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Carol Elston, Jon Lovett, Leanda Johnson, Rob Pheasant, Kate Nicolson, Sarah Copeland, Ellie Dunn, Leanda Hamilton, and Sophia XU

Most FutureLearn courses run multiple times. Every run of a course has a set start date but you can join it and work through it after it starts. Find out more The course is suitable for anyone with a general interest in conflict and environmental decision-making; no previous knowledge or experience is required. If you are working in environmental management, or wish to learn more about it, this course is designed to support you as a professional. By completing all aspects of the course you will have achieved 14 hours of CPD time. You can use the hashtag #FLenvconflict to talk about this course on social media.

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Most FutureLearn courses run multiple times. Every run of a course has a set start date but you can join it and work through it after it starts. Find out more The course is suitable for anyone with a general interest in conflict and environmental decision-making; no previous knowledge or experience is required. If you are working in environmental management, or wish to learn more about it, this course is designed to support you as a professional. By completing all aspects of the course you will have achieved 14 hours of CPD time. You can use the hashtag #FLenvconflict to talk about this course on social media.

Topics Covered

  • Be introduced to the pioneering environmental economist Ken Boulding.
  • Understand the difference between a ‘cowboy’ economy based on throughput, and a circular ‘spaceman’ economy.
  • Appreciate the role of technology in changing production methods and enabling increased exploitation of natural resources.
  • Understand how demand for natural resources, in particular oil for energy, has led to conflict.
  • Be aware of the contrasting concepts of ‘water wars’ and ‘water peace’ over access to and management of water resources.
  • Understand how appropriately negotiated property rights and institutional arrangements are important for water peace.
  • Understand how conflict can lead to increased environmental vulnerability of civilian populations and mass mortality though famine and disease.
  • Be introduced to Amartya Sen and the concept of development as freedom.
  • Be introduced to contrasting theories on international regimes.
  • Understand the impact of conflict on environmental management in north Lebanon.
  • Appreciate the role of trust relationships and the effect of ‘wasta’ on post-conflict environmental management.

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Reviews summary

Environmental scarcity & conflict overview

According to students, this course offers a highly relevant and eye-opening introduction to environmental challenges. Learners frequently praise its clear explanations and accessible presentation of complex topics like water scarcity and conflict. The inclusion of engaging case studies, such as the situation in Lebanon, effectively brings theories to life and provides a strong foundational understanding for a diverse audience. While many find the self-paced format convenient for busy schedules, some more experienced learners noted the course lacks advanced depth and covers material that can feel somewhat dated for specialists already familiar with the field. Overall, it is widely regarded as a valuable resource for both general interest and environmental professionals seeking a concise overview.
Self-paced format supports busy schedules.
"I found the self-paced nature helpful."
"The course length was just right for busy professionals."
Provides a strong basis for general learners.
"A solid introduction to environmental challenges... Good for professionals looking to broaden their understanding."
"Very informative. It provided a strong foundation for understanding environmental conflicts."
"Well-structured and easy to follow. The introduction to Ken Boulding was a great starting point."
Real-world examples enhance understanding.
"I especially enjoyed the case studies, which brought the theories to life."
"The real-world examples, especially the Lebanon case study, were very impactful."
"I appreciated the balance between economic theory and real-world examples."
Insights on environmental challenges and conflict.
"This course was truly eye-opening! The content on water scarcity and conflict was incredibly relevant and well-presented."
"Excellent course! The material is highly relevant and presented in an accessible manner."
"Absolutely brilliant! The concepts are challenging but explained so well. I learned so much about the interconnectedness of environmental issues and conflict."
Specific topics may feel less current.
"The course has good intentions, but some of the material felt a bit dated, especially the focus on oil."
"While important, perhaps more current energy conflicts could be discussed."
Not deep enough for experienced individuals.
"Found this course quite superficial... it doesn't go into enough depth for me."
"Perhaps it's better for absolute beginners, but not for someone with prior knowledge in environmental studies."
"Useful as a general overview, but not deep enough for specialists."

Career center

Learners who complete Environmental Challenges: Scarcity and Conflict in the Natural Environment will develop knowledge and skills that may be useful to these careers:

