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Professor Duncan Pritchard, Dr. Dave Ward, Dr. Alasdair Richmond, Dr. Suilin Lavelle, Dr. Matthew Chrisman, Elinor Mason, Dr. Allan Hazlett, Guy Fletcher, and Professor Michela Massimi

This course will introduce you to some of the main areas of research in contemporary philosophy. Each module a different philosopher will talk you through some of the most important questions and issues in their area of expertise. We’ll begin by trying to understand what philosophy is – what are its characteristic aims and methods, and how does it differ from other subjects? Then we’ll spend the rest of the course gaining an introductory overview of several different areas of philosophy.

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This course will introduce you to some of the main areas of research in contemporary philosophy. Each module a different philosopher will talk you through some of the most important questions and issues in their area of expertise. We’ll begin by trying to understand what philosophy is – what are its characteristic aims and methods, and how does it differ from other subjects? Then we’ll spend the rest of the course gaining an introductory overview of several different areas of philosophy.

Topics you’ll learn about will include:

Epistemology, where we’ll consider what our knowledge of the world and ourselves consists in, and how we come to have it;

Philosophy of science, where we’ll investigate foundational conceptual issues in scientific research and practice;

Philosophy of Mind, where we’ll ask questions about what it means for something to have a mind, and how minds should be understood and explained;

Political Philosophy, where we'll investigate whether we have an obligation to obey the law;

Moral Philosophy, where we’ll attempt to understand the nature of our moral judgements and reactions – whether they aim at some objective moral truth, or are mere personal or cultural preferences, and;

Metaphysics, where we’ll think through some fundamental conceptual questions about free will and the nature of reality.

The development of this MOOC has been led by the University of Edinburgh's Eidyn research centre.

To accompany 'Introduction to Philosophy', we are pleased to announce a tie-in book from Routledge entitled 'Philosophy for Everyone'. This course companion to the 'Introduction to Philosophy' course was written by the Edinburgh Philosophy team expressly with the needs of MOOC students in mind. 'Philosophy for Everyone' contains clear and user-friendly chapters, chapter summaries, glossary, study questions, suggestions for further reading and guides to online resources. Please click "Start Here" and navigate to the "Optional Reading" page for more information.

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What's inside

Syllabus

What is Philosophy?
(Dr. Dave Ward) We’ll start the course by thinking about what Philosophy actually is: what makes it different from other subjects? What are its distinctive aims and methods? We'll also think about why the questions that philosophers attempt to answer are often thought to be both fundamental and important, and have a look at how philosophy is actually practiced. Finally, we'll briefly touch upon two very influential philosophers' answers to the question of how we can know whether, in any given case, there really is a right way of thinking about things.
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Morality: Objective, Relative or Emotive?
(Dr. Matthew Chrisman) We all live with some sense of what is good or bad, some feelings about which ways of conducting ourselves are better or worse. But what is the status of these moral beliefs, senses, or feelings? Should we think of them as reflecting hard, objective facts about our world, of the sort that scientists could uncover and study? Or should we think of moral judgements as mere expressions of personal or cultural preferences? In this module we’ll survey some of the different options that are available when we’re thinking about these issues, and the problems and prospects for each.
What is Knowledge? And Do We Have Any?
(Professor Duncan Pritchard) We know a lot of things – or, at least, we think we do. Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that studies knowledge; what it is, and the ways we can come to have it. In this module, we’ll take a tour through some of the issues that arise in this branch of philosophy. In particular, we’ll think about what radical scepticism means for our claims to knowledge. How can we know something is the case if we’re unable to rule out possibilities that are clearly incompatible with it?
Week 2 review: Lesson Choices
Do We Have an Obligation to Obey the Law?
(Dr. Guy Fletcher) The laws of a state govern what we can and cannot do within that state. But do we have an obligation to obey those laws? In this module, we'll discuss this question, together with some of the main positions that philosophers have developed in response to it. We'll start off by examining what obeying the law means exactly. Then we'll look at three factors that might form the basis of an obligation to follow the law. Finally, we'll discuss what the consequences might be if the problem can't be solved.
Should You Believe What You Hear?
(Dr. Allan Hazlett) Much of what we think about the world we believe on the basis of what other people say. But is this trust in other people's testimony justified? In this module, we’ll investigate how this question was addressed by two great philosophers of the Scottish Enlightenment, David Hume (1711 - 1776) and Thomas Reid (1710 - 1796). Hume and Reid's dispute about testimony represents a clash between two worldviews that would continue to clash for centuries: a skeptical and often secular worldview, eager to question everything (represented by Hume), and a conservative and often religious worldview, keen to defend common sense (represented by Reid).
Week 3 review: Lesson Choices
Minds, Brains and Computers
(Dr. Suilin Lavelle) If you’re reading this, then you’ve got a mind. But what is a mind, and what does it take to have one? Should we understand minds as sets of dispositions to behave in certain ways, as patterns of neural activation, or as akin to programmes that are run on the computational hardware of our brains? In this module, we’ll look at how and why recent philosophy of mind and psychology has embraced each of these options in turn, and think about the problems and prospects for each.
Are Scientific Theories True?
(Professor Michela Massimi) In this module we will explore a central and ongoing debate in contemporary philosophy of science: whether or not scientific theories are true. Or better, whether a scientific theory needs to be 'true' to be good at all. The answer to this question comes in two main varieties. Scientific realists believe that theories ought to be true in order to be good. We will analyse their main argument for this claim (which goes under the name of 'no miracles argument'), and some prominent objections to it. Scientific antirealists, on the other hand, defend the view that there is nothing special about 'truth' and that scientific theories and scientific progress can be understood without appeal to it. The aim of this session is to present both views, their main arguments, and prospects.
Week 4 review: Lesson Choices
Do We Have Free Will and Does It Matter?
(Dr. Elinor Mason) We typically feel that the actions that we make are the result of our own free choices. But what if those actions are simply the end result of a long chain of cause and effect? What does this mean for free will? In this module, we'll look at the concept of determinism. In particular, we'll consider the implications that determinism might have for the notion of free will.
Time Travel and Philosophy
(Dr. Alasdair Richmond) In this module we'll think about some issues in metaphysics, a branch of philosophy that investigates the ways that reality could intelligibly be. Our case study will be the possibility, or otherwise, of time-travel. Some have thought that the apparent possibility of creating a machine that we could use to transport a person backwards in time can be ruled out just by thinking about it. But is time-travel really logically impossible? What would the universe have to be like for it to be possible? And can we know whether our universe fits the bill?
Week 5 review: Lesson Choices
Peer review

