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Welcome to the Approaching the Hard-to-Diagnose course—a comprehensive and case-driven program designed for clinicians, medical geneticists, and healthcare professionals ready to go beyond the basics of genetic testing. If you've ever faced uncertainty when interpreting complex genetic findings or wondered how to make sense of a VUS result, this course is for you.

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Welcome to the Approaching the Hard-to-Diagnose course—a comprehensive and case-driven program designed for clinicians, medical geneticists, and healthcare professionals ready to go beyond the basics of genetic testing. If you've ever faced uncertainty when interpreting complex genetic findings or wondered how to make sense of a VUS result, this course is for you.

We know the world of rare disease diagnosis is often filled with uncertainty. Tests come back inconclusive, and traditional methods sometimes miss what really matters. That’s why this course focuses on real-life clinical complexities that arise even after the initial sequencing is done.

In this course, you’ll explore:

  • When to choose exome vs. genome sequencing, and how to recognize their unique strengths and limitations.

  • Interpretation of deep intronic variants, CNVs, and SVs using advanced tools like SpliceAI and integrated databases.

  • How to evaluate and follow up on VUS (Variants of Uncertain Significance) with practical frameworks and ongoing care strategies.

  • Reanalysis techniques and the role of novel gene discovery, particularly in unsolved rare disease cases.

  • Emerging technologies such as long-read sequencing (LRS) and RNA-seq, and how they are transforming the field of clinical genomics.

Every session is structured around clinical case examples, designed to mirror real-world diagnostic dilemmas you’ll encounter in practice. You won’t just learn about rare disease genomics—you’ll learn how to apply that knowledge, critically think through complex results, and participate more actively in your multidisciplinary care team.

Whether you’re in pediatrics, neurology, internal medicine, or genetics, this course will sharpen your diagnostic thinking and empower you to make more confident decisions when ordering, interpreting, and following up on advanced genetic tests.

Join us, and take one step closer to delivering precision care for patients with rare and undiagnosed conditions.

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What's inside

Learning objectives

  • Understand how to choose between exome and genome testing based on clinical context and limitations.
  • Interpret complex variants such as deep intronic mutations, cnvs, and structural variants using advanced tools.
  • Evaluate and manage vus (variants of uncertain significance) with real-life decision-making strategies.
  • Apply strategies for reanalysis and novel gene discovery in unresolved cases.
  • Gain foundational knowledge of long-read sequencing and rna sequencing technologies.
  • Review advanced case examples that integrate complex variant interpretation and diagnostic strategy.
  • Build clinical confidence in tackling unsolved rare disease cases using cutting-edge genomic approaches.

Syllabus

Introduction
Course Introduction
Utility and Limitations of Exome and Genome Sequencing
Understanding limitation of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS)
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Activities

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Career center

Learners who complete Approaching the Hard-to-Diagnose will develop knowledge and skills that may be useful to these careers:

Reading list

We haven't picked any books for this reading list yet.
While delving into the statistical methodologies used in genetic epidemiology, this book provides a solid foundation for understanding the analysis and interpretation of genetic testing data, aiding in the comprehension of disease susceptibility and genetic risk assessment.
This esteemed text offers a comprehensive exploration of medical genetics, encompassing the fundamental principles and their clinical applications, including the interpretation and utilization of genetic testing results for the diagnosis and management of genetic disorders.
Providing a practical guide to genetic counseling, this book delves into the ethical, legal, and social implications of genetic testing, empowering readers to effectively communicate and support individuals and families navigating genetic testing decisions.
This comprehensive textbook provides an integrated approach to genetic analysis, encompassing both classical and modern techniques, offering a deep understanding of the principles and methods used in genetic testing.
Explores the intersection of genomics and personalized medicine, highlighting the impact of genetic testing on tailored healthcare approaches and disease prevention strategies.
Focuses on providing geneticists with the bioinformatics skills necessary for analyzing genetic testing data, enabling them to interpret and utilize genetic information effectively.
Explores the public health implications of genetic testing, discussing the ethical, legal, and social challenges, as well as the potential benefits and applications of genetic testing in public health programs.
This introductory textbook provides a foundation in bioinformatics, covering essential concepts and tools used in the analysis of biological data, including sequences. It good starting point for understanding the computational aspects relevant to genome sequencing.
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Provides a personal account of the Human Genome Project, written by one of its leaders, James D. Watson.
Provides a direct and comprehensive overview of genomes, their structure, and analysis. It is highly relevant to the topic of genome sequencing and covers various aspects of genomics. It good resource for gaining a broad understanding.
Provides a comprehensive overview of bioinformatics, with a focus on the essential concepts and methods used in the field.
This foundational text in cell and molecular biology, providing essential prerequisite knowledge for understanding genome sequencing. It covers the fundamental principles of DNA structure, function, and gene expression, which are critical for grasping the concepts in genome sequencing. It is widely used as a textbook in undergraduate and graduate programs.
Offers a comprehensive introduction to genetics, bridging Mendelian genetics with molecular discoveries. It provides a solid understanding of genes and genomes, which is directly relevant to genome sequencing. It is often used as a textbook in introductory genetics courses.
Focusing specifically on human genetics, this book delves into the molecular aspects of human genes and genomes. It is highly relevant for understanding the application of genome sequencing in human health and disease. valuable reference and is used in advanced undergraduate and graduate courses.
A classic and comprehensive textbook in molecular biology and genetics, Lewin's Genes provides in-depth coverage of gene structure, function, and regulation. While not solely focused on sequencing, it offers essential background knowledge for a deep understanding of the subject. It widely recognized reference in the field.
Is directly relevant to genome sequencing as it covers the computational methods used to analyze sequence and genome data. It is an excellent resource for understanding the bioinformatics side of genome sequencing. It serves as both a textbook and a reference for students and professionals.
This widely used introductory genetics textbook that lays the groundwork for understanding heredity and gene function. While not specifically about sequencing, it provides fundamental concepts necessary before diving into genome-level analysis. It is suitable for high school and undergraduate students.

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