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A Cloud Guru

In this course, we teach Apache web server hardening and cover what web server hardening is and why it plays a crucial part in running a web server. We go over several configurations we can perform to help secure our Apache web server as much as possible. In addition, we talk about the different kinds of vulnerabilities Apache is susceptible to. Apache HTTP Server is a free, open-source web server that runs approximately 45% of today’s websites, which is why learning how to secure it properly is extremely important. Web servers are in many cases located at the edges of networks, so they are exposed to attacks more frequently than other parts of networks. Web servers are always targeted with requests, both manually and automatically, through scripts. At the beginning of this course, we provide an introduction to web server hardening and teach how to properly install and configure an Apache server. All steps are performed on Centos7, but we could use the same commands for other Linux operating systems. Keep in mind that the installation process is precisely where the process of server hardening begins. It is very important to conduct a proper installation and configuration in order to protect the server and make it less vulnerable. Remember that the default settings are easily bypassed. Moreover, we also cover how to configure a firewall correctly. We share some basic firewalld concepts and terms like: - *zones* - *instances* - *firewalld commands* - *blacklists* Subsequently, we present several other topics. For example, we dive into Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux) and see why it is important to use it with Apache and how it benefits us. SELinux represents mandatory access controls (MAC), allowing fine-grain access controls for resources such as files, devices, networks, and inter-process communication. In many cases, administrators disable SELinux because it causes complications with Apache, and there is not enough time to configure everything correctly in the system. This usually results in decreased security. Some practical skills this course imparts are how to create automated scripts, manage apache directory access, perform log examination, and exploit a server using a well-known vulnerability: ShellShock. Automated scripts enable us to automatically perform server and SELinux checks, which is necessary when handling thousands or even millions of Apache instances at once. We create our own automated script for our needs, but we can always incorporate scripts written by others as well. We also create a capture file using the `tcdump` tool so we can recognize if there's anything suspicious going on in the system. If something suspicious is detected, we will then inspect the traffic in Wireshark. We also cover information over logs. Logging is essential in any system. We share how to configure our own log level for both general and specific traffic. By the end of this course, you will have a better understanding of the Apache server and be more aware of the dangers it's exposed to. You will also be able to set up and configure various parts of the system more securely, as well as search for potential threats. [Course Diagram](https://interactive.linuxacademy.com/diagrams/ApacheWebServerHardening.html)

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Provides a comprehensive study of Apache web server security, including hardening and vulnerability assessment
Emphasizes the importance of secure installation and configuration, which is essential for server protection
In-depth coverage of firewall configuration, including zones, instances, and blacklists
Introduces Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux) and its benefits for Apache security
Develops practical skills such as automated script creation, directory access management, and log examination
Taught by experienced instructors from A Cloud Guru, known for their expertise in cloud computing

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Activities

Be better prepared before your course. Deepen your understanding during and after it. Supplement your coursework and achieve mastery of the topics covered in Apache Web Server Hardening with these activities:
Join a Study Group or Online Forum for Apache Web Server
Connect with fellow learners and experts in a collaborative environment to share knowledge, ask questions, and enhance your understanding of Apache web server concepts.
Show steps
  • Identify a relevant study group or online forum.
  • Join the group and actively participate.
  • Ask questions, share experiences, and learn from others.
Read "Apache: The Definitive Guide" by Ben Laurie and Peter Laurie
Delve into a comprehensive reference guide to gain a deeper understanding of Apache web server architecture, configuration, and security best practices.
Show steps
  • Obtain a copy of the book.
  • Read and study the relevant chapters.
  • Apply the knowledge to your own Apache web server.
Configure Firewall Settings for Apache Web Server
Engage in hands-on practice of firewall configuration to enhance your skills in securing your Apache web server.
Browse courses on Web Server Security
Show steps
  • Understand firewalld concepts.
  • Configure firewall zones and rules.
  • Test the firewall configuration.
  • Monitor and adjust firewall settings as needed.
Two other activities
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Follow a Tutorial on Apache Web Server Performance Optimization
Enhance your knowledge of Apache web server optimization techniques through guided tutorials, enabling you to improve the performance and efficiency of your web applications.
Browse courses on Performance Tuning
Show steps
  • Identify a reputable tutorial or course.
  • Follow the tutorial step-by-step.
  • Apply the optimization techniques to your own Apache web server.
Participate in an Apache Web Server Security Challenge
Challenge yourself in a practical scenario where you can test your Apache web server security skills and identify vulnerabilities, enhancing your understanding of potential threats.
Browse courses on Penetration Testing
Show steps
  • Find an appropriate Apache web server security challenge.
  • Set up the challenge environment.
  • Identify vulnerabilities and exploit them.
  • Mitigate the vulnerabilities.

Career center

Learners who complete Apache Web Server Hardening will develop knowledge and skills that may be useful to these careers:

Reading list

We've selected ten books that we think will supplement your learning. Use these to develop background knowledge, enrich your coursework, and gain a deeper understanding of the topics covered in Apache Web Server Hardening.
Provides a comprehensive reference for the Apache HTTP Server. It covers all aspects of Apache, from installation to configuration to security. It valuable resource for administrators who are responsible for managing Apache servers.
This advanced guide delves into the security aspects of Linux servers, including Apache. It covers topics such as kernel hardening, SELinux configuration, and intrusion detection. It provides additional depth to the course's coverage of server hardening.
This guide focuses specifically on Apache security. It covers topics such as Apache configuration, security modules, and threat mitigation. It provides valuable insights for system administrators who manage Apache servers.
Provides a detailed guide to finding and exploiting security flaws in web applications. It covers topics such as reconnaissance, scanning, and exploitation. It valuable resource for security professionals who are interested in learning about web application security.
Provides a practical guide to web application penetration testing. It covers topics such as reconnaissance, scanning, exploitation, and reporting. It valuable resource for security professionals who are interested in learning about web application security.
This practical guide provides best practices and techniques for configuring various servers, including Apache. It covers topics such as server hardening, performance tuning, and security audits. It offers valuable insights for system administrators who want to optimize their servers.
Provides a detailed guide to securing Apache web servers, covering topics such as authentication, authorization, data encryption, and network security. It valuable resource for administrators who are responsible for securing Apache servers.
Provides a collection of recipes for developing secure web applications. It covers topics such as input validation, session management, and cross-site scripting. It valuable resource for web developers who are interested in learning about web application security.
This guide focuses on web server security from a developer's perspective. It covers topics such as secure code practices, input validation, and threat mitigation. It provides valuable insights for developers who want to build secure web applications on Apache.
Provides a gentle introduction to network security. It covers topics such as network security threats, firewalls, and intrusion detection systems. It valuable resource for beginners who are interested in learning about network security.

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