Medical Neuroscience from Coursera

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Syllabus

Getting Started in Medical Neuroscience

Let's get started in Medical Neuroscience! Each module in Medical Neuroscience will begin with a brief description like this that provides you with an overview of the module. In this first module, you will get to know something about Prof. White and his career in neuroscience; you will understand the scope of Medical Neuroscience, its learning resources, your responsibilities for maximizing your benefit in this course, and you will learn Prof. White's tips on how best to study and learn.

At the end of this module, please take the ungraded preliminary quiz, "Are you ready for Medical Neuroscience", to self-assess your background knowledge. Your score on this quiz will not count toward your overall score in this course. However, you should be able to pass this quiz (score 70% or better) if you are ready for the academic challenge of this course. Students who are likely to achieve their goals in Medical Neuroscience should be able to successfully answer nearly all of the quiz questions on their first attempt and feel comfortable with assessment questions at this level of knowledge.

Neuroanatomy: Introducing the Human Brain

Your introduction to Medical Neuroscience continues as you experience in this module a brief introduction to the human brain, its component cells, and some basic anatomical conventions for finding your way around the human central nervous system.

Neuroanatomy: Surface Anatomy of the Human CNS

We now begin in earnest our lessons on neuroanatomy with the surface of the human brain, including a brief run through the cranial nerves and the blood supply to the CNS. In this module, you will learn the basic subdivisions of the vertebrate nervous system; however, your focus should be on the cerebral cortex. Along the way, you will be challenged to "build a digital brain" that should help you generate and improve your mental “model” of the cerebral hemispheres of the human brain. Another great way to refine your mental model is through sketching and crafting, so please do the learning objectives that are designed to help you make visible (and tangible) your understanding of the cerebral hemispheres.

Neuroanatomy: Internal Anatomy of the Human CNS

Neural Signaling: Electrical Excitability and Signal Propagation

We now turn our attention from the tangible (human neuroanatomy) to the physiological as we explore the means by which neurons generate, propagate and communicate electrical signals. After exploring those structures in the human brain that are visible to the unaided eye, we must now sharpen our focus and zoom-in, as it were, to the unitary level of organization and function in the central nervous system: to the level of individual neurons and their component parts that are crucial for neural signaling.

Neural Signaling: Synaptic Transmission and Synaptic Plasticity

Let’s continue our studies of neural signaling by learning about what happens at synaptic junctions, where the terminal ending of one neuron meets a complementary process of another excitable cell.

Sensory Systems: General Principles and Somatic Sensation

We have reached a significant juncture in Medical Neuroscience as we turn our attention to the organization and function of the sensory systems. We will begin our studies with the somatic sensory systems, which includes subsystems for mechanical sensation and pain/temperature sensation. But before we get there, it is worth considering first some organizing principles that will set the stage for studies of somatic sensation and all the other sensory systems of the body.

Sensory Systems: The Visual System

This module will provide lessons that are designed to help you understand the basic mechanisms by which light is transduced into electrical signals that are then used to construct visual perceptions in the brain. Your studies of the visual system will benefit you at this point in the course, but also in later studies when we use the visual system as a model for understanding general principles of developmental plasticity. Lastly, it is worth noting how much of the forebrain contains elements of the visual pathways. Thus, injuries and disease in widespread regions of the brain may have a clinically important impact on visual function. All the more reason to learn these lessons well as you progress in Medical Neuroscience.

Sensory Systems: Audition, Vestibular Sensation and the Chemical Senses

Our survey of the sensory systems continues as we now turn our attention to the auditory system, the vestibular system, and the chemical sensory systems. As you study this content, notice the similarities and the differences that pertain to the general mechanisms of sensory transduction and the broad organization of the central pathways in each of these sensory systems. In particular, note the similarity in transduction mechanisms for audition and vestibular sensation; and note the “logic” of sensory coding in the chemical sensory systems.

Movement and Motor Control: Lower and Upper Motor Neurons

We come now to another pivot in Medical Neuroscience where our focus shifts from sensation to action. Or to borrow a phrase made famous by C.S. Sherrington more than a century ago (the title of his classic text), we will now consider the “integrative action of the nervous system”. We will do so in this module by learning the basic mechanisms by which neural circuits in the brain and spinal cord motivate bodily movement.

