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Flemming Jappe Frandsen

The basic idea behind this MOOC, is to present recent data on fuel characterization, slagging, fouling, corrosion, and trace element transformations, in a course that can be readily provided for students and industry people.

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The basic idea behind this MOOC, is to present recent data on fuel characterization, slagging, fouling, corrosion, and trace element transformations, in a course that can be readily provided for students and industry people.

This ensures understanding and application of the research, and provides the students and industry with a forum for discussion of the very latest research results, as well as feedback from industry to the research group at DTU, on important new research subjects in the field.

The specific aim of the MOOC, is that students will be able to;

Explain basic physical and chemical differences between solid fuels like coal, biomass, waste etc., be able to characterize solid fuels, and to interpret fuel analyses of them

Interpret and utilize data from advanced fuel and ash analyses (SEM, DTA/TGA, chemical fractionation, ash melting temperatures)

Describe chemically and physically, how critical ash-forming elements are released to the gas phase, the mechanisms for formation of aerosols and fly ash particles, and explain how ash is transported from bulk gas to heat transfer surfaces

Quantify the processes of deposit build-up, sintering and shedding

Explain the fundamentals of high-temperature corrosion in thermal fuel conversion systems

Can calculate viscosities as a function of temperature and composition, temperature profiles in a deposit, rates of deposit build-up and sintering, as well as porosity changes vs. time.

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What's inside

Syllabus

Brief MOOC Introduction and Incitement for Following This
This module will introduce the basic content of the course to the student.
Fuel and Ash Chemistry and Characterization
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Module 2 (Fuel and Ash Chemistry and Characterization) is subdivided into 7 lessons, dealing with fuel and ash characterization, and is meant as an introduction to different techniques, applied to characterize fuels or ash samples. Both simple techniques like proximate and ultimate analyses, but also advanced techniques like Simultaneous Thermal Analysis (STA) analysis of ash fusion and Scanning Electron Microcospy (SEM), are introduced. There is also included an introduction to online fuel databases.
Release of Critical Ash-Forming Elements
This module gives an introduction to how critical ash-forming elements like K, S, and Cl, but also Na, Zn and Pb, are released from fuels, during thermal conversion.Module 3 (Release of Critical Ash-Forming Elements) deals with release of critical ash-forming elements, mainly K, S and Cl, but also Na, Zn, and Pb. The module has four lessons and deal with both fixed-bed and entrained flow release quantification. Further, there is a thorough introduction to K-release from K-Ca-P-rich ashes.
Formation of Fly Ash and Aerosols
As soon as the critical ash-forming elements have been released to the gas, formation of fly ash and aerosols begin, which is the subject of Module 4 (Formation of Fly Ash and Aerosols). This module is subdivided into 5 lessons, introducing both fundamental and detailed physical aspects of residual fly ash formation, as well as formation of and harmful health effects of combustion-derived aerosols. Finally, there is a thorough introduction to the pioneering Danish full.scale aerosol formation studies at Haslev respectively Slagelse CHP.
Transport and Adhesion of Ash Particles
Next natural step in the chain of events leading to troublesome deposit formation is the transport and adhesion of ash species (gases, aerosols and particles), which is the subject of Module 5 (Transport and Adhesion of Ash Particles), thoroughly addressing both important transport mechanisms like diffusion, thermophoresis and inertial impaction, as well as mechanisms of adhesion and different criteria for sticking of ash species.
Deposit Build-Up, Consolidation and Shedding
As soon as the ash species stick to the surface of the deposit, a build-up, consolidation and shedding of deposit begins. These are extremely complex, interaction phenomena, involving both physical and chemical aspects. This is the subject of Module 6 (Deposit Build-Up, Consolidation and Shedding), which also covers practical experiences in performing deposit measurements in full-scale.
High-Temperature Cl-Corrosion
One of the consequences of deposit formation is the possible chemical interaction between the deposit and the heat transfer tube, better known as corrosion, which is outlined in Module 7 (High-Temperature Cl-Corrosion), based on several years of research in this field at our Department at DTU. Aspects of corrosion underneath deposits formed in biomass- as well as waste-fired units are covered in details.
Use of additives to Minimize Deposit Formation and High-Temperature Corrosion
There are a number of ways to minimize corrosion, aerosol and ash deposit formation in boilers, one of them being the use of additives to affect the chemistry in the freeboard of the boiler, thereby minimizing e.g. the concentration of Cl in the inner layers of the deposit, or, minimizing the mass loading of aerosols and thereby the environmental impact of these. This has for years been a major research activity at DTU and Module 8 (Use of additives to Minimize Deposit Formation and High-Temperature Corrosion) therefore deals with the application of additives, both the classical Al-Si- and the more sophisticated S-based additives.
Danish Case-Studies on Ash and Deposit Formation
Finally, Module 9 (Danish Case-Studies on Ash and Deposit Formation) in this MOOC deals with Danish case studies of ash and deposit formation in utility boilers. The module covers three classical cases from dedicated straw-fired grate units: the Haslev/Slagelse, Rudkøbing and Masnedø CHPs. After this, an introduction to the MKS1 demoprogramme on co-firing of coal and straw in pc-fired units follow, this campaign marked a progressive step toward the ultimative shift from pure biomass-firing in grate units, to biodust-firing in pf-units. The last two lessons in this module covers biodust-firing at the Avedøre Power Station, with special focus on aerosol and deposit formation and chemistry, with and without the use of coal fly ash as an additive.

