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Professor William M. O'Barr

This course examines the relation of advertising to society, culture, history, and the economy. Using contemporary theories about visual communications, we learn to analyze the complex levels of meaning in both print advertisements and television commercials.

About the Course

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This course examines the relation of advertising to society, culture, history, and the economy. Using contemporary theories about visual communications, we learn to analyze the complex levels of meaning in both print advertisements and television commercials.

About the Course

The course covers a wide range of topics, including the origins of advertising, the creation of ads, the interpretation of ads, the depiction of race, class, gender, and sexuality in advertising, sex and selling, adverting and ethics, and the future of advertising. The lectures will discuss theoretical frameworks and apply them to specific advertisements.

Course Syllabus

Week 1: What is advertising and where did it come from?

Week 2: Am I being manipulated by advertising?

Week 3: What’s in an ad beyond that which meets the eye?

Week 4: How do ads get made?

Week 5: What do ads teach us about race, class, gender, and sexuality?

Week 6: Does sex sell?

Week 7: What is the future of advertising?

Recommended Background

No background is required; everyone is welcome!

Suggested Readings

Although the lectures are designed to be self-contained, we recommend that students refer to the free online textbook ADTextOnline.org. Other free resources will be suggested for each week’s module.

Course Format

Most videos will be lectures with instructor talking. Each lecture will be illustrated with PowerPoint slides, print advertisements, and TV commercials. The videos for each week will consist of segments that add up to about an hour. Each week will have one quiz that will appear as stand-alone homework. All resources beyond lectures will be available online to students at no charge. Most of these will be from ADTextOnline.org. Others will be visits to the sites of ad agencies in the US and abroad, open access websites that deal with course topics, and open-access journal articles.

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What's inside

Syllabus

What is advertising and where did it come from?
Focus on 3 definitions of advertising, one of which emphasizes its antiquity, another its modernity and connections to capitalist society, and a third that traces its evolution from face-to-face salesmanship through print, radio, TV, and now the Internet. In addition, a brief history of American advertising from its European origins through the colonial period in America when most manufactured goods were imported, to the advent of mass production in 19th century America, mass consumption (and the emergence of contemporary advertising as a means to facilitate it), to the present.
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Read about what's good
what should give you pause
and possible dealbreakers
Explores the evolution of advertising from its inception through modern-day practices, providing a historical context for the industry
Examines the intricate ways in which advertising influences society, culture, and the economy, making it relevant to a wide audience
Employs contemporary theories of visual communications, equipping learners with analytical tools for deciphering advertising messages
Features lectures from Professor O'Barr, who brings a wealth of academic expertise and industry experience to the course
Provides a comprehensive overview of advertising, from its creation and interpretation to its impact on various societal aspects
Analyzes the depiction of race, class, gender, and sexuality in advertising, making it relevant to those interested in social justice and media representation

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Reviews summary

Advertising's societal and cultural impact

According to learners, this course provides a largely positive (positive) exploration of how advertising shapes and reflects society. Many students found the content on the historical context and societal impact (positive) of advertising insightful, particularly the analysis of race, class, gender, and sexuality (positive) depicted in ads. The course is described as having an academic and theoretical focus (neutral), which some appreciated for its depth, while others seeking practical ad creation skills found it less directly applicable. The lectures are generally considered informative and well-structured (positive), offering a solid framework for analysis. While it doesn't teach you how to make ads, it offers a valuable perspective (positive) on the cultural significance of advertising.
Explores concepts through an academic lens.
"The course is quite academic, focusing heavily on theory and analysis rather than practical application."
"If you want to learn *how* to create ads, this isn't the course. It's about analyzing their meaning."
"I appreciated the theoretical frameworks provided; they help break down complex ads."
"It's a good course if you're interested in the academic study of media and culture."
"Requires a willingness to engage with theoretical concepts and historical analysis."
Weekly quizzes test understanding of material.
"The weekly quizzes were helpful for checking my understanding."
"Quizzes covered key points from the lectures."
"I found the quizzes fair and a good way to review."
"They aren't difficult, but they ensure you paid attention to the videos."
"A simple way to reinforce the main ideas each week."
Covers the origins and evolution of advertising.
"Learning the history of advertising provided essential context."
"The early modules covering the origins were surprisingly interesting."
"Understanding where advertising came from helps analyze its present form."
"I liked seeing how advertising has evolved over time."
"The historical overview sets a strong foundation for the rest of the course."
Lectures are clear, engaging, and informative.
"The lectures were very informative and easy to follow."
"The instructor is knowledgeable, and the lectures provide good examples."
"I found the video lectures well-paced and clearly explained the concepts."
"Lectures effectively use visual examples to illustrate points."
"The way the lectures connect theory to specific advertisements is excellent."
Examines advertising's broader role in society.
"I learned how advertising influences culture and reflects societal values."
"This course really opened my eyes to the social and cultural implications of advertising, beyond just selling products."
"Understanding the historical and societal context was the most valuable part for me."
"It's great for understanding advertising's role in shaping ideas about gender, race, etc."
"The analysis of how ads depict social themes is fascinating and relevant."
Some examples may not reflect current trends.
"While the theories are relevant, some of the ad examples felt a bit outdated, especially in the later weeks."
"I wished there were more contemporary examples of digital or social media advertising."
"The focus is heavily on print and TV ads; less on modern digital formats."
"Could benefit from updated examples reflecting current advertising practices."
"Felt like some parts focused on older media formats."