Understanding the Paradigm of Eye Movements

At this juncture in our exploration of motor control, let’s focus on one of the best studied paradigms for understanding the neural control of movement: the eye movement system.

Movement and Motor Control: Modulation of Movement

Next, we will consider two major brain systems that modulate the output of upper motor neuronal circuits: the basal ganglia and the cerebellum. Take note: the output of these systems is NOT directed at lower motor circuits directly; rather, their output engages the motor thalamus and brainstem upper motor neuronal circuits. Thus, the actions of the basal ganglia and cerebellum are to modulate, rather than command, the activities of upper motor neurons. As you study the lessons in this module, appreciate how the basal ganglia and cerebellum function in a somewhat complementary fashion to modulate the initiation and coordination of movement, respectively.

Movement and Motor Control: Visceral Motor Control

We conclude our survey of movement and motor control by considering the visceral motor system, perhaps better known as the autonomic nervous system. As you study this lesson, consider how the disparate physiology of the viscera has impact not only on the internal state of the body, but also on implicit processing in the forebrain. We will return to this matter when we consider the neurobiology of emotions near the conclusion of Medical Neuroscience

The Changing Brain: The Brain Across the Lifespan

This module represents another turning point in Medical Neuroscience. Now that we have surveyed human neuroanatomy and our sensory and motor systems, we are ready to take a step back and consider how this magnificent central nervous system came to be the way that it is. We will also learn how the brain re-wires itself across the lifespan as genetic specification, experience-dependent plasticity and self-organization continue to interact, re-shaping the structure and function of neural circuits throughout the central nervous system.

Complex Brain Functions: Associational Cortex

It may surprise you to know that in all of our studies of the neural systems for sensation and action, we have yet to properly account for the organization and function of roughly 75% of the entire cerebral mantle. Thus, only 25% of the cerebral cortex is accounted for by the modal sensory and motor cortical areas. The majority of the human cerebral cortex is multi-modal cortex that associates signals derived from one or more modal systems. We now turn our attention to this “associational cortex” as we consider more complex aspects of brain function.

Complex Brain Functions: Sleep, Emotion and Addiction

In this concluding module of Medical Neuroscience, we will consider the neurobiology of sleep and the neurobiology of emotion, including addiction. Both topics involve explorations of complex, widely distributed systems in the forebrain and brainstem that modulate states of body and brain.

Comprehensive Final Exam

This module contains materials that will help you prepare for the final challenge in Medical Neuroscience: our clinical case-based, Comprehensive Final Exam.

Closing Remarks

Please allow me a few more moments of your time to express my thanks for all your efforts to make it through Medical Neuroscience, and to wish you well on all your future endeavors!

Good to know

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Develops a foundational understanding of human neuroanatomy and physiology, core skills for neuroscience, psychology, and medicine

Taught by Leonard E. White, Ph.D., a recognized expert in neurophysiology

Examines topics highly relevant to the fields of medicine, neuropsychology, and human behavior

Offers a comprehensive study of the central nervous system, preparing learners for further study or work in related fields

Requires background knowledge in cell and molecular biology, general physiology, and human anatomy

Reviews summary

Engaging medical neuroscience course

Learners say that this challenging but rewarding course provides a comprehensive overview of neuroscience. They found Professor White to be an excellent teacher who is passionate about his subject. The course includes a variety of engaging assignments and difficult exams. It also offers a lively learning community and helpful teaching assistants. Overall, learners highly recommend this course to anyone interested in neuroscience.

The course fosters a collaborative and supportive learning environment.

"The course was a wonderful experience and I enjoyed the collaborative helpful attitude with many other students and learned lots in a challenging course that is a real accomplishment considering the depth of materials."

"If you are seriously interested in building a solid foundational understanding of how the brain and nervous system work, look no further."

Professor White is a gifted educator who provides clear and engaging lectures.

"If you are looking to learn from a gifted professor, if you want to walk away with a lot of knowledge, if you need a new way of looking at neuroscience, or if you want to be hooked on the subject, look no further."

"Professor White is an inspiring person. It was a privilege watching him, and I think him for taking the time to put this course together."

"Dr Len White is a brilliant teacher. His subject is difficult but his tutelage is thorough."

