Penetration Testing and Ethical Hacking Complete Hands-on

FAQ regarding Ethical Hacking on Udemy:

What are the different stages of penetration testing?
Penetration tests have five different stages. The first stage defines the goals and scope of the test and the testing methods that will be used. Security experts will also gather intelligence on the company's system to better understand the target. The second stage of a pen test is scanning the target application or network to determine how they will respond to an attack. You can do this through a static analysis of application code and dynamic scans of running applications and networks. The third stage is the attack phase, when possible vulnerabilities discovered in the last stage are attacked with various hacking methods. In the fourth stage of a penetration test, the tester attempts to maintain access to the system to steal any sensitive data or damaging systems. The fifth and final stage of a pen test is the reporting phase, when testers compile the test results.

What is a lab in cyber security?

Cybersecurity labs are places where information technology (IT) teams can train to spot, thwart, and manage potential threats to your organization's cybersecurity.

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Free Windows Operating Systems on Oracle VM VirtualBox in Ethical Intelligence

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Tutorial showing how to create custom NAT networks in VirtualBox in web hacking

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Here is the brief tutorial on installing Windows 8 on VMware Workstation. It is better to install Windows 8 virtually before installing on the PC. Any way this is only developer preview not retail version, so install on VMware Workstation and try the features virtuall

Before proceeding with the installation steps, you need to install the VMware virtualization program on your computer. After installation, download the XP ISO file to your host computer by clicking the button below and create a new VM by following the steps below.

VMware is a program vendor for cloud computing and virtualization. They utilize virtualization technology in which a hypervisor is installed on the physical server, allowing the operation of numerous virtual machines (VMs) on the same physical server.

When you install Workstation Pro on a Windows or Linux host system, a NAT network (VMnet8) is set up for you. When you use the New Virtual Machine wizard to create a typical virtual machine, the wizard configures the virtual machine to use the default NAT network.

With NAT, a virtual machine does not have its own IP address on the external network. Instead, a separate private network is set up on the host system. In the default configuration, virtual machines get an address on this private network from the virtual DHCP server.

Penetration testing skills make you a more marketable IT tech. Understanding how to exploit servers, networks, and applications means that you will also be able to better prevent malicious exploitation. From website and network hacking, to pen testing in Python and Metasploit, Udemy has a course for you.

A penetration test, also known as a pen test, is a simulated cyber attack against your computer system to check for exploitable vulnerabilities. In the context of web application security, penetration testing is commonly used to augment a web application firewall (WAF).

What are the types of penetration tests?

An information security audit is an audit on the level of information security in an organization. Within the broad scope of auditing information security there are multiple types of audits, multiple objectives for different audits, etc.

I was an absolute novice when it came to anything related to penetration testing and cybersecurity. After taking this course for over a month, I'm much more familiar and comfortable with the terms and techniques and plan to use them soon in bug bounties.

What is vulnerability scanning?

threat vs. vulnerability. In a nutshell, risk is the potential for loss, damage or destruction of assets or data caused by a cyber threat. Threat is a process that magnifies the likelihood of a negative event, such as the exploit of a vulnerability.

The penetration tester will most likely use automated penetration test tools to scan for initial vulnerabilities. Static analysis and dynamic analysis are two types of approaches used by the penetration tester. Static analysis inspects an application's code in an attempt to predict how it will react to an incursion.

How to Prepare For Your Next Penetration Test?
Penetration testing, or pen testing, is the process of attacking an enterprise's network to find any vulnerabilities that could be present to be patched. Ethical hackers and security experts carry out these tests to find any weak spots in a system’s security before hackers with malicious intent find them and exploit them. Someone who has no previous knowledge of the system's security usually performs these tests, making it easier to find vulnerabilities that the development team may have overlooked. You can perform penetration testing using manual or automated technologies to compromise servers, web applications, wireless networks, network devices, mobile devices, and other exposure points.

The 7 phases of penetration testing are: Pre-engagement actions, reconnaissance, threat modeling and vulnerability identification, exploitation, post-exploitation, reporting, and resolution and re-testing.

1. Pre-Engagement Actions

2. Reconnaissance

3. Threat Modeling & Vulnerability Identification

4. Exploitation

5. Post-Exploitation

6. Reporting

7. Resolution & Re-Testing

Legal Issues & Testing Standards, Penetration Testing Standards
Penetration testing, or pen testing, is the process of attacking an enterprise's network to find any vulnerabilities that could be present to be patched. Ethical hackers and security experts carry out these tests to find any weak spots in a system’s security before hackers with malicious intent find them and exploit them. Someone who has no previous knowledge of the system's security usually performs these tests, making it easier to find vulnerabilities that the development team may have overlooked. You can perform penetration testing using manual or automated technologies to compromise servers, web applications, wireless networks, network devices, mobile devices, and other exposure points.