Activities

Be better prepared before your course. Deepen your understanding during and after it. Supplement your coursework and achieve mastery of the topics covered in Advertising and Society with these activities:
Create a collection of your favorite advertisements
Creating a collection of your favorite advertisements will help you to identify the elements that make an advertisement effective.
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Show steps
  • Browse through different advertising channels (e.g., TV, print, online) to find advertisements that you like.
  • Save the advertisements to a folder on your computer or in a digital scrapbook.
  • Write a brief description of each advertisement, explaining why you like it.
Watch tutorials on how to create effective advertisements
Watching tutorials on how to create effective advertisements will help you to learn from the experts in the field.
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Show steps
  • Search for tutorials on YouTube or other online platforms.
  • Watch the tutorials and take notes on the key points.
  • Apply what you have learned to your own advertising work.
Read the textbook
Reading the textbook will provide you with a comprehensive overview of the advertising industry and its impact on society and the economy.
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  • Start by reading the introduction and overview chapters to get a general understanding of the advertising industry.
  • Read the chapters on the history of advertising, the advertising process, and the different types of advertising.
  • Read the chapters on the effects of advertising on society and the economy.
  • Complete the end-of-chapter exercises to test your understanding of the material.
Four other activities
Expand to see all activities and additional details
Show all seven activities
Attend industry events
Attending industry events will help you to connect with other professionals in the field and learn about the latest trends.
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Show steps
  • Find industry events in your area.
  • Register for the events and attend them.
  • Network with other attendees and learn about their work.
Read the book 'The Power of Advertising' by John Philip Jones
This book will provide you with a fascinating insight into the history of advertising and its impact on our culture.
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  • Read the introduction and first few chapters to get a general overview of the book's main arguments.
  • Read the chapters on the different types of advertising and their effectiveness.
  • Read the chapters on the ethical implications of advertising.
  • Finish the book by reading the conclusion and reflecting on the main points.
Write a blog post about a current advertising campaign
Writing a blog post about a current advertising campaign will help you to analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of the campaign.
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Show steps
  • Choose an advertising campaign that you are interested in.
  • Research the campaign and its objectives.
  • Write a blog post that analyzes the campaign's creative, strategy, and effectiveness.
  • Publish your blog post and share it with others.
Develop an advertising campaign for a new product
Developing an advertising campaign for a new product will help you to apply the principles of advertising that you have learned in the course.
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Show steps
  • Define the target audience for the product.
  • Develop a creative brief for the advertising campaign.
  • Create the advertising campaign, including the creative, the media plan, and the budget.
  • Present your advertising campaign to a panel of experts.

