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曹淑娟 Tsao Shu-chuan

本課程以文人園林為窗口,觀察中國古典文學如何處理人與空間的關係。中國園林自秦漢上林宮苑樹立規模,隨著歷朝社會文化發展,唐宋以降逐漸凝塑出文人園林的主要美學型態。園林營造出一個可居可遊的人文活動空間,相關的書寫活動亦蓬勃展開。本課程選擇具代表性的案例,觀察園主如何營造一個可居可遊的人文活動空間,並藉由詩文記存相關的審美經驗、精神意趣與人生觀省。

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Syllabus

導論:走向文人園林
本講旨在透過對於中國古代園林發展史的簡要敘述,以及比較園林與山水性質的異同,對中國古代園林的發展及其與山水的關係有初步的理解。
導論:文學書寫與人地關係
本講旨在探討園林與文學二種藝文範疇之間交互涵攝的緊密關聯,並透過「人在園中」此一概念,說明園林主人的參與,如何將個別的物質建設與自然山水聯結成一有機性的關係網絡。
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前行者的身影:陶淵明的歸返田園
本講旨在介紹六朝貴族莊園的性質,以及陶淵明如何由仕至隱,逐步在現實與內心建構園田空間、桃源世界,以至重構二度和諧的生命歷程,從中展現其後文人園林發展中人地關係的典型。
前行者的身影:王維的棲遊輞川
本講旨在介紹王維如何通過輞川別業的修建,探尋他對佛教哲理的省思;又如何在居遊之際,闡發自我對物象禪理的體悟,進而在隱居與仕宦之間取得自我生命的平衡。
漂泊:杜甫人生方向的追尋與修正
本講旨在介紹杜甫從求仕長安、經歷安史之亂到流離蜀地的生命歷程與相關詩作,展現其感時憂國的情懷,以及漂泊動盪之中如何體察自我與地景風貌的關聯,在無依中生發建構安棲地方的願望。
止歇:杜甫浣花草堂倫理關係的重構
本講旨在介紹杜甫在成都草堂安居的意義。結束秦州、同谷的漂泊,杜甫建構浣花草堂,重新經營家庭生活,體認物我和諧關係;並以詩人的身分重建自我價值與社群關係。
出走蟻壤:白居易廬山草堂的心 / 境對話
本講旨在介紹白居易的仕宦歷程及其廬山草堂的景象建構,透過相關詩文書寫,了解其面對人生挫折時如何透過園林經營予以回應,從中養護沖融恬淡的心境。
壺中天地:白居易履道宅園的江南風景
本講旨在介紹白居易回到洛陽之後,如何以江南物、江南境,營造履道宅園的空間意涵,並通過相關作品的研讀,觀看詩人如何通過對權勢利害的淡然捨離,追尋安穩自由的中隱生活。
期末評量

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Examines the relationship between people and the spaces they inhabit, specifically through the lens of classical Chinese garden design and landscaping
Covers the development of Chinese gardens from the Qin and Han dynasties to the Tang and Song dynasties, focusing on how gardens gradually evolved into spaces designed for human activities and artistic expression
Discusses the interplay between literature and gardening, examining how garden design and landscaping inspired literary works and how literature, in turn, influenced the creation of gardens
Features a multi-modal approach, combining video lectures and readings with guided discussions and opportunities for interaction with peers
Taught by instructors who are recognized for their expertise in Chinese classical literature, history, and culture
Suitable for learners with a background in Chinese classical literature, history, or culture, or those with a keen interest in garden design and landscaping

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Activities

Be better prepared before your course. Deepen your understanding during and after it. Supplement your coursework and achieve mastery of the topics covered in 中國園林文學 (一) (Chinese Garden Literature (1)) with these activities:
Review of Chinese Garden History and Development
Start by reviewing the history and development of Chinese gardens to lay a solid foundation for the course.
Show steps
  • Gather resources on Chinese garden history and development.
  • Read articles, books, or online materials on the topic.
  • Take notes and summarize key points.
Show all one activities

