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Dr. Thomas Reiter

The course provides an overview of European activities in the field of astronautical and robotic exploration. In the context of ESA's exploration strategy "Terrae Novae", scientific goals for the exploration of the Moon and Mars, technological challenges, potential commercial opportunities in the field of exploration, as well as physiological aspects of long-term astronautical missions in low Earth orbit and beyond will be considered.

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The course provides an overview of European activities in the field of astronautical and robotic exploration. In the context of ESA's exploration strategy "Terrae Novae", scientific goals for the exploration of the Moon and Mars, technological challenges, potential commercial opportunities in the field of exploration, as well as physiological aspects of long-term astronautical missions in low Earth orbit and beyond will be considered.

The modules of the course cover the following topics:

• Introduction to Space Exploration

• European Exploration Strategy: TERRAE NOVAE

• Earth-Moon Transportation Architectures

• ISRU – Enabling sustainable space exploration

• Earth`s Moon: the “planet next door”

• Current Status of Mars Missions and Research

• Commercialisation: ESA approach for stimulating the growth of an in-space economy

• Medical Aspects of Long-term Spaceflight

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What's inside

Syllabus

Introduction to Space Exploration
Exploring our solar system is about expanding the boundaries of our understanding and specifically finding the proof that life might have emerged on other planets. We are witnessing a decade in which humans will return to the surface of the Moon to prepare for a sustainable presence, with a strong and visible role for Europe. We might eventually find evidence of past or current life on our neighboring planet Mars. This course gives an insight into strategic, scientific and technological activities related to these two destinations.
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European Exploration Strategy
In this module, the context of the European Space Agency exploration activities will be introduced, including the drivers and reasons for exploration. You will learn about the international context of space exploration, ESA’s strategic objectives and current strategy, and the programmatic framework of Terrae Novae (ESA’s European Exploration Envelope programme). We will also look at the future evolution of the European strategy and programme.
Earth-Moon Transportation Architectures
This module consists of three parts covering the following topics: 1. Principles - Why is the Moon important, and what are “basic principles”? The Moon’s role as a gateway into the solar system is a consequence of celestial mechanics and the current state of engineering. Given the need to “stage”, i.e., to split a space transportation system into different phases, in between which the vehicles are ejected, refilled, combined, or otherwise re-configured, the rocket equation and achievable performance in structure and propulsion systems of the vehicle determine the achievable benefit. We discuss how to apply basic principles and why they are also important in the end-to-end development of an architecture. 2. Destinations - What is the strategic high ground in cis-lunar space, and how do we get there? The gravitational field of the Earth-Moon system offers a rather complex playing field for the optimization of launch windows, transfers, and staging strategies. We investigate several key points in this gravitational field: LEO, LLO, and Earth-Moon libration points. 3. Programmes - How do current architectures perform, and what can Europe contribute? How do existing capabilities (Ariane 6, SLS, Starship) perform within an Earth-Moon exploration architecture? We compare the approaches and performances in a meaningful manner. We find that Europe can do more in the frame of international Moon exploration initiatives, if basic principles are properly applied and combined with programmatic knowledge.
ISRU - Enabling sustainable space exploration
This module discusses the relevance, resources, availability, and processes of using materials found in space to enable long-term exploration of our solar system. Initially, the need for in situ resource utilization (ISRU) is highlighted and a broad introduction is given. The course then mainly focuses on how ISRU can be beneficial in the near-term exploration context with emphasis on the Moon and Mars, highlighting resources on these bodies and showcasing techniques to utilize them. Finally, more advanced applications, such as asteroid mining, and further applications, such as space based solar power, are briefly discussed.
Earth's Moon: the "planet next door"
The Moon, with the Sun, is the most prominent object in the sky and Earth’s direct neighbor. Observation has been limited to telescopes until the beginning of the age of spaceflight. 1959, the Moon was visited for the first time by a space probe, culminating ten years later in Neil Armstrong’s famous »giant leap. « Twelve astronauts walked on the lunar surface and contributed tremendously to the scientific harvest. The Apollo program was way more than a victory in a politically motivated space race. 382 kilograms of lunar rocks returned to Earth by the six successful missions, and plenty of experimental data, opened a »window to the early Solar System«. The analyses were fundamental in understanding the origin and evolution of terrestrial bodies. Many questions, though, remained unanswered, and new questions arose. Therefore, new projects, are in preparation to return to the Moon, and soon astronauts, too. There will be exciting missions in the years to come; and with it: science.
Current Status of Mars Missions and Research
This presentation provides a comprehensive chronological overview of past, ongoing, and forthcoming Mars missions, which encompass exploration through orbiters, landers, and rovers. We will delve into the current state of scientific knowledge about Mars and learn about the datasets that scientists have utilized to acquire this information. Additionally, we will take a closer look at the sample collection from the Martian surface. By exploring the past and present missions, we aim to gain insights into the progress made in our understanding of Mars and its unique features. As we peer into the future, the presentation will elucidate upcoming missions, revealing the strategic endeavors planned to further unravel the mysteries of our neighboring planet.
Commercialisation: ESA approach for stimulating the growth of an in-space economy
This module addresses the role of commercialization in delivering the ESA Space Exploration Programmes and accelerating the space exploration process in general. It is subdivided into three learning modules: Commercial Service Procurements for Space Exploration, Markets enabled by Space Exploration and Commercialisation Policy, Benefits and Risks. It provides an overview of different types of commercial procurement mechanisms, identifies markets that are impacted by Space Exploration, and explains the broader benefits and risks of commercialization. Concrete examples of ESA and NASA commercial procurement approaches are provided as well as an explanation of the broader role of Space Agencies in growing the commercial space exploration sector.
Medical Aspects of Long-term Spaceflight
Stress is regarded as the bodily response to all the physical, mental, or emotional pressures occurring in a living environment. In space, all body systems are affected by a myriad of strong stressors, summarized as the space exposome. Several studies have been performed in space and space-analogues to better understand the causal relationships between stress, stress overload and disease, and to thereby elaborate efficient personalized countermeasure strategies, with a mutual benefit for humans in space and on Earth. During future deep-space explorations to the moon or Mars, the intensity of space stressors will increase, which requires the further development of innovative mitigation strategies such as artificial gravity or hibernation.