The course covers a large volume of complex material within a tight schedule.

"As much as I hate to rate an extremely thorough and detailed class about such a fascinating matter only 3 stars, I feel I must do so."

"Great course. Very demanding because of the large volume of lectures and tests."

"The video format is extremely annoying, with every single video starting out with an introduction."

Activities

Be better prepared before your course. Deepen your understanding during and after it. Supplement your coursework and achieve mastery of the topics covered in Medical Neuroscience with these activities:

Review the foundations of neuroanatomy

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Fortify a strong foundation for understanding the complex neural systems that will be covered throughout the course.

Browse courses on Neuroanatomy

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Review the basic structure of the human brain, including the major lobes and their functions.
Study the organization of the central and peripheral nervous systems.
Explore the different types of neurons and their roles in neural communication.

Engage in peer-led discussion groups

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Enhance your understanding through active engagement with peers, exchanging perspectives and reinforcing concepts.

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Join or form a study group with classmates.
Discuss course materials, share insights, and challenge each other's understanding.
Prepare presentations or lead discussions on specific topics.

Solve practice problems and MCQs

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Test your understanding and identify areas for improvement by solving practice problems and MCQs.

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Access practice problems and MCQs from textbooks, online resources, or previous exams.
Attempt to solve the problems independently, referring to course materials as needed.
Review your answers and identify areas where you need further clarification.

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Read 'Principles of Neural Science'

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Supplement your understanding of neuroscientific principles with an in-depth exploration of a leading textbook in the field.

View Principles of Neural Science, Fifth Edition... on Amazon

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Read the introductory chapters to gain an overview of the field and the organization of the nervous system.
Focus on sections related to the specific topics covered in the course, such as sensory systems, motor control, and brain development.
Take notes and summarize ключевые concepts to enhance retention and understanding.

Develop a comprehensive study guide

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Synthesize and organize course materials to create a valuable resource for exam preparation and knowledge retention.

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Organize course notes and readings by topic, creating a comprehensive outline.
Summarize key concepts and definitions, using clear and concise language.
Include diagrams and illustrations to enhance understanding and visual recall.

Explore online simulations and interactive resources for neurophysiology

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Reinforce your understanding of neural signaling and brain function through interactive simulations and tutorials.

Browse courses on Neurophysiology

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Use online platforms to explore simulations of action potentials and synaptic transmission.
Engage with interactive visualizations of brain structures and pathways.
Participate in virtual labs to simulate experiments and gain hands-on experience.

Create a visual representation of a complex neural pathway

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Deepen your understanding of neural circuitry by creating a visual representation of a complex pathway.

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Choose a specific neural pathway to focus on, such as the visual or auditory pathway.
Research the anatomy and function of the pathway, including the structures and connections involved.
Create a diagram or infographic that visually represents the pathway and its components.

Volunteer at a local neuroscience lab or clinic

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Gain practical experience and connect with professionals in the field through volunteering.

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Research local neuroscience labs or clinics that offer volunteer opportunities.
Contact the organizations and inquire about available positions.
Attend orientation and training programs to become familiar with the facility and procedures.

Career center

Learners who complete Medical Neuroscience will develop knowledge and skills that may be useful to these careers:

Neuroscientist

Neuroscientists delve into the intricate world of the brain, exploring its functions, structures, and processes. They may specialize in specific areas such as cognitive neuroscience, neuroanatomy, or neurophysiology. This course, Medical Neuroscience, provides a solid foundation for understanding the fundamentals of neuroscience. By covering neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, and the organization of the nervous system, it equips aspiring neuroscientists with a comprehensive framework for unraveling the complexities of the brain.

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Neurologist

Neurologists diagnose and manage various conditions affecting the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. This course is a valuable asset for aspiring neurologists, providing a comprehensive overview of the structure and function of the nervous system. It covers essential topics such as neuroanatomy, neural signaling, sensory and motor systems, and brain development. The in-depth knowledge gained from this course can significantly enhance a neurologist's understanding of neurological disorders and their impact on the human body.

