Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health problem, affecting an estimated 1.7 million people in the United States each year. TBI can result from a variety of causes, including falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports injuries, and assaults. The severity of a TBI can range from mild to severe, and symptoms can include headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, confusion, and loss of consciousness. In severe cases, TBI can lead to permanent disability or even death.

What Causes Traumatic Brain Injury?

Traumatic brain injury is caused by a blow or jolt to the head that disrupts the normal function of the brain. This can occur in a variety of ways, including:

• Falls
• Motor vehicle accidents
• Sports injuries
• Assaults
• Explosions
• Other head injuries

The severity of a TBI depends on the force of the blow or jolt, the area of the brain that is injured, and the duration of the injury. Mild TBIs, also known as concussions, are the most common type of TBI. Symptoms of a mild TBI may include headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and confusion. These symptoms usually resolve within a few days or weeks.

Moderate to severe TBIs can cause more serious symptoms, such as loss of consciousness, seizures, and difficulty with speech or movement. These symptoms can last for weeks, months, or even years. In severe cases, TBI can lead to permanent disability or even death.

Who Is at Risk for Traumatic Brain Injury?

Anyone can sustain a traumatic brain injury, but certain groups are at higher risk, including:

• Children
• Older adults
• Athletes
• Military personnel
• People who work in hazardous occupations