Systèmes d’Information Géographique

Organisé en deux parties, ce cours présente les bases théoriques et pratiques des systèmes d’information géographique.

- Il propose une introduction aux systèmes d’information géographique qui ne requiert pas de connaissances préalables en informatique

- Il donne la possibilité d’acquérir rapidement les notions de base qui vous permettent de créer des bases de données spatiales et de fabriquer des cartes géographiques

- Il s’agit d’un cours pratique qui repose sur l’utilisation de logiciels libres, notamment QGIS

En somme, si vos études ou votre profession comprennent des activités liées à la gestion de territoires, à l’analyse d’objets distribués dans l’espace géographique (aménagement du territoire, biologie, santé publique, écologie, énergie, etc.), ce cours est fait pour vous!

En suivant cette première partie du cours, vous explorerez les principes de base de la numérisation du territoire et du stockage des géodonnées. Vous apprendrez notamment à :

- Caractériser des objets et/ou phénomènes spatiaux (modélisation du territoire) du point de vue de leur positionnement dans l’espace (systèmes de coordonnées et projections, relations spatiales) et en fonction de leur nature intrinsèque (mode objet ou vecteur vs. mode image ou raster),

- Utiliser les diverses méthodes d’acquisition de données (mesure directe, géoréférencement d’images, digitalisation, source de données existantes, etc.)

- Utiliser les divers modes de stockage des géodonnées – Fichiers simples et/ou bases de données relationnelles

- Utiliser des outils de modélisation des données pour décrire et implémenter une base de données

- Créer des requêtes dans le langage d’interrogation et de manipulation des données

La seconde partie du cours portera sur les méthodes d'analyse spatiale et les techniques de représentation des géo-données. Vous apprendrez notamment à:

- Analyser les propriétés spatiales de variables discrètes, par exemple en quantifiant l’autocorrélation spatiale

- Travailler avec les variables continues (échantillonnage, construction de courbes d’isovaleurs, méthodes d’interpolation)

- Utiliser les modèles numériques d'altitude et leurs dérivées (pente, orientation, etc.)

- Utiliser les techniques de superposition de géodonnées et d'interaction entre elles

- Produire des documents cartographiques selon les règles de la sémiologie graphique

- Explorer d’autres formes de représentation spatiale (cartographie interactive sur internet, représentations 3D, etc.)

La page https://www.facebook.com/moocsig fournit un forum interactif pour les participants à ce cours.

What's inside

Syllabus

Numérisation - Modélisation du territoire: les éléments spatiaux et leurs caractéristiques

Cette première semaine traite du premier pas qu’implique la numérisation du territoire, à savoir la modélisation de ce territoire : quels sont les objets et/ou les phénomènes spatiaux à inclure dans le modèle en fonction des thématiques, des échelles, etc. Comment caractériser ces éléments, du point de vue de leur positionnement spatial (systèmes de coordonnées et projections, relations spatiales) et en fonction de leur nature intrinsèque (mode objet ou vecteur vs. mode image ou raster).

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Développe les notions de base des SIG, ce qui est essentiel pour comprendre les outils modernes de gestion de l'espace

Fournit une base solide pour les débutants dans le domaine des SIG

Explore les techniques de numérisation et de stockage des données géographiques, deux étapes clés de tout projet SIG

Enseigne les principes fondamentaux du langage SQL, indispensable pour manipuler les bases de données SIG

Utilise une approche pratique basée sur le logiciel libre QGIS, largement utilisé dans le domaine des SIG

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Introduction aux sig avec qgis

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Activities

Be better prepared before your course. Deepen your understanding during and after it. Supplement your coursework and achieve mastery of the topics covered in Systèmes d’Information Géographique - Partie 1 with these activities:

Lire « Systèmes d'information géographique » de Pierre Girard

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Renforcez vos connaissances fondamentales en lisant un ouvrage de référence sur les systèmes d'information géographique.

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Lire les chapitres sur les concepts de base des SIG
Prendre des notes et souligner les passages importants
Répondre aux questions de compréhension

Projet : Création d'une carte interactive sur un thème géographique

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Appliquez vos acquis en créant une carte interactive sur un thème géographique de votre choix.

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Définir l'objectif et la portée de la carte
Collecter et préparer les données
Choisir les outils et techniques de cartographie appropriés
Créer et publier la carte interactive
Diffuser et partager la carte

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Career center

Learners who complete Systèmes d’Information Géographique - Partie 1 will develop knowledge and skills that may be useful to these careers:

Spatial Data Analyst

Spatial Data Analysts help design, build, and manage spatial databases. They use their knowledge of geographic information systems (GIS) to analyze spatial data and identify patterns and trends. This course provides a strong foundation in GIS, which is essential for a career as a Spatial Data Analyst. The course covers the basics of GIS, including data acquisition, storage, and analysis. It also introduces students to advanced GIS techniques, such as spatial modeling and geostatistics. This course will help you develop the skills you need to succeed as a Spatial Data Analyst.

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GIS Analyst

GIS Analysts use GIS to solve problems and make decisions. They work with a variety of data, including spatial data, to create maps, reports, and other visualizations. This course provides a strong foundation in GIS, which is essential for a career as a GIS Analyst. The course covers the basics of GIS, including data acquisition, storage, and analysis. It also introduces students to advanced GIS techniques, such as spatial modeling and geostatistics. This course will help you develop the skills you need to succeed as a GIS Analyst.