Introduction to Penetration Test Quiz

Ethical hacking involves a hacker agreeing with an organization or individual who authorizes the hacker to levy cyber attacks on a system or network to expose potential vulnerabilities. An ethical hacker is also sometimes referred to as a white hat hacker. Many depend on ethical hackers to identify weaknesses in their networks, endpoints, devices, or applications. The hacker informs their client as to when they will be attacking the system, as well as the scope of the attack. An ethical hacker operates within the confines of their agreement with their client. They cannot work to discover vulnerabilities and then demand payment to fix them. This is what gray hat hackers do. Ethical hackers are also different from black hat hackers, who hack to harm others or benefit themselves without permission.

content of network fundamentals
There are many types of penetration testing. Internal penetration testing tests an enterprise's internal network. This test can determine how much damage can be caused by an employee. An external penetration test targets a company's externally facing technology like their website or their network. Companies use these tests to determine how an anonymous hacker can attack a system. In a covert penetration test, also known as a double-blind penetration test, few people in the company will know that a pen test is occurring, including any security professional. This type of test will test not only systems but a company's response to an active attack. With a closed-box penetration test, a hacker may know nothing about the enterprise under attack other than its name. In an open-box test, the hacker will receive some information about a company's security to aid them in the attack.

Basic Terms of Networking
Penetration tests have five different stages. The first stage defines the goals and scope of the test and the testing methods that will be used. Security experts will also gather intelligence on the company's system to better understand the target. The second stage of a pen test is scanning the target application or network to determine how they will respond to an attack. You can do this through a static analysis of application code and dynamic scans of running applications and networks. The third stage is the attack phase, when possible vulnerabilities discovered in the last stage are attacked with various hacking methods. In the fourth stage of a penetration test, the tester attempts to maintain access to the system to steal any sensitive data or damaging systems. The fifth and final stage of a pen test is the reporting phase, when testers compile the test results.

A reference model—in systems, enterprise, and software engineering—is an abstract framework or domain-specific ontology consisting of an interlinked set of clearly defined concepts produced by an expert or body of experts to encourage clear communication for bug bounty hunting

Learn about it and how it compares to TCP/IP model. TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol in web hacking.

The OSI model describes seven layers that computer systems use to communicate over a network. Learn about it and how it compares to TCP/IP model. TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.

Network Layers in Real World, OSI Model
This topic important to :

Offensive Security Certified Professional (OSCP)

EC-Council Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH)

GIAC Certified Penetration Tester (GPEN)

EC-Council Licensed Penetration Tester — Master (LPT)

Crest Certified Penetration Tester (CPT)

CompTIA PenTest+

GIAC Web Application Penetration Tester (GWAPT) :

Offensive Security Web Expert (OSWE)

Offensive Security Wireless Professional (OSWP)

Layer 2 of The OSI Model: Data Link Layer provides the functional and procedural means to transfer data between network entities and to detect and possibly correct errors that may occur in the physical layer in oscp .

The data link layer also forms Ethernet frames with the data (packet) received from network layer and adds its own header/trailer into that. OSINT ( Open Source Intelligent )

ARP ( Address Resolution Protocol ) : Mechanism, ARP Tables, ARP Packets in social engineering toolkit

ARP Packets tracking is important for bug bounty, bug bounty hunting, website hacking, web hacking, pentest+ , pentest plus, OSINT (Open Source Intelligent ) , social engineering , phishing , social engineering tool kit

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A wireless local-area network (WLAN) is a group of colocated computers or other devices that form a network based on radio transmissions rather than wired connections.

Network layer manages options pertaining to host and network addressing, managing sub-networks, and internetworking in bug bounty, bug bounty hunting, website hacking, web hacking, pentest+ , pentest plus, OSINT (Open Source Intelligent ) , social engineering , phishing , social engineering tool kit

The Internet Protocol (IP) is the principal communications protocol in the Internet protocol suite for relaying datagrams across network boundaries in ETHICAL HACKING

The IPv4 address is a 32-bit number that uniquely identifies a network interface on a system, as explained in How IP Addresses Apply to Network Interfaces in ethical hacking .

An Internet Protocol version 4 packet header (IPv4 packet header) contains application information, including usage and source/destination addresses for ethical hackers.

A classful network is a network addressing architecture used in the Internet from 1981 until the introduction of Classless Inter-Domain Routing in 1993.

For IPv4, a network may also be characterized by its subnet mask or netmask, which is the bitmask that when applied by a bitwise AND operation to any IP address in the network, yields the routing prefix. Subnet masks are also expressed in dot-decimal notation like an address.

To understand subnetting, you should first understand the decimal and binary structure of an IP address. An IPv4 address is a 32-bit number.

IPv4 address exhaustion is the depletion of the pool of unallocated IPv4 addresses in web hacking .

In IP networking, a private network is a computer network that uses private IP address space.

Private Networks - Demonstration, Creating private networks.
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Network address translation (NAT) is a method of mapping an IP address space into another by modifying network address information in the IP header of packets while they are in transit across a traffic routing device.

An IPv6 packet is the smallest message entity exchanged using Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6). Packets consist of control information for addressing and routing and a payload of user data. The control information in IPv6 packets is subdivided into a mandatory fixed header and optional extension headers.