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Neurosurgeon

Highly skilled surgeons specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders affecting the nervous system, neurosurgeons require a deep understanding of the brain and spinal cord. This course, Medical Neuroscience, offers a comprehensive exploration of neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, and the organization of the nervous system. By providing a solid foundation in these areas, the course prepares aspiring neurosurgeons for the intricacies of surgical interventions within the delicate structures of the nervous system.

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Neuropsychologist

Neuropsychologists assess and rehabilitate individuals with cognitive and behavioral deficits resulting from brain injuries or neurological conditions. This course provides a solid foundation in neuroanatomy, neural signaling, and sensory and motor systems, enabling aspiring neuropsychologists to understand the neural substrates of cognition and behavior. The course also covers brain development and plasticity, providing insights into the brain's ability to adapt and recover after injury or disease.

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Psychiatrist

Psychiatrists diagnose and treat mental health disorders, utilizing a combination of psychotherapy and medication. This course, Medical Neuroscience, offers a comprehensive overview of the brain and its functions, including the neural basis of cognition, emotion, and behavior. By understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of mental health conditions, aspiring psychiatrists gain valuable insights into the complexities of psychiatric disorders and their treatment.

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Neuropharmacologist

Neuropharmacologists research the effects of drugs on the nervous system, developing new treatments for neurological and psychiatric disorders. This course provides a solid foundation in neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, and neural signaling, enabling aspiring neuropharmacologists to understand the mechanisms of drug action on the brain. The course also covers topics such as drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics, providing a comprehensive overview of the field.

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Speech-Language Pathologist

Speech-language pathologists assess and treat individuals with communication disorders, such as speech impairments, language disorders, and voice problems. This course may be helpful for aspiring speech-language pathologists by providing a foundation in neuroanatomy and the neural basis of language and speech production. Understanding the structure and function of the speech and language systems can enhance their ability to diagnose and manage communication disorders.

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Physical Therapist

Physical therapists help individuals restore and improve their physical function after injury or illness. This course may be helpful for aspiring physical therapists by providing a foundation in neuroanatomy and the neural basis of movement. Understanding the structure and function of the motor system can enhance their ability to design and implement effective rehabilitation programs.

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Occupational Therapist

Occupational therapists help individuals regain or improve their ability to perform日常生活activities after injury or illness. This course may be helpful for aspiring occupational therapists by providing a foundation in neuroanatomy and the neural basis of movement. Understanding the structure and function of the motor system can enhance their ability to design and implement effective rehabilitation programs.

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Chiropractor

Chiropractors focus on the diagnosis and treatment of neuromusculoskeletal disorders, with a particular emphasis on the spine. This course may be helpful for aspiring chiropractors by providing a foundation in neuroanatomy and the neural basis of movement. Understanding the structure and function of the nervous system can enhance their ability to diagnose and manage neuromusculoskeletal conditions.

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Medical Doctor

Medical doctors diagnose and treat a wide range of illnesses and injuries, including neurological conditions. This course provides a foundation in neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, and the organization of the nervous system, which can be beneficial for aspiring medical doctors. Understanding the structure and function of the nervous system is essential for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of neurological disorders.

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Nurse

Nurses provide care to patients in a variety of settings, including hospitals, clinics, and long-term care facilities. This course may be helpful for aspiring nurses by providing a foundation in neuroanatomy and the neural basis of movement. Understanding the structure and function of the nervous system can enhance their ability to provide comprehensive care to patients with neurological conditions.

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Medical Researcher

Medical researchers investigate the causes and treatments of diseases and injuries, including neurological conditions. This course provides a foundation in neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, and the organization of the nervous system, which can be beneficial for aspiring medical researchers. Understanding the structure and function of the nervous system is essential for conducting research on neurological disorders and developing new treatments.

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Science Writer

Science writers communicate complex scientific concepts to the general public through various media, including articles, books, and documentaries. This course may be helpful for aspiring science writers who specialize in neuroscience or medicine. By providing a foundation in neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, and the organization of the nervous system, the course can enhance their understanding of the field and enable them to convey complex information to a non-specialist audience.

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Teacher

Teachers educate students in various subjects, including science and health. This course may be helpful for aspiring teachers who specialize in biology, anatomy, or health sciences. By providing a foundation in neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, and the organization of the nervous system, the course can enhance their understanding of the subject matter and enable them to effectively teach these concepts to students.

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