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Ricardo Romero, PE

This course is part of a multi-part course series about one of the main areas of power engineering: power system protection and control. Power system protection and control ensures the reliable continuous operation of power systems and is therefore an essential area of power engineering. In this course of the multi-part course series, you will learn how to implement digital logic in protective relays. The course is divided into the following sections:

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This course is part of a multi-part course series about one of the main areas of power engineering: power system protection and control. Power system protection and control ensures the reliable continuous operation of power systems and is therefore an essential area of power engineering. In this course of the multi-part course series, you will learn how to implement digital logic in protective relays. The course is divided into the following sections:

1. Introduction to Protective Relay Logic: we will begin in section 2 of the course by introducing logic gates and how they work. We will also be discussing the order of operation of logic functions and how to develop truth tables to determine proper operation of logic schemes. We will finish the section by discussing some functions commonly used in protective relay logic: timers, latches, and edge triggers.

2. Applications of Logic in Protective Relays: having defined the fundamentals of relay logic, we will move into developing practical examples in section 3 of the course. We will be taking a look at how to build five different logic schemes: enable/disable switches, permissive tripping schemes, overcurrent blocking schemes, breaker failure schemes, and automatic reclosing schemes.

By learning how to use digital logic in power system protection and control, you will be able to continue your study of power systems for a career in power engineering and electrical engineering.

Remember that Udemy offers a 30-day money-back guarantee. I am also always available for questions while you go through the course to ensure everything is clear.

See you in the course.

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What's inside

Learning objectives

  • How to use logic gates in protective relays
  • How protective relay functions, such as timers, latches, and edge triggers work
  • How to use truth tables to determine protective relay logic operation
  • How to implement different logic schemes, such as enable/disable functions, permissive tripping schemes, breaker failure schemes, and auto reclosing schemes

Syllabus

This section is an introduction section to this power system protection course
Welcome to the Course
About Your Instructor
Outline and Objectives
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Traffic lights

Read about what's good
what should give you pause
and possible dealbreakers
Covers essential aspects of power system protection and control, which are crucial for ensuring the reliable operation of power systems
Explores the implementation of digital logic in protective relays, a fundamental skill for professionals in power engineering
Teaches how to build practical logic schemes, including permissive tripping, overcurrent blocking, and breaker failure schemes
Uses SEL protection relays in examples, which are commonly used in the power system protection industry
Requires familiarity with logic gates and truth tables, which may necessitate additional preparation for some learners

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Reviews summary

Practical protective relay logic basics

According to learners, this course provides a positive, practical introduction to implementing digital logic in power system protective relays. Students find the explanations of fundamental logic concepts like logic gates, timers, and truth tables to be clear and easy to understand, forming a solid foundation. A significant strength highlighted by many is the use of practical examples demonstrating how to apply logic to common schemes like breaker failure and auto reclosing, often referencing specific SEL relay applications. While the course effectively covers the stated objectives, a few reviewers noted it might be most beneficial if learners have some prior basic electrical or power system context, though many without extensive background still found it valuable.
Beneficial with some prior electrical context.
"While the course is good, having a basic understanding of electrical systems helps immensely with the examples."
"I came in with no prior knowledge and had to do some extra reading to fully grasp the context."
"It's well-explained, but maybe slightly challenging if you're completely new to power systems."
"The examples make more sense if you have some background in power engineering or electrical circuits."
Topics align well with listed objectives.
"The course delivered exactly what was promised in the syllabus regarding logic gates and specific schemes."
"I learned about permissive tripping and blocking schemes just as outlined, which was very useful."
"The topics on timers, latches, and edge triggers were covered thoroughly, matching the course description."
"All the key protective relay logic schemes listed in the objectives were included."
Explains basic logic concepts effectively.
"The way the instructor explained logic gates and the order of operations was very clear and easy to grasp."
"Understanding timers and latches is crucial, and this course broke it down well."
"I finally understand how truth tables work in the context of protective relaying after this module."
"It provides a good foundational understanding of the logic building blocks needed for protective relays."
Applies logic using real-world relay scenarios.
"The focus on practical examples with SEL relays is incredibly valuable for applying logic in real-world scenarios."
"I appreciated seeing how logic gates and timers are used in actual protective relay schemes like breaker failure."
"It's great to learn the theory and then immediately see it applied in practical power system protection problems."
"Using examples from SEL relays made the concepts much more tangible and relevant for my work."