Career center

Learners who complete Advertising and Society will develop knowledge and skills that may be useful to these careers:
Advertising Professor
Advertising and Society will help build a foundation for your role as an Advertising Professor by providing you with a comprehensive understanding of the field. This course covers a wide range of topics, including the origins of advertising, the creation of ads, the interpretation of ads, and the depiction of race, class, gender, and sexuality in advertising. This knowledge will equip you to teach students about the history, theory, and practice of advertising.
Creative Director
As a Creative Director, a deep understanding of advertising is essential, Advertising and Society will provide you with that understanding. This course offers a comprehensive overview of the field, including the creation, interpretation, and depiction of race, class, gender, and sexuality in advertising. With a solid grasp of these concepts, you'll be better equipped to lead creative teams and develop innovative advertising campaigns that capture the attention of consumers.
Marketing Analyst
Advertising and Society will help build a foundation for your role as a Marketing Analyst as it provides a comprehensive understanding of advertising and its impact on society. This course covers topics such as the origins of advertising, the creation of ads, the interpretation of ads, and the depiction of race, class, gender, and sexuality in advertising. This knowledge will equip you to analyze advertising data and develop effective marketing strategies.
Marketing Consultant
Advertising and Society will help build a foundation for your role as a Marketing Consultant as it provides a comprehensive understanding of advertising and its impact on society. This course will provide you with the knowledge and skills you need to develop and implement effective marketing strategies for your clients.
Brand Manager
Advertising and Society will help build a foundation for your role as a Brand Manager as it provides a comprehensive understanding of advertising and its impact on society. The course covers topics such as the origins of advertising, the creation of ads, the interpretation of ads, and the depiction of race, class, gender, and sexuality in advertising. This knowledge will equip you to develop and manage effective brand strategies that resonate with target audiences.
Media Buyer
As a Media Buyer, understanding how advertising works is crucial, Advertising and Society will provide you with the necessary knowledge. This course explores a wide range of topics in advertising, including the creation, interpretation, and depiction of race, class, gender, and sexuality in advertising. With a deeper understanding of these concepts, you'll be better equipped to make strategic decisions about media placements and negotiate effectively with advertising agencies.
Copywriter
Advertising and Society will help build a foundation for your role as a Copywriter by providing you with a solid understanding of advertising and its impact on society. This course covers topics such as the origins of advertising, the creation of ads, the interpretation of ads, and the depiction of race, class, gender, and sexuality in advertising. This knowledge will equip you to develop effective and engaging advertising copy that resonates with target audiences.
Account Manager
Advertising and Society will help build a foundation for your role as an Account Manager, providing you with a comprehensive understanding of the field. This course will provide you with valuable knowledge about the creation, interpretation, and depiction of race, class, gender, and sexuality in advertising, which will allow you to better understand the needs of your clients and develop effective advertising campaigns that resonate with their target audiences.
Public relations manager
Advertising and Society will help build a foundation for your role as a Public Relations Manager, as it provides a comprehensive understanding of advertising and its impact on society, culture, and the economy. Furthermore, this course includes a critical examination of advertising ethics, which will equip you to handle public relations issues related to advertising in a responsible and effective manner.
Writer
Advertising and Society will help build a foundation for your role as a Writer by providing you with a comprehensive understanding of the complex levels of meaning in both print advertisements and television commercials. This course emphasizes the relationship between advertising and culture, history, and the economy, which will provide you with valuable insights into the industry that you can apply to your writing.
Marketing Manager
Advertising and Society will help build a foundation for your role as a Marketing Manager by providing you with a solid understanding of the advertising industry and marketing theory.This course provides an in-depth examination of the relationship between advertising and society, which will give you a comprehensive perspective on the field, enabling you to make more informed decisions and develop effective marketing campaigns.
Brand Strategist
Advertising and Society may be useful for a Brand Strategist as it provides a comprehensive overview of advertising, including the creation, interpretation, and depiction of race, class, gender, and sexuality in advertising. This knowledge will provide you with a solid foundation in the field and help you to develop effective brand strategies that resonate with target audiences.
Art Director
Advertising and Society may be useful for an Art Director as it offers a comprehensive overview of advertising, including the creation, interpretation, and depiction of race, class, gender, and sexuality in advertising. This knowledge will provide you with a solid foundation in the field and help you to develop visually appealing and effective advertising campaigns.
Social Media Manager
Advertising and Society may be useful for a Social Media Manager as it provides a comprehensive overview of advertising, including the creation, interpretation, and depiction of race, class, gender, and sexuality in advertising. This knowledge will provide you with a solid foundation in the field and help you to develop effective social media campaigns that resonate with target audiences.
Market Researcher
Advertising and Society may be useful for a Market Researcher as it provides a comprehensive overview of advertising, including the creation, interpretation, and depiction of race, class, gender, and sexuality in advertising. This knowledge will provide you with a solid foundation in the field and help you to conduct effective market research that informs advertising campaigns.

