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Codificación de audio

Más allá del MP3

José Javier López Monfort

La Codificación de Audio (también conocida como compresión de audio) es una representación digital de las señales de sonido para ser almacenadas o transmitidas por cualquier medio digital. En este proceso se busca siempre ocupar el mínimo número de bits posible para poder transmitirla por canales limitados en velocidad o bien poder almacenar muchos sonidos o música en el menor espacio posible. Todo ello se debe realizar manteniendo una calidad de sonido cada vez más exigente y, en los últimos años, permitiendo sistemas más avanzados que el estéreo que proporcionan sonido espacial. En este curso veremos los estándares más conocidos, como el MP3, así como otros formatos superiores aparecidos en los últimos años.

Read more

La Codificación de Audio (también conocida como compresión de audio) es una representación digital de las señales de sonido para ser almacenadas o transmitidas por cualquier medio digital. En este proceso se busca siempre ocupar el mínimo número de bits posible para poder transmitirla por canales limitados en velocidad o bien poder almacenar muchos sonidos o música en el menor espacio posible. Todo ello se debe realizar manteniendo una calidad de sonido cada vez más exigente y, en los últimos años, permitiendo sistemas más avanzados que el estéreo que proporcionan sonido espacial. En este curso veremos los estándares más conocidos, como el MP3, así como otros formatos superiores aparecidos en los últimos años.

Unidades:

  • Sección 1: Digitalización y compresión de audio, ¿cómo afecta a nuestra percepción?
  • Sección 2: Escalas auditivas y tipos de compresión
  • Sección 3: Estándares MPEG de compresión de audio
  • Sección 4: Codificadores avanzados de audio
  • Sección 5: Evaluación de codificadores

What you'll learn

  • Aprenderás los conceptos básicos de digitalización y almacenamiento de las señales y la capacidad de memoria necesaria.
  • Comprenderás el concepto de “tasa de compresión” y “velocidad binaria” (bitrate) de una codificación digital.
  • Estudiarás los mecanismos subjetivos de la percepción humana del sonido, sus limitaciones y el enmascaramiento que se produce en el oído.
  • Diferenciarás entre compresión con pérdidas y sin pérdidas.
  • Estudiarás los fundamentos básicos de la compresión con pérdidas a través de las diferentes capas del estándar MPEG hasta llegar al MP3.
  • Repasaremos estándares más avanzados que el MP3 como el MPEG-4 AAC y el OPUS.
  • Aprenderás a evaluar la calidad de un codificador con pérdidas a través de test “doble ciego” y MUSHRA

What's inside

Learning objectives

  • Aprenderás los conceptos básicos de digitalización y almacenamiento de las señales y la capacidad de memoria necesaria.
  • Comprenderás el concepto de “tasa de compresión” y “velocidad binaria” (bitrate) de una codificación digital.
  • Estudiarás los mecanismos subjetivos de la percepción humana del sonido, sus limitaciones y el enmascaramiento que se produce en el oído.
  • Diferenciarás entre compresión con pérdidas y sin pérdidas.
  • Estudiarás los fundamentos básicos de la compresión con pérdidas a través de las diferentes capas del estándar mpeg hasta llegar al mp3.
  • Repasaremos estándares más avanzados que el mp3 como el mpeg-4 aac y el opus.
  • Aprenderás a evaluar la calidad de un codificador con pérdidas a través de test “doble ciego” y mushra

Good to know

Know what's good
, what to watch for
, and possible dealbreakers
Transmite conceptos básicos de digitalización, almacenamiento de señales y la memoria que se necesita
Enseña sobre la compresión con y sin pérdidas, lo que es fundamental para el almacenamiento y la transmisión de audio
Repasa los estándares de compresión de audio MPEG, incluido el MP3, que siguen siendo ampliamente utilizados en la industria
Proporciona información detallada sobre los codificadores avanzados de audio, como MPEG-4 AAC y OPUS, que ofrecen una mayor calidad de audio
Enseña técnicas para evaluar la calidad de los codificadores con pérdidas utilizando pruebas subjetivas, lo que permite a los estudiantes comprender los factores que afectan la percepción del audio
Explora los mecanismos subjetivos de la percepción humana del sonido, lo que proporciona a los estudiantes una base sólida para comprender cómo se percibe y procesa el audio

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Reviews summary

Curso de codificación de audio

Este curso sobre codificación de audio es muy bien recibido por los estudiantes, quienes elogian su enfoque práctico y su cobertura de temas avanzados como la evaluación de códecs.
El curso está bien explicado.
"Muy interesante, bien explicado y con ejemplos practicos."
El curso cubre temas avanzados como la evaluación de códecs.
"I would highlight the chapter about codec evaluation."
El curso tiene un enfoque práctico.
"The course has a good technical level an a very practical focus."

Activities

Be better prepared before your course. Deepen your understanding during and after it. Supplement your coursework and achieve mastery of the topics covered in Codificación de audio: Más allá del MP3 with these activities:
Practice identifying different audio formats
Improves your ability to distinguish between different audio formats based on their characteristics.
Show steps
  • Find a set of audio files in different formats (e.g., MP3, WAV, FLAC).
  • Use an audio player or software to listen to each file and identify its format.
  • Compare your identifications with the actual formats of the files.
Participate in a discussion group on audio engineering
Engages you with other learners and industry professionals to exchange ideas and insights on audio engineering.
Browse courses on Audio Engineering
Show steps
  • Join an online or in-person discussion group dedicated to audio engineering.
  • Actively participate in discussions by sharing your knowledge and experiences.
  • Seek feedback and learn from others to broaden your perspective.
Create a summary of different audio compression techniques
Deepens your understanding of audio compression techniques by requiring you to synthesize and explain them.
Show steps
  • Research different audio compression techniques and their principles.
  • Organize your findings into a coherent summary.
  • Present your summary in a written or visual format (e.g., a blog post, a video, or a presentation).
One other activity
Expand to see all activities and additional details
Show all four activities
Follow tutorials on advanced audio processing techniques
Expands your knowledge and skills in audio processing by exploring advanced techniques.
Show steps
  • Identify tutorials on advanced audio processing techniques (e.g., equalization, filtering, noise reduction).
  • Follow the tutorials and apply the techniques to your own audio projects.
  • Experiment with different parameters and settings to optimize your results.