Activities

Be better prepared before your course. Deepen your understanding during and after it. Supplement your coursework and achieve mastery of the topics covered in Power System Protection: Protective Relay Logic with these activities:
Review Boolean Algebra
Reviewing Boolean algebra will help you understand the underlying principles of logic gate operation and simplification, which is crucial for designing protective relay logic.
Browse courses on Boolean Algebra
Show steps
  • Study Boolean algebra laws and theorems.
  • Practice simplifying Boolean expressions.
  • Solve practice problems involving logic gates.
Read 'Protective Relaying: Principles and Applications'
Reading this book will provide a broader understanding of protective relaying principles and applications, supplementing the course material with real-world examples.
View Melania on Amazon
Show steps
  • Read the chapters related to logic and relay schemes.
  • Take notes on key concepts and examples.
  • Work through the example problems.
Create a Protective Relay Logic Cheat Sheet
Compiling a cheat sheet of logic gates, truth tables, and common protection schemes will serve as a quick reference guide for future projects and applications.
Show steps
  • Gather information on logic gates and truth tables.
  • Summarize common protection schemes and their logic implementations.
  • Organize the information in a concise and easy-to-read format.
Four other activities
Expand to see all activities and additional details
Show all seven activities
Study 'Power System Relaying'
Studying this book will provide a deeper understanding of power system relaying principles and practices, expanding on the concepts covered in the course.
Show steps
  • Read the chapters related to specific protection schemes.
  • Review the examples and case studies.
  • Compare the book's approach to the course material.
Design Logic Circuits for Protection Schemes
Practicing the design of logic circuits for different protection schemes will reinforce your understanding of how to apply logic gates in real-world scenarios.
Show steps
  • Choose a protection scheme (e.g., overcurrent, undervoltage).
  • Define the required logic functions.
  • Implement the logic using logic gates.
  • Simulate the circuit to verify its operation.
Develop a Truth Table Generator
Creating a truth table generator will solidify your understanding of truth tables and their relationship to logic gate operation.
Show steps
  • Choose a programming language (e.g., Python).
  • Implement a function to generate truth tables from logic expressions.
  • Test the generator with different logic expressions.
Simulate a Breaker Failure Scheme
Simulating a breaker failure scheme will provide hands-on experience with implementing a complex protection scheme using logic gates.
Show steps
  • Model a power system with a circuit breaker.
  • Implement the breaker failure logic using simulation software.
  • Test the scheme under different fault conditions.
  • Analyze the simulation results.