Good to know

Know what's good
, what to watch for
, and possible dealbreakers
Explores solid fuel characterization, emphasizing key industry applications
Taught by Flemming Jappe Frandsen, a recognized researcher in fuel conversion systems
Develops understanding of deposit formation, minimizing corrosion and environmental impact
Provides a comprehensive overview of fuel chemistry, combustion, and emissions
Requires background knowledge in fuel science or combustion engineering
Some concepts may be too advanced for beginners

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Reviews summary

In-depth ash management learning

Learners say this course offers an exhaustive and informative look at the operational challenges of ash utilization in energy production. Students are especially pleased with the depth and clarity of the course's materials, as well as the engaging communication by the instructor. Quizzes provide opportunities for students to test their knowledge.
Engaging and clear communication
"What an interesting course. I enjoyed every bit of it."
"The slides quality was phenomenal and the voice pitch was so communicative."
Regular quizzes help test understanding
"specific quizzes"
"some mistakes in quise questions which make studiing more difficult"
"For stars because of some mistakes in quise questions ..."
Comprehensive coverage of ash utilization challenges
"Very informative and exhaustive course"
"deep knowledge, clear explanations"
"Excellent course! ... a lot of information to learn about, wide industry view."

Activities

Be better prepared before your course. Deepen your understanding during and after it. Supplement your coursework and achieve mastery of the topics covered in Ash-Related Operational Challenges in Energy Utilization of Sustainable Fuels with these activities:
Organize and Summarize Course Materials
Consolidate lecture notes, assignments, quizzes, and exams into a comprehensive and organized resource, facilitating efficient review and retention of course material.
Show steps
  • Review all course materials, ensuring nothing is overlooked.
  • Create a logical organizational structure for the materials.
  • Condense and summarize key concepts and findings from each material.
  • Produce a comprehensive document or digital compilation for easy reference.
Review Advanced Physical Chemistry
Review background knowledge by going through advanced physical chemistry materials to refresh your understanding of principles and concepts.
Show steps
  • Review key concepts from the previous course, such as thermodynamics, kinetics, and quantum mechanics.
  • Solve practice problems to test your understanding of the material.
  • Create a study guide or summary of the key concepts.
Review of Thermodynamics and Mass Transfer
Refresh foundational knowledge in thermodynamics and mass transfer, strengthening understanding of concepts related to fuel conversion and ash behavior.
Browse courses on Thermodynamics
Show steps
  • Review key concepts of thermodynamics, such as laws of thermodynamics, enthalpy, and entropy.
  • Recall principles of mass transfer, including diffusion, convection, and particle transport.
  • Relate these concepts to the processes of fuel combustion and ash formation.
Nine other activities
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Show all 12 activities
Ash Release Calculations
Practice calculations to determine the release of critical ash-forming elements from fuels, reinforcing understanding of fuel chemistry and ash formation processes.
Show steps
  • Review lecture materials on ash release mechanisms.
  • Identify critical ash-forming elements for a given fuel.
  • Apply appropriate formulas and techniques to calculate ash release.
  • Compare calculated values to experimental data or industry benchmarks.
Solve Examples in Lessons
Solve examples in every lesson related to fuel characterization to improve your understanding.