DHCP works at the application layer to dynamically assign the IP address to the client and this happens through the exchange of a series of messages called DHCP transactions or DHCP conversation.

The Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is a supporting protocol in the Internet protocol suite.

In computing, traceroute and tracert are computer network diagnostic commands for displaying possible routes and measuring transit delays of packets across an Internet Protocol network. ethical , Ethical Intelligence , nmap nessus , nmap course , nmap metaspolit , Complete nmap , Kali linux nmap , ethical hacking , penetration testing , bug bounty , hack , cyber security , kali linux , android hacking , network security , nmap , hacking , security , security testing

Transport layer offers peer-to-peer and end-to-end connection between two processes on remote hosts. hacking, penetration testing bug bounty, hack, cyber security, kali linux, android hacking

The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is one of the main protocols of the Internet protocol suite.
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TCP wraps each data packet with a header containing 10 mandatory fields totaling 20 bytes (or octets). Each header holds information about the connection and the current data being sent. The 10 TCP header fields are as follows: Source port – The sending device's port. Destination port – The receiving device's port.

Comparison of UDP and TCP — In computer networking, the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is one of the core members of the Internet protocol suite.

Application layer is where the actual communication is initiated and reflects. Because this layer is on the top of the layer stack, it does not serve any other layers. Application layer takes the help of Transport and all layers below it to communicate or transfer its data to the remote host.

DNS, or the domain name system, is the phonebook of the Internet, connecting web browsers with websites.

The Hypertext Transfer Protocol is an application layer protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems.

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure is an extension of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol. Whether you want to get your first job in IT security, become a white hat hacker, or prepare to check the security of your own home network, Udemy offers practical and accessible ethical hacking courses to help keep your networks safe from cybercriminals.

Summary of Network Fundamentals . Whether you want to get your first job in IT security, become a white hat hacker, or prepare to check the security of your own home network, Udemy offers practical and accessible ethical hacking courses to help keep your networks safe from cybercriminals.

Network Fundamentals Quiz

Content of the Network Scanning

Passive scan, Active scan.
Ethical hacking involves a hacker agreeing with an organization or individual who authorizes the hacker to levy cyber attacks on a system or network to expose potential vulnerabilities. An ethical hacker is also sometimes referred to as a white hat hacker. Many depend on ethical hackers to identify weaknesses in their networks, endpoints, devices, or applications. The hacker informs their client as to when they will be attacking the system, as well as the scope of the attack. An ethical hacker operates within the confines of their agreement with their client. They cannot work to discover vulnerabilities and then demand payment to fix them. This is what gray hat hackers do. Ethical hackers are also different from black hat hackers, who hack to harm others or benefit themselves without permission.

Passive scanning is a method of vulnerability detection that relies on information gleaned from network data that is captured from a target computer without direct interaction. - Wireshark Passive Monitoring, networking

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is the method for finding a host's Link Layer (MAC) address when only its IP address is known. The level 1 scan is passive and looks at connections or ARP cache

hping is a command-line oriented TCP/IP packet assembler/analyzer for ethical hacker .

This tutorial focuses on DDOS (Distributed Denial of Service) attacks using the hping3 tool.

Nmap ("Network Mapper") is a free and open-source (license) utility for network discovery and security auditing.
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By default, Nmap only performs heavy probing such as port scans, version detection, or OS detection against hosts that are found to be up.

To change this behavior, we use option -Pn (no ping option). With this option, nmap continues to perform its function, as if the host is active.

TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.
In this video we will learn what is TCP-IP.  TCP- IP is first step in ethical , Ethical Intelligence , nmap nessus , nmap course , nmap metaspolit , Complete nmap , Kali linux nmap , ethical hacking , penetration testing , bug bounty , hack , cyber security , kali linux , android hacking , network security , nmap , hacking , security , security testing

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Network Basics: TCP/UDP Socket and Port Overview
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In computer networking, a port is a communication endpoint. At the software level, within an operating system, a port is a logical construct that identifies a specific process or a type of network service in ethical hacking, hacking , penetration testing , bug bounty , hack , cyber security , kali linux , android hacking

A stealth scan is a type of network scanning technique that allows an attacker to remain undetected as it never completes the TCP connection. This type of scan (SYN) is the default when using the -sS option in Nmap port scanner.

In computer networking, a port is a communication endpoint. At the software level, within an operating system, a port is a logical construct that identifies a specific process or a type of network service in nmap.

TCP scan is one of the most popular techniques used in port scanning tasks. It uses the first half of the three-way handshake, which leads to faster network port exploration times as the handshake is never completed in NMAP .

While TCP scans are the most common types of port scans in nmap , ignoring the UDP protocol is a common mistake made by security researchers, one that can offer sensitive information through exposed network services, which can be likewise as exploited as the TCP services.

The Nmap version scanning subsystem obtains all of this data by connecting to open ports and interrogating them for further information using probes that the specific services understand.