Good to know

Know what's good
, what to watch for
, and possible dealbreakers
Examines fundamental questions in philosophy and introduces learners to key concepts and theories in major areas of the discipline
Taught by renowned philosophy professors from the University of Edinburgh
Provides a broad overview of different philosophical fields, including Epistemology, Philosophy of Science, Philosophy of Mind, Political Philosophy, Moral Philosophy, and Metaphysics
Accompanied by a course companion book for additional support and reinforcement
Provides a solid foundation for learners interested in pursuing further studies in philosophy
Suitable for beginners with no prior background in philosophy who are eager to explore the subject

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Reviews summary

Introduction to philosophy

Learners say Introduction to Philosophy is a very good introductory course in philosophy. Students found the lectures to be very interesting and insightful. The course is well-suited for beginners but may be too easy for enthusiasts. However, students do appreciate the wide range of topics covered and the different perspectives from multiple instructors. The course is well-structured and features active discussion forums that make the course engaging.
Different instructors lecture in their areas of specialization
"I liked that the lectures were given by different professors all lecturing in their areas of specialization."
Suitable for beginners
"This a beginner-friendly course that introduces you to Philosophy and it's sub-disciplines."
"Excellent introductory course- very suitable for those with no background in philosophy."
Interesting and thought-provoking topics
"This course will certainly peak your interest by the topics that it covers."
"It certainly made me take more of an interest in philosophy."
A great introduction to philosophy
"Good introductory course for a very difficult subject."
"It's not what I expected, but it is a great introduction to philosophy and to the fields of philosophy."
"It's a very good introductory course on philosophy, giving also good insights in the main contemporary philosophical issues and further readings."
Easy to understand and follow
"This is a great beginning course in philosophy."
"It was easy enough for anyone to understand and to become interested enough to want to study more philosophy."
Weekly quizzes are easy
"The course seemed a little too easy, with the only requirement for a statement of accomplishment being passing each of the weekly quizzes."

