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CS50's Introduction to Databases with SQL

David J. Malan and Carter Zenke

This is CS50's introduction to databases using a language called SQL. Learn how to create, read, update, and delete data with relational databases, which store data in rows and columns. Learn how to model real-world entities and relationships among them using tables with appropriate types, triggers, and constraints. Learn how to normalize data to eliminate redundancies and reduce potential for errors. Learn how to join tables together using primary and foreign keys. Learn how to automate searches with views and expedite searches with indexes. Learn how to connect SQL with other languages like Python and Java. Course begins with SQLite for portability's sake and ends with introductions to PostgreSQL and MySQL for scalability's sake as well. Assignments inspired by real-world datasets.

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What's inside

Learning objectives

Create table
Select
Insert
Update
Delete
Drop

Create index
Create view
Sqlite, postgresql, mysql
Connectors (python, java)
Replication

Create table
Select
Insert
Update
Delete
Drop
Create index
Create view
Sqlite, postgresql, mysql
Connectors (python, java)
Replication

Good to know

Know what's good

, what to watch for

, and possible dealbreakers

Excellent introduction for beginners seeking foundational knowledge in database concepts

Provides a solid basis for using SQL across different database management systems, such as SQLite, PostgreSQL, and MySQL

Offers hands-on assignments inspired by real-world datasets, fostering practical application of concepts

Covers essential database operations like creating, reading, updating, and deleting data, providing a comprehensive understanding of database management

Leverages industry-standard tools and technologies, ensuring relevance and applicability to real-world scenarios

Taught by experienced instructors with expertise in database management, providing valuable insights and practical guidance

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Career center

Learners who complete CS50's Introduction to Databases with SQL will develop knowledge and skills that may be useful to these careers:

Database Administrator

Database Administrators are responsible for the performance, security, and maintenance of databases. They ensure that data is accurate, secure, and accessible to authorized users. Database Administrators also work with developers to design and implement new database systems. CS50's Introduction to Databases with SQL provides learners with the fundamental skills needed to become a Database Administrator, including how to create, manage, and query databases.

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Database Designer

Database Designers design and develop the structure of databases. They work with users to understand their data needs and create databases that meet those needs. Database Designers also work with Database Administrators to ensure that databases are performant and scalable. CS50's Introduction to Databases with SQL provides learners with the foundational skills needed to become a Database Designer, including how to design and develop database schemas.

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Data Engineer

Data Engineers design, build, and maintain the infrastructure that supports data storage and processing. They work with a variety of technologies, including databases, data warehouses, and big data platforms. Data Engineers ensure that data is accessible to users in a timely and efficient manner. CS50's Introduction to Databases with SQL provides learners with the foundational skills needed to become a Data Engineer, including how to design, build, and manage databases.

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Data Scientist

Data Scientists help companies make informed decisions by collecting, storing, and analyzing large amounts of structured and unstructured data to find patterns and trends. They also translate their findings into actionable insights and recommendations for business leaders. Companies across industries rely on Data Scientists to uncover insights that help them understand their customers, improve their operations, develop new products, and gain a competitive advantage. CS50's Introduction to Databases with SQL helps learners build a foundation in handling and working with data, which is a crucial skill for those aspiring to become Data Scientists.

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Data Analyst

Data Analysts collect, clean, and analyze data to identify trends and patterns. They use their findings to make recommendations to businesses on how to improve their operations, products, and services. Data Analysts often work with Data Scientists to develop and implement data analysis models. CS50's Introduction to Databases with SQL helps learners develop the skills needed to collect, clean, and analyze data, which are essential for success in Data Analysis.

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Data Warehouse Architect

Data Warehouse Architects design and develop data warehouses. They work with a variety of data warehousing technologies to create data warehouses that meet the needs of business users. Data Warehouse Architects often work with Database Administrators and Data Engineers to ensure that data warehouses are performant and scalable. CS50's Introduction to Databases with SQL can be helpful for Data Warehouse Architects who want to learn more about how to design and develop data warehouses.

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ETL Developer

ETL Developers extract, transform, and load data from a variety of sources into a data warehouse or other target system. They work with a variety of tools and technologies to automate the process of data integration. ETL Developers often work with Data Engineers and Data Scientists to ensure that data is clean, consistent, and accessible. CS50's Introduction to Databases with SQL can be helpful for ETL Developers who want to learn more about how to work with databases, which is a critical component of data integration.

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Information Security Analyst

Information Security Analysts protect computer systems and networks from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction. They develop and implement security measures to protect sensitive data and information. Information Security Analysts often work with Database Administrators to ensure that databases are secure and compliant with regulations. CS50's Introduction to Databases with SQL can be helpful for Information Security Analysts who want to learn more about how to secure databases, which is a critical aspect of protecting data and information.

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Business Analyst

Business Analysts work with businesses to identify and solve problems. They use their analytical skills to understand the business's needs and develop solutions that improve efficiency and profitability. Business Analysts often work with Data Analysts and Data Scientists to gather and analyze data. CS50's Introduction to Databases with SQL can be helpful for Business Analysts who want to learn more about how to work with databases, which can be a valuable asset in identifying and solving business problems.

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Systems Analyst

Systems Analysts design, develop, and implement computer systems. They work with users to understand their needs and develop systems that meet those needs. Systems Analysts often work with Database Administrators and Data Engineers to ensure that data is accessible and usable by the systems they develop. CS50's Introduction to Databases with SQL can be helpful for Systems Analysts who want to learn more about how to work with databases, which is a critical component of many computer systems.

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Software Developer

Software Developers design, develop, and maintain software applications. They work with a variety of programming languages and technologies to create software that meets the needs of users. Many Software Developers specialize in a particular area, such as web development, mobile development, or data science. CS50's Introduction to Databases with SQL can be helpful for Software Developers who want to learn more about how to work with databases, which is a common component of many software applications.

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Web Developer

Web Developers design and develop websites. They work with a variety of programming languages and technologies to create websites that are user-friendly, functional, and visually appealing. Many Web Developers specialize in a particular area, such as front-end development, back-end development, or full-stack development. CS50's Introduction to Databases with SQL can be helpful for Web Developers who want to learn more about how to work with databases, which is a common component of many websites.

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Cloud Architect

Cloud Architects design and implement cloud computing solutions. They work with a variety of cloud computing platforms and technologies to create scalable, reliable, and secure solutions. Cloud Architects often work with Database Administrators and Data Engineers to ensure that databases are deployed and managed in a cloud environment. CS50's Introduction to Databases with SQL can be helpful for Cloud Architects who want to learn more about how to work with databases in a cloud environment.

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Machine Learning Engineer

Machine Learning Engineers design, develop, and deploy machine learning models. They work with a variety of programming languages and technologies to create models that can learn from data and make predictions. Machine Learning Engineers often work with Data Scientists and Data Engineers to develop and deploy data-driven solutions. CS50's Introduction to Databases with SQL can be helpful for Machine Learning Engineers who want to learn more about how to work with databases, which is a common component of many machine learning applications.

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Technical Writer

Technical Writers create user manuals, white papers, and other documentation that explains technical products and services. They work with subject-matter experts to gather information and write documentation that is clear, concise, and accurate. Technical Writers often work with Database Administrators and Data Engineers to create documentation for databases and data-related technologies. CS50's Introduction to Databases with SQL can be helpful for Technical Writers who want to learn more about how to work with databases, which is a common topic for technical documentation.

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Reading list

We've selected nine books that we think will supplement your learning. Use these to develop background knowledge, enrich your coursework, and gain a deeper understanding of the topics covered in CS50's Introduction to Databases with SQL.

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