Reading list

We've selected 50 books that we think will supplement your learning. Use these to develop background knowledge, enrich your coursework, and gain a deeper understanding of the topics covered in Environmental Challenges: Scarcity and Conflict in the Natural Environment.
Classic in the field of conflict resolution and provides a step-by-step guide to negotiating agreements without giving in. It is written by three of the world's leading experts on negotiation and has been translated into more than 30 languages.
This recent and highly significant review emphasizes the economic importance of biodiversity and calls for fundamental changes in how we value nature in economic decision-making. It's essential reading for anyone interested in contemporary topics and the integration of ecological principles into economics.
This landmark report provides a comprehensive economic analysis of the impacts of climate change and the costs and benefits of taking action. While published in 2006, its framing of climate change as a major economic issue and its methodology have been highly influential. It's a crucial read for understanding the economic arguments for climate action, particularly for upper-level students and professionals interested in climate policy.
This textbook offers a rigorous and detailed treatment of environmental economics, focusing specifically on pollution problems. It assumes an understanding of intermediate microeconomics and is well-suited for advanced undergraduate and graduate students looking to deepen their theoretical understanding. It delves into market failures and government regulation with significant detail.
Provides an in-depth look at the economic analysis of environmental policies. It's particularly relevant for understanding how economic instruments can be used to address environmental problems. This strong resource for advanced undergraduate and graduate students focusing on policy aspects.
Offers a balanced approach to environmental economics, integrating theory with numerous international empirical studies. It's suitable for advanced undergraduate and graduate students and can serve as a valuable reference for professionals due to its comprehensive coverage of key areas and recent research.
Another comprehensive textbook covering both environmental and natural resource economics. It provides a strong theoretical grounding with a balance of applications and examples, suitable for undergraduate and postgraduate students. The various editions reflect updates in the field.
Comprehensive guide to conflict resolution for practitioners. It provides a step-by-step process for resolving conflicts and includes tools and resources for practitioners.
Provides a framework for having difficult conversations in a constructive way. It is written by three of the world's leading experts on conflict resolution and has been translated into more than 20 languages.
Key resource for understanding the methods used to value environmental goods and services that are not traded in markets. It covers both revealed and stated preference methods in detail. This is essential reading for those focusing on the empirical side of environmental economics and policy analysis.
This textbook provides a rigorous, graduate-level treatment of environmental economics theory. It's suitable for students with a strong quantitative background and is designed for a dedicated course in the subject. It delves into advanced theoretical models and concepts.
This foundational text in ecological economics offers a different perspective than traditional environmental economics, emphasizing the integration of ecological principles into economic thought. It's crucial for understanding alternative approaches to sustainability and is valuable for students and professionals interested in interdisciplinary perspectives.
Providing a less technical introduction than some other textbooks, this book is excellent for those new to the field or seeking a broad understanding without a deep economics background. It covers core concepts clearly and includes policy applications, making it accessible for high school and early undergraduate students. It serves as valuable foundational reading before tackling more advanced texts.
Examines the concept of sustainability as it relates to water resources management in the context of climate change risks. It reviews contemporary scientific research and practical applications, discussing future directions and featuring case studies. This crucial resource for understanding the intersection of climate change and water management.
Delves into the complex and critical issue of discounting in the context of long-term environmental problems like climate change. It's a more specialized text suitable for graduate students and researchers interested in the theoretical underpinnings of cost-benefit analysis in environmental economics.
This provocative book presents a controversial argument about the potential unintended consequences of environmental policies on fossil fuel extraction. It offers a critical perspective on traditional climate policies and is valuable for advanced students and professionals interested in contemporary debates in environmental economics.
Complementing environmental economics, this book focuses on the economic principles related to the extraction and management of natural resources like forests, water, and minerals. It's valuable for gaining a broader understanding of the resource half of environmental and resource economics.
Considered a classic in the field, this book provides a foundational theoretical analysis of environmental policy, particularly focusing on externalities. While older, its rigorous treatment of core concepts remains highly relevant for graduate students and researchers. It's more valuable for its theoretical depth than as a source of recent data or contemporary issues.
Explores the intersection of behavioral economics and environmental issues, examining how human behavior influences environmental outcomes and policy effectiveness. It's a valuable resource for those interested in a more nuanced understanding of individual and group responses to environmental challenges and policies.
This highly influential and controversial book used system dynamics modeling to project the consequences of exponential growth on a finite planet. While its specific predictions have been debated, it remains a classic for highlighting the potential for environmental and societal collapse under continued growth. It's essential reading for understanding the historical context of environmental concerns in economics.
This textbook provides a comprehensive introduction to the principles of natural resource economics, including topics such as the economics of renewable and non-renewable resources, environmental externalities, and the role of government in managing natural resources. It valuable resource for students and professionals in the field.
Provides practical guidance on Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) using real-world case studies from various continents. It illustrates how IWRM principles have been applied to meet sustainable development goals at different scales, offering valuable lessons for policymakers and practitioners. This book is particularly useful for understanding the practical application of water management concepts.