Activities

Be better prepared before your course. Deepen your understanding during and after it. Supplement your coursework and achieve mastery of the topics covered in Introduction to Philosophy with these activities:
Review basic logic and critical thinking skills
This will ensure you are starting the course with a strong foundation
Browse courses on Logic
Show steps
  • Review the basics of formal logic
  • Practice identifying and evaluating logical fallacies
  • Take a quiz or test related to the material to self-assess
Read _Philosophy for Everyone_ by the Edinburgh Philosophy team
This book provides an accessible overview of all the major philosophical topics covered in the course. Reading this book will help you to get the most out of the course and also introduce you to some of the most influential contemporary philosophers
Show steps
  • Read the book
  • Take notes on important points
Review philosophical research methods
This activity will refresh your understanding of methods used to research philosophy and concepts in philosophy
Browse courses on Epistemology
Show steps
  • Read articles from academic journals on philosophical research
  • Take notes on the key concepts and arguments presented in the articles
  • Discuss the articles with a classmate or mentor
Five other activities
Expand to see all activities and additional details
Show all eight activities
Join a study group to discuss course concepts
This activity will help facilitate deeper understanding through the exchange of ideas and perspectives with your peers
Browse courses on Philosophy
Show steps
  • Join a study group or form one with classmates
  • Meet regularly to discuss course material
Seek out tutorials on different branches of philosophy
This activity will give you a deeper dive into specific areas of philosophical thought and will help you understand the nuances of different schools of thought
Browse courses on Philosophy of Science
Show steps
  • Search for online tutorials led by experts on various aspects of philosophy
  • Follow the tutorials and take notes
  • Apply what you have learned through discussion or writing
Analyze and interpret philosophical arguments and texts
This practice will help finetune the ability to critically evaluate philosophical claims and identify fallacies
Browse courses on Logical Reasoning
Show steps
  • Identify the argument or text to be analyzed
  • Break down the argument or text into its component parts
  • Identify the premises and the conclusion
  • Evaluate the validity and soundness of the argument
  • Write a brief summary of your analysis
Write a short essay on a philosophical topic of your choice
Writing an essay will force you to think deeply about a philosophical topic and develop your communication skills
Browse courses on Philosophy
Show steps
  • Choose a philosophical topic that interests you
  • Research the topic
  • Develop a thesis statement
  • Write an outline
  • Write the essay
Practice applying philosophical concepts to real-world issues
This exercise will allow you to apply what you learn in the course and to see how philosophical thinking relates to real world concerns
Browse courses on Ethics
Show steps
  • Identify a real-world issue that interests you
  • Analyze the issue using philosophical concepts
  • Develop a solution to the issue based on your analysis