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Introduces the European perspective on the exploration of our solar system, providing valuable insights into European space exploration strategy and activities
Provides an overview of the exploration of the Moon and Mars, encompassing the technical challenges and scientific goals associated with these missions
Examines the potential for commercial opportunities in space exploration, fostering a more robust and diverse space economy
Addresses physiological aspects of long-term astronautical missions in both LEO and beyond, exploring the challenges and impacts on human health
Covers a wide range of topics, from the principles of space exploration to commercialization strategies, addressing the various dimensions of this field
Taught by Dr. Thomas Reiter, a former astronaut with extensive experience in space exploration, providing a valuable insider perspective

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Activities

Be better prepared before your course. Deepen your understanding during and after it. Supplement your coursework and achieve mastery of the topics covered in Space Exploration with these activities:
Volunteer at a Space Exploration Center
Gain practical experience and connect with experts in the field by volunteering at a space exploration center.
Browse courses on Space Exploration
Show steps
  • Find a local space exploration center or museum that accepts volunteers.
  • Inquire about volunteer opportunities and apply.
  • Attend training sessions and learn about the center's exhibits and programs.
  • Volunteer regularly, assisting visitors and sharing your knowledge.
Form a Study Group with Classmates
Collaborate with peers to enhance your understanding, practice problem-solving, and prepare for assessments.
Show steps
  • Identify classmates who are interested in forming a study group.
  • Establish regular meeting times and a communication platform.
  • Set clear goals for each study session and assign roles or responsibilities.
  • Review course materials together, discuss concepts, and work on practice problems jointly.
Review Basic Calculus
Refresh your understanding of basic calculus concepts to strengthen your foundation for this course.
Show steps
  • Go over your notes from a previous calculus course.
  • Take practice problems from an online resource or textbook.
  • Watch video tutorials on key concepts.
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Read 'Rocket Propulsion Elements'
Gain a deeper understanding of the fundamental principles of rocket propulsion by reviewing this classic text.
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  • Read the book thoroughly, taking notes and highlighting important passages.
  • Solve the practice problems at the end of each chapter.
  • Discuss the book's concepts with classmates or online forums.
Follow Tutorials on Orbital Mechanics
Enhance your understanding of orbital mechanics through guided tutorials and simulations.
Browse courses on Orbital Mechanics
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  • Find reputable online tutorials or courses on orbital mechanics.
  • Follow the tutorials step-by-step, taking notes and running simulations.
  • Apply the concepts learned to solve practice problems.
Attend a Space Exploration Workshop
Engage with experts and learn about the latest advancements in space exploration by attending a specialized workshop.
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Show steps
  • Research upcoming space exploration workshops and conferences.
  • Apply to attend the workshop and prepare for the event.
  • Attend the workshop, actively participate in discussions, and connect with other attendees.
  • Follow up after the workshop by reviewing notes, networking with contacts, and exploring new opportunities.
Design a Mission to Mars
Apply your knowledge by designing a comprehensive mission plan for a hypothetical Mars exploration.
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  • Define the mission objectives and constraints.
  • Select and justify the spacecraft and launch vehicle.
  • Plan the trajectory and orbital insertion maneuvers.
  • Design the payload and scientific instruments.
  • Develop a contingency plan for emergencies.
Develop a Space Exploration Research Proposal
Demonstrate your ability to conduct research and articulate a compelling proposal for a space exploration project.
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  • Identify a specific research topic within the field of space exploration.
  • Conduct a literature review to gather background information and identify research gaps.
  • Develop a research question and formulate a hypothesis.
  • Design a research methodology and outline the expected outcomes.
  • Write a comprehensive research proposal, including an introduction, literature review, methodology, expected outcomes, and references.

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