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Pedro García Martín

La conciencia del paisaje nace con la visión civilizada del mundo. El concepto comienza a acuñarse a partir del humanismo y supone un descubrimiento cultural para Europa y para el resto de los continentes. En nuestro recorrido por la historia del paisaje nos movemos desde el Renacimiento, cuando los humanistas descubren el paisaje en filología y pintura, hasta el impresionismo y demás vanguardias, en las que se deconstruye la imagen en el lienzo para que luego el espectador la reconstruya en su retina.

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La conciencia del paisaje nace con la visión civilizada del mundo. El concepto comienza a acuñarse a partir del humanismo y supone un descubrimiento cultural para Europa y para el resto de los continentes. En nuestro recorrido por la historia del paisaje nos movemos desde el Renacimiento, cuando los humanistas descubren el paisaje en filología y pintura, hasta el impresionismo y demás vanguardias, en las que se deconstruye la imagen en el lienzo para que luego el espectador la reconstruya en su retina.

Como metodología para analizar el paisaje proponemos su percepción a través de los cinco sentidos. Para ello tomamos como referente la clásica adscripción aristotélica: la vista, al conocimiento del entorno que nos rodea; el oído, a la música; el gusto, a la alimentación y la gastronomía; el olfato, a la botánica y la perfumería; y el tacto, al amor carnal.

También realizamos un recorrido desde el paisaje ideal que era el Paraíso celestial hasta el paisaje real que es el Paraíso terrenal. En todas las culturas hallemos la nostalgia del Paraíso perdido. De ahí también que ese se, una alegoría de la belleza y la felicidad, por lo que los jardines vienen a ser Paraísos a escala humana.

En la percepción espacial de los pueblos de la época preindustrial, distinguiremos una división entre mundo culto , en el sentido de cultivado (paisaje agropastoril, el paisaje urbano y los jardines) y mundo inculto , más o menos incontaminado (el mar, el desierto y la montaña).

Durante miles de años los seres humanos tuvimos una visión frontal del espacio. El caminante, el marino y el jinete miraban hacia la línea del horizonte. Su punto de partida quedaba atrás; su meta, de frente. Esta mirada tradicional empezó a modificarse en la Europa del Siglo de las Luces. El globo de los hermanos Montgolfier permitió contemplar Versalles a cien metros de altura sobre el suelo. La diligencia, que prestaba el servicio de transporte entre ciudades invitó a los pasajeros a divisar los campos a través de sus ventanillas. Ambos vehículos, el aerostático y el carretero, fueron precursores de una nueva percepción del paisaje.

Esta revolución visual llegó con el ferrocarril en plena Revolución Industrial, pues cambió la mirada humana, la cual pasó de ser frontal a lateral y cinética. Ese paisaje enmarcado en el cristal reforzó el modo de exposición de los cuadros en las pinacotecas. Las ventanillas eran a la vez lienzo y marco de la naturaleza que pasaba por delante de los ojos del viajero. Y, lo más importante, anticipó el lenguaje de los fotogramas del cine y de las viñetas de los cómics.

La percepción contemporánea pasó a ser la del paisaje vertical. Desde la invención de la aviación y el submarino cada vez más miramos a los espacios siderales y a los fondos marinos. El último giro lo estamos viviendo en la época de Internet, donde percibimos los paisajes verticales a través de las pantallas.

What's inside

Learning objectives

  • Recrear la historia del paisaje.
  • Aprender a percibirlo por los cinco sentidos.
  • Conocer las imágenes (fotos, obras de arte, etc.) que han representado el paisaje.
  • Repasar textos que han descrito el paisaje.
  • Enseñar métodos de análisis del paisaje.

Good to know

Know what's good
, what to watch for
, and possible dealbreakers
Estudios multidisciplinares exploran la percepción del paisaje, sus representaciones artísticas y su evolución a lo largo del tiempo
Impartido por expertos en historia del arte, este curso ofrece una perspectiva sólida sobre la representación del paisaje en diversas culturas y épocas
Abarca una amplia gama de temas, desde la percepción sensorial hasta la evolución del concepto de paisaje, brindando una comprensión integral

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Activities

Be better prepared before your course. Deepen your understanding during and after it. Supplement your coursework and achieve mastery of the topics covered in La percepción del paisaje with these activities:
Revisit Core Concepts of Visual Perception
Start by re-examining the basic elements of visual perception, including shape, color, texture, and motion.
Browse courses on Visual Perception
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  • Review key texts and articles on visual perception
  • Attend a workshop or lecture on visual perception
  • Practice identifying and describing visual elements in real-world images
Compile your materials
Compile course materials for easy access and review throughout the course.
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  • Gather all course materials
  • Organize materials by topic
  • Create a digital and physical filing system
Read 'Landscape and Memory' by Simon Schama
Gain valuable insights into the cultural, historical, and emotional dimensions of landscape by reading this acclaimed work by Simon Schama.
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  • Read and analyze the book's main arguments and perspectives
  • Identify key examples and case studies that illustrate the concepts discussed in the book
  • Reflect on how the book's ideas relate to your own experiences and understanding of landscapes
One other activity
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Develop a Landscape Photography Portfolio
Apply your knowledge of landscape perception to create your own portfolio of landscape photographs that capture the essence of different environments.
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  • Identify a specific theme or concept to guide your photography
  • Scout potential locations and study the landscape
  • Capture high-quality photographs using appropriate camera settings and techniques
  • Edit and process your images to enhance their visual impact
  • Curate and present your portfolio to showcase your unique perspective on landscapes

