Innate Immune Response
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Innate immunity, also known as native immunity, is the first line of defense against pathogens and other foreign invaders. It is a non-specific defense mechanism that is present from birth and does not require prior exposure to a specific pathogen. Innate immunity includes physical barriers such as the skin and mucous membranes, as well as chemical barriers such as stomach acid and antimicrobial peptides. It also includes cells such as macrophages, neutrophils, and natural killer cells that recognize and destroy pathogens.
How does innate immunity work?
Innate immunity works through a variety of mechanisms. Physical barriers such as the skin and mucous membranes prevent pathogens from entering the body. Chemical barriers such as stomach acid and antimicrobial peptides kill pathogens that do manage to enter the body. Cells such as macrophages, neutrophils, and natural killer cells recognize and destroy pathogens through a process called phagocytosis, in which the cell engulfs the pathogen and destroys it.
What are the different types of innate immune responses?
There are two main types of innate immune responses: inflammation and phagocytosis. Inflammation is a response to tissue injury or infection. It involves the dilation of blood vessels, the recruitment of immune cells to the site of injury or infection, and the release of chemical mediators that promote healing. Phagocytosis is the process by which cells such as macrophages, neutrophils, and natural killer cells recognize and destroy pathogens.