Career center

Learners who complete Codificación de audio: Más allá del MP3 will develop knowledge and skills that may be useful to these careers:
Sound Designer
Sound Designers create and manipulate sounds for film, television, video games, and other media. This course will be very useful as it will provide you with a solid understanding of audio engineering, which is vital for creating realistic and engaging sound effects.
Recording Engineer
Recording Engineers operate and maintain recording equipment to capture and reproduce sound. This course can help build a foundation for your work, which typically requires a bachelor's degree in audio engineering, music technology, or a related field.
Audio Engineer
An Audio Engineer's work is to handle sound engineering, whether it's for music, film, podcasts, or other mediums. This course will help you better understand the technical aspects of audio engineering, making you a more valuable asset in the field.
Live Sound Engineer
Live Sound Engineers control the sound for live events, such as concerts, sporting events, and theater productions. This course can help you with the technical aspects of the work, which typically requires at least a high school diploma.
Post-Production Sound Mixer
Post-Production Sound Mixers edit, mix, and master audio for film, television, and other media. This course can serve as a great introduction to the technical side of post-production, which typically requires a bachelor's degree in audio engineering or a related field.
Broadcast Engineer
Broadcast Engineers set up and maintain equipment for recording and broadcasting. This course will help as it will provide the technical knowledge you would need to succeed in this role, which typically needs a bachelor's degree in broadcast engineering, electrical engineering, computer science, or a related field.
Music Producer
A Music Producer oversees the recording and production of music. While this course may not directly teach you all the skills you need as a Music Producer, it can help you understand the audio engineering behind the music, giving you a greater edge in the field.
Acoustical Engineer
An Acoustical Engineer typically requires a Master's degree, possibly even a PhD. This course may be useful as it provides a basis in audio engineering, allowing you to look at your work with greater depth and mastery.
Software Engineer
Software Engineers design, develop, and maintain software applications. While this course may not be directly applicable to your work as a Software Engineer, having a greater understanding of audio engineering can be helpful for developing software in the audio field.
Musician
Musicians play and perform music, whether it's in a band, an orchestra, or as a solo artist. While this course may not be directly applicable, understanding more about audio engineering can be helpful when working with other musicians or in the studio.
Audiologist
Audiologists are healthcare professionals who diagnose and treat hearing loss. You would need a professional degree, typically a Doctorate in Audiology (Au.D.). This course may help in understanding more about different aspects of how sound works.
Technical Director
Technical Directors manage the technical aspects of theater, television, or film productions. While this course may not directly teach you all aspects of the job, understanding audio engineering can help you work more effectively with audio professionals.
Composer
Composers create original music, whether it's for film, television, video games, or other media. While this course may not be directly applicable, it can provide you with a deeper understanding of audio compression, which may be helpful in your work.
Video Editor
Video Editors edit and assemble video footage for film, television, and other media. This course may be somewhat useful as it teaches the basics of audio engineering, a field closely related to video editing.
Web Developer
Web Developers design and develop websites. While this course may not be directly applicable to web development, having a greater understanding of audio engineering can be helpful for developing audio-related websites or applications.

Reading list

We've selected 12 books that we think will supplement your learning. Use these to develop background knowledge, enrich your coursework, and gain a deeper understanding of the topics covered in Codificación de audio: Más allá del MP3.
The book good primer for this course. It provides readers with a brief overview of audio signal processing, audio compression standards and more. It covers theory, background, and current developments in audio coding and standards. The book is more useful as a background source than it current reference.
Adds depth to several parts of this course - from the basics of audio signal processing, to lossy conversion, to spectral coding, and more. Overall, the book is more useful as a background source than it current reference.
Provides an overview of digital audio signal processing. It covers topics such as: digital filter design, spectral analysis, psychoacoustics, and more.
Provides a comprehensive overview of audio signal processing. It covers topics such as: sound waves and acoustics, digital audio, audio effects, and more. It provides more depth than is necessary for this course, but can provide a good overview to those interested in digging into the theoretical details of digital audio signal processing.
Provides a comprehensive overview of digital audio. It covers topics such as: digital audio basics, audio formats, and more.
Provides a comprehensive overview of the art of sound reproduction. It covers topics such as: acoustics, psychoacoustics, and more.
Provides a non-technical introduction to digital audio processing. It covers topics such as: understanding digital audio, digital audio processing tools, and more. It is not a substitute for this course, but it can be a useful resource for learners who are new to the field of digital audio processing.
Provides a comprehensive overview of home recording for musicians. It covers topics such as: home recording equipment, home recording techniques, and more.
Provides a comprehensive overview of audio engineering for sound reinforcement. It covers topics such as: sound reinforcement systems, acoustics, and more.
Provides a comprehensive overview of home recording. It covers topics such as: home recording equipment, home recording techniques, and more.
Provides an overview of audio watermarking so that it can be used for audio forensics and copyright protection, which may be of interest to some students in this course.
Provides a comprehensive overview of sound effects. It covers topics such as: creating sound effects, using sound effects, and more.

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