This textbook examines water sustainability from a global perspective, integrating both the physical and human aspects of water resources. It covers challenges such as population growth, pollution, climate change, and discusses potential solutions. is suitable for students seeking a broad understanding of water sustainability issues worldwide.
This guide provides updated information on the design of wastewater treatment facilities, covering process selection, equipment sizing, site layout, and automation. It includes examples and real-world case studies, making it a key reference for engineers and professionals involved in wastewater infrastructure design.
Explores humanity's complex relationship with water and the global water crisis in an engaging and accessible way. It highlights coming issues in water, including the impacts of climate change, and emphasizes the need for appreciation, respect, and smart use of this resource. This book provides a broad understanding of the global water situation and its future challenges.
Explores the positive side of conflict and shows how it can be used to improve workplaces and relationships. It is written by William Ury, who is one of the world's leading experts on conflict resolution.
Provides a comprehensive overview of the economic principles that underlie the management of natural resources and the environment, including topics such as the economics of pollution, climate change, and the sustainable economy. It valuable resource for students and professionals in the field.
This textbook provides a comprehensive overview of the economic principles that underlie the management of natural resources, including topics such as the economics of property rights, market failures, and the role of government in managing natural resources. It valuable resource for students and professionals in the field.
Introduces the concept of nonviolent communication, which way of communicating that is based on empathy and respect. It is written by Marshall Rosenberg, who is one of the world's leading experts on nonviolent communication.
Provides a practical guide to conflict resolution in the workplace for managers. It is written by three of the world's leading experts on conflict resolution and great resource for managers who want to learn more about how to resolve conflicts in the workplace.
Considered a definitive work on the water crisis in the American West, this book delves into the complex history and politics surrounding water resource development. It provides a critical perspective on the challenges of water management in an arid region, highlighting the historical context and political forces that have shaped water use. is valuable for understanding the historical and political dimensions of water management.
Examines the policy and governance aspects of water resources management. It explores different approaches to water management, considering social, economic, and environmental factors. This book is essential for understanding the decision-making processes and policy instruments that shape water management outcomes.
Frames the global water challenges and highlights how conservation and efficiency improvements can help meet water needs. It makes a case for a water ethic that prioritizes the preservation of freshwater ecosystems. This book is valuable for understanding the importance of conservation and ethical considerations in water management.
This concise book offers a brief and accessible overview of the core concepts in environmental economics. It's an excellent starting point for anyone looking for a quick introduction to the subject before committing to more in-depth texts. Ideal for high school students or those with limited time.
A foundational text in natural resource economics, this book challenges the idea of increasing resource scarcity due to technological advancements and substitution. While dated, it's a classic for understanding the historical debate on resource limits and is relevant for students interested in the evolution of thought in the field. It provides important background for contemporary discussions on sustainability.
Focuses on the legal and governance aspects of water resources management in the context of sustainability. It analyzes how legal arrangements have evolved and how they can be structured to achieve sustainable water use. This key resource for understanding the legal and institutional challenges in water management.
This textbook focuses on the interaction between hydrological processes and environmental systems. It foundational text for understanding the movement and distribution of water in the environment, which is essential for effective water management. is commonly used in environmental science and engineering programs.
Provides a global perspective on the evolution of water law and policy, examining how water governance has changed over time and in different places. It explores the interrelation between culture, religion, government, and law in water management. This must-read for those interested in the historical and political foundations of water governance.
Focuses on the principles and practices of developing sustainable urban water systems. It addresses the unique challenges of managing water in urban environments, including supply, demand, wastewater, and stormwater. This valuable resource for understanding water management in the context of increasing urbanization.
Is essential for understanding hydrology with a focus on floodplain management and flood control. It covers flood frequency analysis, hydrologic modeling, and floodplain delineation techniques, including case studies. This valuable resource for professionals and students dealing with flood risk and management.
Offers a fresh perspective on water issues in the Western United States, examining not just conflicts but also the history of collaboration in water management. It provides insights into how water has been managed to allow cities and people to thrive in an arid region. This book is valuable for understanding the social and political dynamics of water management.
Offers a clear and accessible introduction to the processes involved in drinking water and wastewater treatment, specifically designed for those without an engineering background. It covers basic unit processes, their function, and the equipment used, explaining how they fit together in a treatment system. This is an excellent resource for gaining a broad understanding of a key component of water management without getting bogged down in complex technical details.
Provides a comprehensive overview of the main theories in political theory, including liberalism, conservatism, socialism, and anarchism.
Although primarily a work of military strategy, this ancient Chinese text provides insights into the nature of conflict and how to resolve it. It is written by Sun Tzu, who is one of the world's leading experts on military strategy.
Provides a framework for having crucial conversations in a constructive way. It is written by four of the world's leading experts on conflict resolution and has been translated into more than 20 languages.
Provides a comprehensive overview of the main concepts and themes in public policy, including the policy-making process, the role of different actors, and the evaluation of policy outcomes.
Provides a comprehensive overview of the American political system, including the Constitution, the different branches of government, and the policy-making process.

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