Reading list

We've selected 35 books that we think will supplement your learning. Use these to develop background knowledge, enrich your coursework, and gain a deeper understanding of the topics covered in Advertising and Society.
Comprehensive overview of the relationship between advertising and society. It covers a wide range of topics, including the history of advertising, the creation of ads, the interpretation of ads, the depiction of race, class, gender, and sexuality in advertising, sex and selling, advertising and ethics, and the future of advertising.
Serves as a comprehensive reference guide to the field of advertising, covering its theoretical foundations, industry practices, and ethical considerations.
Classic work on the history and impact of advertising. It argues that advertising has become a dominant force in American culture, shaping our values and beliefs. This book would contribute depth to the course and can be used as a historical reference.
A comprehensive history of the advertising industry, this will allow readers to compare historical advertising with contemporary advertising.
Analyzes the economic and political forces that shape the advertising industry, exploring its impact on society, the media, and public discourse.
Provides a comprehensive overview of the advertising industry. It covers everything from the history of advertising to the latest trends in digital marketing. The book would serve as an excellent supplement for the course, providing students with a more in-depth understanding of the industry.
Collection of essays by one of the most successful advertising executives of all time. Ogilvy shares his insights on what makes advertising effective and how to create ads that connect with consumers. This book must-read for anyone interested in the art of advertising.
Examines the legal and societal issues surrounding gender discrimination in advertising and the workplace, highlighting the impact on women's roles and opportunities.
Applicable to this course and relevant to cultural studies in general, this text adds depth to the study of media culture.
Provides an insider's perspective on the advertising industry, revealing the strategies, practices, and motivations of advertising professionals.
An advertising classic that provides a historical perspective on the industry.
Provides a foundational understanding of advertising, examining its history, principles, and ethical implications.
Provides a comprehensive overview of the event planning process. It covers everything from budgeting to marketing. This book is an essential resource for anyone who wants to learn how to plan and execute successful events.
Provides a comprehensive overview of public relations. It covers everything from media relations to crisis communications. This book is an essential resource for anyone who wants to learn how to build and maintain positive relationships with the public.
Provides a step-by-step guide to managing advertising campaigns. It covers everything from developing a creative brief to measuring results. This book is an essential resource for anyone who wants to learn how to create and manage successful advertising campaigns.
Provides a comprehensive overview of the media planning process. It covers everything from setting objectives to evaluating results. This book is an essential resource for anyone who wants to learn how to plan and execute effective media campaigns.
Provides a practical guide to the art of persuasion. It covers a wide range of topics, including the six principles of influence, how to build trust and rapport, and how to overcome resistance.
Explores the psychological principles that underlie advertising. It covers a wide range of topics, including how people process information, how emotions influence behavior, and how advertising can be used to change attitudes and behavior.
Classic work on the subject of creativity in advertising. Young argues that creativity is not a gift but a skill that can be learned. This book valuable resource for anyone who wants to improve their creative thinking skills.
Although not specifically discussed in the syllabus, this book could provide an interesting futurist perspective to counter the other course content.
Provides a comprehensive overview of the language of advertising. It covers everything from the use of words to the use of images. This book is an essential resource for anyone who wants to understand how advertising communicates with consumers.
Provides a practical guide to using visuals to communicate your message and influence audiences. It covers a wide range of topics, including how to choose the right visuals, how to design effective visuals, and how to use visuals to tell a story.
Explains the importance of branding and how to create a strong brand that will resonate with consumers. It covers a wide range of topics, including how to develop a brand strategy, how to design a brand identity, and how to manage a brand over time.
Classic work on the subject of media theory. McLuhan argues that the media we use shape the way we think and experience the world. This book valuable resource for anyone who wants to understand the impact of media on society.
Classic work on the subject of communication theory. Shannon and Weaver propose a mathematical model of communication that is still used today. This book valuable resource for anyone who wants to understand the basic principles of communication.
Provides a practical guide to designing effective data visualizations. It covers a wide range of topics, including how to choose the right chart type, how to design effective charts, and how to use data visualization to tell a story.
Provides a practical guide to developing and maintaining a creative habit. It covers a wide range of topics, including how to overcome creative blocks, how to generate new ideas, and how to stay motivated.
Provides a practical guide to writing effective advertising copy. It covers a wide range of topics, including how to write headlines, how to write body copy, and how to write calls to action.
Provides a comprehensive overview of social media marketing. It covers a wide range of topics, including how to create a social media strategy, how to use social media to generate leads, and how to measure your social media ROI.
Collection of essays on advertising by David Ogilvy, one of the most successful advertising executives of all time. It covers a wide range of topics, including how to create effective advertising campaigns, how to write effective advertising copy, and how to manage an advertising agency.

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