Career center

Learners who complete Power System Protection: Protective Relay Logic will develop knowledge and skills that may be useful to these careers:
System Protection Specialist
A System Protection Specialist focuses on designing, maintaining, and improving protection systems within a power grid. This course provides the foundational understanding of implementing digital logic in protective relays needed for this role. The specific skills taught in this course, such as using logic gates, truth tables, and understanding protective relay functions, are directly applicable to daily tasks. The practical examples of logic schemes, including breaker failure and automatic reclosing, are particularly relevant for ensuring reliable system protection.
Protection and Control Engineer
As a Protection and Control Engineer, you will design, develop, and maintain protection systems for electrical power grids. A major aspect of the role involves using digital logic in protective relays, which is a key focus of this course. The course helps you understand logic gates, timers, latches, and edge triggers within protective relays, all vital for designing effective protection schemes. This course helps you learn how to implement various logic schemes, such as enabling and disabling functions, permissive tripping, breaker failure, and automatic reclosing, all crucial skills for a protection and control engineer.
Relay Technician
A Relay Technician is responsible for installing, testing, and maintaining protective relays in power systems. This course provides a strong foundation in understanding the logic behind these relays. You'll learn how to use truth tables to determine relay operation and implement logic schemes. Protective relays use digital logic, and this course will help a relay technician to be able to better troubleshoot relay systems and perform logic upgrades. Learning about timers, latches, and edge triggers is also directly relevant to the practical aspects of relay maintenance and troubleshooting. The practical examples of logic schemes, like permissive tripping and breaker failure schemes, are helpful.
Power System Engineer
Power System Engineers analyze and design electrical power systems, ensuring their reliability and efficiency. Understanding protective relay logic is crucial for ensuring the stability of such systems. This includes understanding of how protective relays ensure continuous operation of power systems. This course delves into the specifics of implementing digital logic in protective relays, covering essential elements like logic gates, truth tables, and various logic schemes. The course emphasizes practical examples, like automatic reclosing, which is directly applicable to designing and improving power system protection strategies; and it can help a power systems engineer better understand this important aspect of the field.
Electrical Engineer
Electrical Engineers design, develop, and test electrical equipment and systems. This course may be useful for electrical engineers working with power systems. This role can involve designing and implementing protective relay systems using digital logic. This course provides valuable instruction on implementing digital logic in protective relays, covering logic gates, timers, and latches. It also details the implementation of different logic schemes, such as enable/disable functions and breaker failure schemes. The course's practical examples are directly applicable to electrical engineering projects involving power system protection.
SCADA Engineer
SCADA Engineers design and maintain Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems that monitor and control industrial processes, including power systems. The course will help you understand how protective relays are integrated into SCADA systems and how their logic is monitored and controlled. The course provides insights into logic gates, truth tables, and protective relay functions like timers and latches, which are essential for configuring and troubleshooting SCADA systems. The course's content on implementing logic schemes such as automatic reclosing is helpful for SCADA engineers who need to understand the system level response to power system faults.
Automation Engineer
Automation Engineers design and implement automated systems, often involving electrical and electronic components. This course helps you understand the application of digital logic in protective relays, which are crucial components in automated power systems. This knowledge supports the design and troubleshooting of automated protection schemes. This course explores logic gates, timers, and latch circuits, and it also details how to implement various logic schemes like permissive tripping, which are essential when creating reliable automation systems. The course's focus on practical examples is directly applicable to real-world automation projects.
Electrical Design Engineer
Electrical Design Engineers design and develop electrical systems and components. This course may be helpful for electrical design engineers working on power systems. It provides a good introduction to protective relay logic. The course helps electrical design engineers understand how to implement digital logic in protective relays, covering essential elements like logic gates, truth tables, and various logic schemes. The course emphasizes practical examples, like automatic reclosing, which is directly applicable to designing and improving electrical systems used in power applications.
Power System Operator
A Power System Operator monitors and controls the flow of electricity through the power grid, responding to emergencies and ensuring system stability. This course may be useful by enhancing your understanding of how protective relays function and how they are used to protect the grid. You will learn how to implement digital logic in protective relays, including logic gates, timers, and latches. This course also details implementing different logic schemes, such as enable/disable functions and breaker failure schemes. The course's practical examples are interesting to power system operators who need to understand how the grid responds to faults.
Instrumentation and Control Technician
Instrumentation and Control Technicians install, maintain, and repair instruments and control systems, often in power plants. The course may be useful by providing a deeper understanding of the logic behind protective relays, which are essential components of power system protection. You will learn how to use logic gates and truth tables to analyze relay operations, and you'll learn about protective relay functions like timers and latches. This course also details different logic schemes, such as permissive tripping, which can help you troubleshoot and maintain these systems more effectively.
Distribution System Engineer
Distribution System Engineers focus on the safe and reliable delivery of electricity to end consumers through the distribution network. This course may be helpful by teaching you how to implement digital logic in protective relays, which are essential for protecting distribution systems from faults. This course provides insights into logic gates, truth tables, and various logic schemes relevant to distribution system protection. The course’s coverage of overcurrent blocking schemes, breaker failure schemes, and auto reclosing schemes are directly applicable to distribution system protection.
Substation Engineer
Substation Engineers design, maintain, and operate electrical substations, which are critical nodes in the power grid. This course may be useful by enhancing your understanding of protective relay logic, which is crucial for substation protection. You will learn how to implement digital logic in protective relays, including logic gates, timers, and latches. This knowledge is helpful for designing and maintaining substation protection schemes, as well as understanding and troubleshooting relay operations during fault conditions.
Power Electronics Engineer
Power Electronics Engineers design and develop electronic systems for converting, controlling, and conditioning electrical power. This course may be useful by providing insights into the application of digital logic in protective relays, which can be relevant for designing advanced power electronic systems with protective functions. You may learn how to implement digital logic in protective relays, including logic gates, timers, and latches. This knowledge is helpful for integrating protection and control features into power electronic devices and systems.
Embedded Systems Engineer
Embedded Systems Engineers design, develop, and test embedded systems, which are computer systems with a dedicated function within a larger mechanical or electrical system. This course may be useful by providing fundamental knowledge of digital logic and its application in protective relays. This understanding can be valuable if you work on embedded systems for power system protection. You can learn how to use logic gates, truth tables, and implement logic schemes, which are essential skills for designing reliable embedded systems.
Telecommunications Engineer
Telecommunications Engineers design and maintain telecommunications systems, which are essential for transmitting data and control signals in power grids. This course may be useful by providing insights into how protective relays communicate and exchange data. You will learn about logic gates, truth tables, and digital logic circuits, which are fundamental components in telecommunications systems. This knowledge is beneficial for designing communication networks that support protective relaying and SCADA systems.

Reading list

We've selected two books that we think will supplement your learning. Use these to develop background knowledge, enrich your coursework, and gain a deeper understanding of the topics covered in Power System Protection: Protective Relay Logic.
Provides a detailed explanation of power system relaying principles and practices. It covers a wide range of protection schemes and their implementation. It useful reference tool for understanding advanced concepts in protective relaying. This book adds breadth to the course by covering a wider range of protection schemes.

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