internet-facing network load balancer within the AWS console, highlighting the process to locate and understand the load balancer's DNS name and its significance. It further demonstrates how to verify the load balancer's functionality by using nslookup and accessing the load balancer's IP addresses through a web browser, showcasing how it manages traffic across different availability zones for resilience and high availability.

This lesson explores the functionality and configuration of health checks in AWS Elastic Load Balancers, highlighting how they enhance overall availability by testing the health of instances and managing traffic flow based on health check outcomes. It delves into health check parameters, response actions for failed checks, and the load balancer's ability to distribute traffic across multiple availability zones, ensuring resilience and uninterrupted service.

This video demonstrates configuring health checks for a network load balancer and simulating failures within a target group to assess response and adaptation. By manipulating health checks and observing target health, the lesson provides insight into maintaining application availability and resilience across different scenarios.

This video explores the intricacies of target groups within AWS, emphasizing the flexibility to include various target types like EC2 instances and IP addresses, extending even to on-premises servers. It highlights the integration with auto-scaling groups for dynamic instance management and the implications of directing traffic to non-AWS targets, particularly the potential costs associated with internet data transfer.

This lesson explores the concept of target group health in Elastic Load Balancers, highlighting how the health of targets within a group affects load balancing actions. It covers scenarios such as minimum healthy target thresholds and actions taken by the load balancer when the health of targets falls below these thresholds, including marking nodes as unhealthy or executing routing failovers to maintain service availability.

In this lesson, we learn about configuring the health requirements for target groups within AWS Elastic Load Balancers to ensure a minimum percentage of healthy targets in a specific availability zone. By adjusting these settings, we can influence how traffic is distributed across instances and handle failures more effectively to maintain application availability.

This lesson explores the handling of TCP and UDP traffic by network load balancers, highlighting the significance of maintaining a balanced distribution of web server instances across availability zones for optimal performance. For TCP, connections are tied to specific targets based on multiple factors, including source and destination IPs and ports, while for UDP, traffic is directed using a flow hash algorithm without establishing persistent connections.

This lesson explains how cross zone load balancing allows a network load balancer to distribute incoming traffic evenly across EC2 instances in multiple availability zones, enhancing performance when instances are unevenly distributed. When enabled, cross zone load balancing ensures each load balancer node can route traffic to targets in all availability zones, mitigating issues caused by having a disproportionate number of targets in any single zone, though it may incur transfer charges for network load balancers.

In this tutorial, viewers are guided through enabling cross-zone load balancing for a network load balancer in AWS, highlighting how to adjust settings for individual target groups and the load balancer itself. The lesson emphasizes the default inheritance of load balancer settings by target groups and presents options for managing traffic routing policies to minimize transfer charges, particularly for internal network load balancers.

This video introduces the fundamental distinctions between network load balancers and application load balancers within AWS, emphasizing the application load balancer's ability to route different types of requests to specific target groups based on rules. The tutorial previews a practical demonstration on setting up an application load balancer to direct traffic based on request paths to different EC2 instances, showcasing the flexibility and advanced routing capabilities of application load balancers at the application layer.

This video guides through configuring an application load balancer in AWS, detailing the setup of EC2 instances and target groups. The presenter demonstrates launching two EC2 instances, each designated as "Site 1" and "Site 2", followed by the creation of corresponding target groups. The tutorial prepares the ground for implementing an application load balancer to route requests to these target groups based on defined rules, showcasing the practical application of AWS services for efficient load balancing across different web servers.

This video guides through finalizing the setup of an application load balancer, focusing on configuring target groups for two web servers named Site 1 and Site 2. The presenter demonstrates how to create a "any" target group including both web servers, then delves into configuring the load balancer with specific rules to direct traffic based on the requested path, showcasing the ability of application load balancers to distribute traffic intelligently across multiple targets.

This video showcases testing an application load balancer set up on AWS, validating that the defined rules correctly route traffic to the appropriate target groups based on the request path. The presenter confirms that all targets are healthy across different target groups, demonstrates how requests are handled according to specific path-based rules, and explores the behavior when a target within a target group becomes unavailable, resulting in a 503 service error.

This video explores how application load balancer rules and conditions, such as host, path, and source IP conditions, can direct web traffic to specific target groups on AWS. The instructor explains how host conditions use host names in headers for routing, path conditions use URL patterns, and source IP conditions use the IP addresses of requests to determine traffic flow, demonstrating the process of setting up a source IP condition on a listener within the AWS console.

This lesson explains the implementation of sticky sessions with an Application Load Balancer in AWS, which binds user sessions to a specific instance to ensure consistency in user experience. Sticky sessions are configured via the target group attributes, enabling the load balancer to direct a user's requests to the same EC2 instance, facilitated by load balancer-generated cookies.