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Cartographer

Cartographers create maps and other visualizations that communicate spatial information. They use GIS to create maps that are accurate, visually appealing, and easy to understand. This course provides a strong foundation in GIS, which is essential for a career as a Cartographer. The course covers the basics of GIS, including data acquisition, storage, and analysis. It also introduces students to advanced GIS techniques, such as spatial modeling and geostatistics. This course will help you develop the skills you need to succeed as a Cartographer.

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Geographer

Geographers study the Earth's surface and its human and natural features. They use GIS to analyze spatial data and identify patterns and trends. This course provides a strong foundation in GIS, which is essential for a career as a Geographer. The course covers the basics of GIS, including data acquisition, storage, and analysis. It also introduces students to advanced GIS techniques, such as spatial modeling and geostatistics. This course will help you develop the skills you need to succeed as a Geographer.

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Environmental Scientist

Environmental Scientists study the environment and its impact on human health. They use GIS to analyze spatial data and identify patterns and trends. This course provides a strong foundation in GIS, which is essential for a career as an Environmental Scientist. The course covers the basics of GIS, including data acquisition, storage, and analysis. It also introduces students to advanced GIS techniques, such as spatial modeling and geostatistics. This course will help you develop the skills you need to succeed as an Environmental Scientist.

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Planner

Planners develop plans for the use of land and other resources. They use GIS to analyze spatial data and identify patterns and trends. This course provides a strong foundation in GIS, which is essential for a career as a Planner. The course covers the basics of GIS, including data acquisition, storage, and analysis. It also introduces students to advanced GIS techniques, such as spatial modeling and geostatistics. This course will help you develop the skills you need to succeed as a Planner.

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Transportation Engineer

Transportation Engineers design and build transportation systems. They use GIS to analyze spatial data and identify patterns and trends. This course provides a strong foundation in GIS, which is essential for a career as a Transportation Engineer. The course covers the basics of GIS, including data acquisition, storage, and analysis. It also introduces students to advanced GIS techniques, such as spatial modeling and geostatistics. This course will help you develop the skills you need to succeed as a Transportation Engineer.

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Real Estate Agent

Real Estate Agents help people buy and sell property. They use GIS to analyze spatial data and identify patterns and trends. This course provides a strong foundation in GIS, which is essential for a career as a Real Estate Agent. The course covers the basics of GIS, including data acquisition, storage, and analysis. It also introduces students to advanced GIS techniques, such as spatial modeling and geostatistics. This course will help you develop the skills you need to succeed as a Real Estate Agent.

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Insurance Agent

Insurance Agents help people buy insurance. They use GIS to analyze spatial data and identify patterns and trends. This course provides a strong foundation in GIS, which is essential for a career as an Insurance Agent. The course covers the basics of GIS, including data acquisition, storage, and analysis. It also introduces students to advanced GIS techniques, such as spatial modeling and geostatistics. This course will help you develop the skills you need to succeed as an Insurance Agent.

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Web Developer

Web Developers design and build websites. They use GIS to create interactive maps and other visualizations. This course provides a solid foundation in GIS, which can be helpful for a career as a Web Developer. The course covers the basics of GIS, including data acquisition, storage, and analysis. It also introduces students to advanced GIS techniques, such as spatial modeling and geostatistics. This course will help you develop the skills you need to succeed as a Web Developer.

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Marketing Analyst

Marketing Analysts develop marketing campaigns. They use GIS to analyze spatial data and identify patterns and trends. This course provides a foundation in GIS, which may be helpful for a career as a Marketing Analyst. The course covers the basics of GIS, including data acquisition, storage, and analysis. It also introduces students to advanced GIS techniques, such as spatial modeling and geostatistics. This course will help you develop the skills you need to succeed as a Marketing Analyst.

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Business Analyst

Business Analysts develop business plans. They use GIS to analyze spatial data and identify patterns and trends. This course provides a foundation in GIS, which may be helpful for a career as a Business Analyst. The course covers the basics of GIS, including data acquisition, storage, and analysis. It also introduces students to advanced GIS techniques, such as spatial modeling and geostatistics. This course will help you develop the skills you need to succeed as a Business Analyst.

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Journalist

Journalists report on the news. They use GIS to create maps and other visualizations to help explain stories. This course provides a foundation in GIS, which may be helpful for a career as a Journalist. The course covers the basics of GIS, including data acquisition, storage, and analysis. It also introduces students to advanced GIS techniques, such as spatial modeling and geostatistics. This course will help you develop the skills you need to succeed as a Journalist.

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Teacher

Teachers teach students. They use GIS to create maps and other visualizations to help explain lessons. This course provides a foundation in GIS, which may be helpful for a career as a Teacher. The course covers the basics of GIS, including data acquisition, storage, and analysis. It also introduces students to advanced GIS techniques, such as spatial modeling and geostatistics. This course will help you develop the skills you need to succeed as a Teacher.

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Data Analyst

Data Analysts analyze data to identify patterns and trends. They use GIS to analyze spatial data. This course provides a foundation in GIS, which may be helpful for a career as a Data Analyst. The course covers the basics of GIS, including data acquisition, storage, and analysis. It also introduces students to advanced GIS techniques, such as spatial modeling and geostatistics. This course will help you develop the skills you need to succeed as a Data Analyst.

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