Show steps
  • Read the lesson material on fuel characterization.
  • Identify the key concepts and equations in the lesson.
  • Solve the example problems provided in the lesson.
  • Check your answers against the provided solutions.
Discussion on Ash Deposition in Heat Exchangers
Engage in peer discussions to exchange knowledge and perspectives on ash deposition mechanisms, factors affecting deposition, and strategies for mitigation.
Browse courses on Corrosion
Show steps
  • Prepare by reading relevant course materials and collecting questions.
  • Join a peer session or study group.
  • Present key concepts and engage in discussions on ash deposition.
  • Listen to and consider different viewpoints, share experiences, and collectively enhance understanding.
Corrosion Rate Calculations
Practice calculating corrosion rates in high-temperature environments, applying electrochemical principles to assess the impact of temperature, ash composition, and operating conditions on corrosion severity.
Browse courses on Corrosion
Show steps
  • Review electrochemical principles and corrosion mechanisms.
  • Identify key factors influencing corrosion rates in power plant environments.
  • Apply appropriate formulas and techniques to calculate corrosion rates.
  • Interpret and analyze calculated corrosion rates to predict potential risks and develop mitigation strategies.
Advanced SEM Analysis for Ash Characterization
Delve into advanced Scanning Electron Microscopy techniques for ash characterization, enhancing understanding of ash morphology, composition, and particle size distribution.
Show steps
  • Explore online tutorials or seek guidance from experts on SEM analysis.
  • Prepare ash samples and optimize SEM settings for high-resolution imaging.
  • Use software tools to analyze and interpret SEM images, identifying ash particles, quantifying their size, and determining their elemental composition.
  • Apply knowledge gained to real-world ash samples from boilers or combustion processes.
Estimate Viscosity
Strengthen your problem-solving skills by estimating the viscosity of deposits in various scenarios.
Show steps
  • Review the concepts of viscosity and its relationship to deposit formation.
  • Gather data on the composition and temperature of the deposit.
  • Apply appropriate equations and models to estimate the viscosity.
  • Compare your results with experimental data or literature values.
Discuss Corrosion Mechanisms
Deepen your understanding of corrosion mechanisms in thermal fuel conversion systems through peer discussions.
Show steps
  • Form a study group with classmates.
  • Choose a specific aspect of high-temperature corrosion to focus on.
  • Research and gather information on the topic.
  • Meet with your group to discuss your findings.
Case Study on Boiler Fouling
Develop an in-depth case study on boiler fouling, integrating knowledge of deposit formation, transport, and corrosion to analyze real-world scenarios and propose solutions.
Browse courses on Corrosion
Show steps
  • Gather data and conduct interviews with industry professionals or researchers.
  • Analyze boiler operating conditions, fuel characteristics, and ash chemistry.
  • Identify the type and extent of fouling present.
  • Develop recommendations for mitigating or preventing the fouling issue.
  • Present findings in a written report or presentation.
Symposium on Advanced Coal Combustion Technologies
Attend a workshop or symposium focused on cutting-edge coal combustion technologies, gaining insights into real-world challenges, emerging solutions, and industry best practices.
Browse courses on Corrosion
Show steps
  • Research and identify relevant workshops or symposiums.
  • Attend the event and actively participate in sessions.
  • Engage with experts, ask questions, and gather valuable information.
  • Summarize key takeaways and apply insights to enhance understanding of the course material.