Career center

Learners who complete Introduction to Philosophy will develop knowledge and skills that may be useful to these careers:
Philosopher
Philosophers research, teach, and write about philosophical topics. This course is an excellent fit for Philosophers as it provides an overview of various areas of philosophy, including epistemology, metaphysics, political philosophy, and moral philosophy. This course can help Philosophers gain a deeper understanding of these areas of philosophy and develop their philosophical skills.
Policy Analyst
Policy Analysts are responsible for analyzing and advising on public policy issues. This course may be useful for Policy Analysts as it provides an overview of various areas of philosophy, including political philosophy and moral philosophy. These areas of philosophy can help Policy Analysts understand the ethical and theoretical underpinnings of public policy.
Public Speaker
Public Speakers speak to audiences on a variety of topics. This course may be useful for Public Speakers as it provides an overview of various areas of philosophy, including ethics, political philosophy, and metaphysics. These areas of philosophy can help Public Speakers understand the ethical and theoretical underpinnings of their speeches, which can be helpful for delivering engaging and thought-provoking speeches.
Science Writer
Science Writers communicate complex scientific concepts to the public. This course may be useful for Science Writers as it provides an overview of various areas of philosophy, including philosophy of science and metaphysics. These areas of philosophy can help Science Writers understand the philosophical underpinnings of science, which can be helpful for communicating scientific concepts to the public in a clear and engaging way.
Lawyer
Lawyers advise and represent clients in legal matters. This course may be useful for Lawyers as it provides an overview of various areas of philosophy, including ethics, political philosophy, and metaphysics. These areas of philosophy can help Lawyers understand the ethical and theoretical underpinnings of the law, which can be helpful for providing sound legal advice and representation.
Author
Authors write books, articles, and other forms of literature. This course may be useful for Authors as it provides an overview of various areas of philosophy, including ethics, political philosophy, and metaphysics. These areas of philosophy can help Authors understand the ethical and theoretical underpinnings of their writing, which can be helpful for writing engaging and thought-provoking literature.
Ethics Consultant
Ethics Consultants advise organizations on ethical issues. This course may be useful for Ethics Consultants as it provides an overview of various areas of philosophy, including ethics, political philosophy, and metaphysics. These areas of philosophy can help Ethics Consultants understand the ethical and theoretical underpinnings of ethical issues, which can be helpful for providing sound ethical advice to organizations.
Consultant
Consultants provide advice and expertise to organizations on a variety of topics. This course may be useful for Consultants as it provides an overview of various areas of philosophy, including ethics, political philosophy, and metaphysics. These areas of philosophy can help Consultants understand the ethical and theoretical underpinnings of their work, which can be helpful for providing sound advice to organizations.
Museum curator
Museum Curators oversee the collections of a museum and interpret them for the public. This course may be useful for Museum Curators as it provides an overview of various areas of philosophy, including aesthetics, metaphysics, and philosophy of history. These areas of philosophy can help Museum Curators understand the philosophical underpinnings of the collections they oversee and interpret them in a way that is engaging and informative to the public.
Researcher
Researchers conduct research in a variety of fields. This course may be useful for Researchers as it provides an overview of various areas of philosophy, including epistemology, metaphysics, and philosophy of science. These areas of philosophy can help Researchers understand the philosophical underpinnings of their research, which can be helpful for conducting rigorous and meaningful research.
Editor
Editors oversee the production of written content. This course may be useful for Editors as it provides an overview of various areas of philosophy, including epistemology, metaphysics, and philosophy of language. These areas of philosophy can help Editors understand the philosophical underpinnings of language and communication, which can be helpful for editing written content in a clear and concise way.
Professor
Professors teach and research at colleges and universities. This course may be useful for Professors as it provides an overview of various areas of philosophy, including epistemology, metaphysics, political philosophy, and moral philosophy. These areas of philosophy can help Professors develop a deeper understanding of these areas of philosophy and share their knowledge with their students.
Teacher
Teachers instruct students in a variety of academic subjects. This course may be useful for Teachers as it provides an overview of various areas of philosophy, including ethics, epistemology, and metaphysics. These areas of philosophy can help Teachers understand the nature of knowledge, reality, and morality, which can be helpful for teaching students about the world around them.
Journalist
Journalists research, write, and report on news and current events. This course may be useful for Journalists as it provides an overview of various areas of philosophy, including epistemology and metaphysics. These areas of philosophy can help Journalists understand the nature of knowledge and reality, which can be helpful for critically analyzing and reporting on the news.
Librarian
Librarians manage and organize the resources of a library. This course may be useful for Librarians as it provides an overview of various areas of philosophy, including epistemology, metaphysics, and philosophy of information. These areas of philosophy can help Librarians understand the philosophical underpinnings of information and knowledge, which can be helpful for managing and organizing the resources of a library in a way that is accessible to users.

Reading list

We've selected 11 books that we think will supplement your learning. Use these to develop background knowledge, enrich your coursework, and gain a deeper understanding of the topics covered in Introduction to Philosophy.
This is the course companion to the 'Introduction to Philosophy' course. It contains clear and user-friendly chapters, chapter summaries, glossary, study questions, suggestions for further reading and guides to online resources.
This online encyclopedia comprehensive resource for philosophical information. It includes articles on all major areas of philosophy, written by leading philosophers.
Comprehensive guide to political philosophy. It includes essays by leading philosophers on topics such as justice, democracy, and freedom.
Provides a comprehensive overview of the history of philosophy, from the pre-Socratics to the present day. It valuable resource for anyone who wants to learn more about the development of philosophical thought.
Comprehensive guide to the major areas of philosophy. It includes essays by leading philosophers on topics such as metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, and political philosophy.
Comprehensive dictionary of philosophical terms and concepts. It valuable resource for anyone who wants to learn more about philosophy.
Comprehensive encyclopedia of philosophical terms and concepts. It valuable resource for anyone who wants to learn more about philosophy.
Comprehensive guide to the major areas of philosophy. It includes essays by leading philosophers on topics such as metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, and political philosophy.
Classic introduction to the history of Western philosophy. It covers the major philosophers and ideas from the pre-Socratics to the present day. Russell's writing is clear and engaging, making this book a good choice for beginners.
Classic introduction to philosophy. It covers a wide range of topics, including metaphysics, epistemology, and ethics. Russell's writing is clear and engaging, making this book a good choice for beginners.
This novel tells the story of a young girl who is introduced to philosophy by a mysterious tutor. It great way to learn about the basics of philosophy in a fun and engaging way.

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