Career center

Learners who complete La percepción del paisaje will develop knowledge and skills that may be useful to these careers:
Landscape Architect
Landscape Architects design outdoor spaces, such as parks, gardens, and campuses. They use their knowledge of plants, soil, and climate to create functional and aesthetically pleasing landscapes. This course would be helpful for Landscape Architects as it provides a history of landscape design, as well as methods for analyzing and perceiving landscapes. The course would also help Landscape Architects to understand the different ways that people experience and interact with landscapes.
Urban Planner
Urban Planners develop plans for the use of land in urban areas. They consider factors such as population growth, economic development, and environmental sustainability. This course would be helpful for Urban Planners as it provides a history of landscape design, as well as methods for analyzing and perceiving landscapes. The course would also help Urban Planners to understand the different ways that people experience and interact with landscapes.
Geographer
Geographers study the Earth's surface and its human and natural features. This course would be helpful for Geographers as it provides a history of landscape design, as well as methods for analyzing and perceiving landscapes. The course would also help Geographers to understand the different ways that people experience and interact with landscapes.
Environmental Scientist
Environmental Scientists study the environment and its components, and develop solutions to environmental problems. This course would be helpful for Environmental Scientists as it provides a history of landscape design, as well as methods for analyzing and perceiving landscapes. The course would also help Environmental Scientists to understand the different ways that people experience and interact with landscapes.
Landscape Designer
Landscape Designers design outdoor spaces, such as gardens, parks, and campuses. This course would be helpful for Landscape Designers as it provides a history of landscape design, as well as methods for analyzing and perceiving landscapes. The course would also help Landscape Designers to understand the different ways that people experience and interact with landscapes.
Art historian
Art Historians study the history of art and its impact on society. This course would be helpful for Art Historians as it provides a history of landscape design, as well as methods for analyzing and perceiving landscapes. The course would also help Art Historians to understand the different ways that people have experienced and interacted with landscapes through art.
Architect
Architects design buildings and other structures. This course would be helpful for Architects as it provides a history of landscape design, as well as methods for analyzing and perceiving landscapes. The course would also help Architects to understand the different ways that people experience and interact with landscapes.
Photographer
Photographers use cameras to capture images of people, places, and things. This course would be helpful for Photographers as it provides a history of landscape design, as well as methods for analyzing and perceiving landscapes. The course would also help Photographers to understand the different ways that people experience and interact with landscapes through photography.
Historian
Historians study the past and its impact on the present. This course would be helpful for Historians as it provides a history of landscape design, as well as methods for analyzing and perceiving landscapes. The course would also help Historians to understand the different ways that people have experienced and interacted with landscapes throughout history.
Curator
Curators are responsible for the care and display of museum collections. This course would be helpful for Curators as it provides a history of landscape design, as well as methods for analyzing and perceiving landscapes. The course would also help Curators to understand the different ways that people experience and interact with landscapes through museum collections.
Consultant
Consultants provide advice and guidance to clients on a variety of topics. This course would be helpful for Consultants as it provides a history of landscape design, as well as methods for analyzing and perceiving landscapes.
Teacher
Teachers educate students in a variety of subjects. This course would be helpful for Teachers as it provides a history of landscape design, as well as methods for analyzing and perceiving landscapes.
Researcher
Researchers conduct studies to gather data and information. This course would be helpful for Researchers as it provides a history of landscape design, as well as methods for analyzing and perceiving landscapes.
Writer
Writers create written content, such as books, articles, and scripts. This course would be helpful for Writers as it provides a history of landscape design, as well as methods for analyzing and perceiving landscapes.
Entrepreneur
Entrepreneurs start and run their own businesses. This course may be helpful for Entrepreneurs as it provides a history of landscape design, as well as methods for analyzing and perceiving landscapes.

Reading list

We've selected seven books that we think will supplement your learning. Use these to develop background knowledge, enrich your coursework, and gain a deeper understanding of the topics covered in La percepción del paisaje.
Esta obra clásica de urbanismo analiza la forma en que las personas perciben y navegan por los entornos urbanos. Proporciona un marco para comprender la legibilidad y la orientación del paisaje urbano.
Este libro examina la forma en que el paisaje está relacionado con la política. Analiza la forma en que el poder y la ideología pueden dar forma al paisaje y viceversa.
Este libro examina la representación del paisaje en la literatura. Analiza la forma en que los escritores han utilizado el paisaje para crear significado y transmitir ideas.
Esta obra de sociología rural analiza la forma en que el paisaje rural ha sido moldeado por la agricultura, la cultura y la política. Ofrece una comprensión de los cambios históricos en el paisaje rural y sus implicaciones sociales.
Este libro proporciona una historia completa del jardín inglés, desde sus orígenes en el siglo XVIII hasta su influencia en el diseño de paisajes en todo el mundo. Ofrece información sobre los diferentes estilos de jardines y su papel en la cultura y la sociedad.
Este libro explora la relación entre el paisaje y la religión. Analiza la forma en que los diferentes sistemas de creencias han influido en la percepción y el uso del paisaje.
Este libro explora el papel de la industria en la configuración de los paisajes. Analiza la forma en que las fábricas, las minas y otras estructuras industriales han influido en nuestra percepción y experiencia del entorno.

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