Career center

Learners who complete 中國園林文學 (一) (Chinese Garden Literature (1)) will develop knowledge and skills that may be useful to these careers:
Architectural Historian
Architectural historians study the history of architecture, and the cultural and social context in which architecture is created. They work in museums, galleries, and universities, and they publish books and articles on the history of architecture. While Chinese Garden Literature (1) focuses on the history of garden design, it will be useful to the aspiring architectural historian in that it provides context for the cultural and social significance of architecture as a whole, and the role it plays in a community.
Historic Preservationist
Historic preservationists work to preserve and protect historic buildings and sites. They work with architects, engineers, and other professionals to restore and maintain historic properties. Chinese Garden Literature (1) will be useful to the historic preservationist as it will provide context for the role of gardens in the development of historical spaces and their role in preserving the culture and history of sites and communities.
Parks and Recreation Manager
Parks and recreation managers plan, develop, and maintain parks, recreation areas, and other public spaces. They work to provide opportunities for recreation and leisure activities for the community. Chinese Garden Literature (1) may be useful for this career as it provides an extensive history of garden design, and how gardens can serve as a space for public use and interaction.
Museum curator
Museum curators are responsible for planning and managing exhibitions, and for caring for the collections of museums. They work to educate the public about the museum's collections, and to promote the museum's mission. Chinese Garden Literature (1) may assist those interested in working as curators for history or botanical gardens, as it can help develop an understanding of the Chinese cultural history of garden design.
Landscape Architect
While landscape designers create spaces for human use, landscape architects actually design the groundwork for those spaces. This involves designing public green spaces and park spaces, as well as the landscaping for commercial buildings and residential buildings. Chinese Garden Literature (1) will be useful for this career as it will provide context for the aesthetic and functional components of landscape design. By learning about the history of Chinese garden design and literary representation, learners may develop a deeper understanding of how to create spaces that are both functional and visually appealing.
Art conservator
Art conservators preserve and restore works of art. They work to protect works of art from damage, and to ensure that they are preserved for future generations. Chinese Garden Literature (1) can help build a foundation for working in the preservation of art as it will provide context for gardens as works of art, and the methods by which they are designed and preserved.
Urban Designer
Urban designers plan and design cities and towns. They work to create livable, sustainable, and aesthetically pleasing communities. Chinese Garden Literature (1) may be useful for this career, as it can help develop an understanding of how the layout of land can have an impact on the pace, aesthetics, and culture of a community.
Art historian
Art historians study the history of art, and the cultural and social context in which art is created. They work in museums, galleries, and universities, and they publish books and articles on the history of art. Chinese Garden Literature (1) can help build a foundation for working as an art historian as it will provide context for the cultural and social construction of gardens.
Environmental Engineer
Environmental engineers design and implement solutions to environmental problems. They work to protect human health and the environment, and to ensure the sustainable use of natural resources. Chinese Garden Literature (1) may be useful for this career in that it will help to develop an understanding of how human interaction with nature is developed.
Real Estate Developer
Real estate developers acquire, develop, and manage real estate properties. They work to create profitable real estate developments, and to meet the needs of the community. Chinese Garden Literature (1) may be useful for this career as it can help develop an understanding of the role of green spaces and the aesthetics of a building in influencing property value and community interest.
City and Regional Planner
City and regional planners are responsible for planning the use of space and resources in communities. They work with engineers, architects, and community members to create plans that will meet the needs of the community. This often involves zoning and planning public works.
Conservation Scientist
Conservation scientists apply scientific principles to the conservation and management of natural resources. They work to protect and restore ecosystems, and to ensure the sustainable use of natural resources. Chinese Garden Literature (1) may be useful for this career, as it will provide context for the relationship of humans to nature, and how this relationship can be used to preserve spaces that are of cultural significance.
Environmental Scientist
Environmental scientists study the environment and the impact of human activities on the environment. They work to develop solutions to environmental problems, and to protect human health and the environment. Chinese Garden Literature (1) may be useful for this career as it will help develop an understanding of how humans have historically interacted with and shaped natural environments.
Arts Administrator
Arts administrators manage the business and financial operations of arts organizations. They work to ensure that arts organizations are able to fulfill their missions, and to provide access to the arts for the community. Chinese Garden Literature (1) may be useful for this career as it can help to build a foundation for understanding the fundraising and budgeting that may be involved in the maintenance of art spaces and planning.
Architect
Architects develop designs for structures, either residential or commercial. While architecture design is based somewhat on art, it also relies on science. Many programs require coursework in mathematics, physics, and advanced sciences. Chinese Garden Literature (1) can help inform architecture design by providing knowledge of how human perception interacts with spaces. Landscapes are a significant feature of architecture and Chinese garden design accentuates how landscape design affects the perception of the space. This course can also help design spaces that incorporate nature and the environment to maximize human relaxation.

Reading list

We've selected six books that we think will supplement your learning. Use these to develop background knowledge, enrich your coursework, and gain a deeper understanding of the topics covered in 中國園林文學 (一) (Chinese Garden Literature (1)).
全面介紹中國古典園林的歷史、類型、特色,是了解中國園林的入門讀物。
專門探討明代園林的專著,深入介紹明代園林的類型、特點、設計和文化意涵,有助於理解中國園林的歷史發展。
精選王維的代表性詩作,有助於理解王維對中國園林美學的影響。
收錄杜甫的全部詩作,有助於理解杜甫對中國園林中「漂泊」和「止歇」意象的表現。
全面介紹中國文化的歷史發展,有助於理解中國園林文化的時代背景和社會意義。

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