Career center

Learners who complete Ash-Related Operational Challenges in Energy Utilization of Sustainable Fuels will develop knowledge and skills that may be useful to these careers:
Professor
Professors teach and conduct research at universities. This course may be useful for Professors who are interested in the chemical and physical processes involved in fuel utilization. This knowledge can help Professors develop new teaching materials and research projects that can advance the field of fuel utilization.
Mechanical Engineer
Mechanical Engineers design, build, and operate mechanical systems. They also troubleshoot and maintain these systems. This course may be useful for Mechanical Engineers because it provides a comprehensive overview of the chemical and physical processes involved in fuel utilization. This knowledge can help Mechanical Engineers design and operate systems that are more efficient and less polluting.
Process Engineer
Process Engineers design, build, and operate processes. They also troubleshoot and maintain these processes. This course may be useful for Process Engineers because it provides a comprehensive overview of the chemical and physical processes involved in fuel utilization. This knowledge can help Process Engineers design and operate processes that are more efficient and less polluting.
Power Plant Engineer
Power Plant Engineers design, build, and operate power plants. They also troubleshoot and maintain these plants. This course may be useful for Power Plant Engineers because it provides a comprehensive overview of the chemical and physical processes involved in fuel utilization. This knowledge can help Power Plant Engineers design and operate power plants that are more efficient and less polluting.
Materials Scientist
Materials Scientists research and develop new materials. They also test and evaluate materials. This course may be useful for Materials Scientists because it provides a comprehensive overview of the chemical and physical processes involved in fuel utilization. This knowledge can help Materials Scientists develop new materials that are more resistant to the effects of fuel combustion.
Chemical Engineer
Chemical Engineers design, build, and operate chemical plants. They also troubleshoot and maintain these plants. This course may be useful for Chemical Engineers because it provides a comprehensive overview of the chemical and physical processes involved in fuel utilization. This knowledge can help Chemical Engineers design and operate plants that are more efficient and less polluting.
Environmental Engineer
Environmental Engineers design, build, and operate systems to protect the environment. They also troubleshoot and maintain these systems. This course may be useful for Environmental Engineers because it provides a comprehensive overview of the chemical and physical processes involved in fuel utilization. This knowledge can help Environmental Engineers design and operate systems that are more efficient and less polluting.
Technical Writer
Technical Writers write about technical topics for a variety of audiences. This course may be useful for Technical Writers who are interested in writing about the chemical and physical processes involved in fuel utilization. This knowledge can help Technical Writers produce accurate and informative documents that can help people understand this complex topic.
Science Writer
Science Writers write about science for a variety of audiences. This course may be useful for Science Writers who are interested in writing about the chemical and physical processes involved in fuel utilization. This knowledge can help Science Writers produce accurate and informative articles that can educate the public about this important topic.
Research Scientist
Research Scientists conduct research on a variety of topics. This course may be useful for Research Scientists who are interested in the chemical and physical processes involved in fuel utilization. This knowledge can help Research Scientists develop new technologies that can improve the efficiency and reduce the environmental impact of fuel utilization.
Energy Policy Analyst
Energy Policy Analysts analyze energy policies and make recommendations on how to improve them. This course may be useful for Energy Policy Analysts who are interested in developing policies that can promote the efficient and environmentally friendly use of fuels. This knowledge can help Energy Policy Analysts make informed decisions that can benefit society.
Energy Economist
Energy Economists study the economic aspects of energy production, distribution, and consumption. This course may be useful for Energy Economists who are interested in understanding the economic implications of different fuel utilization technologies. This knowledge can help Energy Economists make informed decisions that can benefit society.
Combustion Engineer
Combustion Engineers design, build, and operate combustion systems, such as boilers, furnaces, and engines. They also troubleshoot and maintain these systems. This course may be useful for Combustion Engineers because it provides a comprehensive overview of the chemical and physical processes involved in fuel utilization. This knowledge can help Combustion Engineers design and operate systems that are more efficient and less polluting.
Boiler Operator
Boiler Operators operate and maintain boilers. They also troubleshoot and repair boilers. This course may be useful for Boiler Operators because it provides a comprehensive overview of the chemical and physical processes involved in fuel utilization. This knowledge can help Boiler Operators operate and maintain boilers more efficiently and safely.
Furnace Operator
Furnace Operators operate and maintain furnaces. They also troubleshoot and repair furnaces. This course may be useful for Furnace Operators because it provides a comprehensive overview of the chemical and physical processes involved in fuel utilization. This knowledge can help Furnace Operators operate and maintain furnaces more efficiently and safely.

Reading list

We've selected six books that we think will supplement your learning. Use these to develop background knowledge, enrich your coursework, and gain a deeper understanding of the topics covered in Ash-Related Operational Challenges in Energy Utilization of Sustainable Fuels.
A comprehensive reference on ash deposition and corrosion in coal-fired boilers. Provides detailed information on the formation, characterization, and deposition of ash, as well as the corrosion mechanisms involved. Useful as a reference for engineers and researchers working in the field of coal combustion.
A comprehensive overview of biomass combustion and co-firing. Covers the fundamentals of biomass combustion, including fuel characterization, combustion chemistry, and pollutant formation. Also discusses co-firing of biomass with coal and other fuels.
A comprehensive reference on biomass combustion and co-firing. Covers the fundamentals of biomass combustion, including fuel properties, combustion chemistry, and pollutant formation. Also discusses co-firing of biomass with coal and other fuels.
A comprehensive reference on fossil fuel combustion and air pollution. Covers the fundamentals of fossil fuel combustion, including fuel properties, combustion chemistry, and pollutant formation. Also discusses air pollution control technologies.
A comprehensive overview of combustion engineering and fuel technology. Covers the fundamentals of combustion, including fuel properties, combustion chemistry, and pollutant formation. Also discusses combustion equipment and systems.
A comprehensive overview of the fundamentals of incineration. Covers the combustion chemistry of waste materials, including waste characterization, combustion processes, and pollutant formation. Also discusses incineration technologies and emissions control.

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