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Ruben Cespedes

UI Color Theory: Build Accessible Palettes in Figma & Adobe XD

Struggling to pick colors that look great and pass accessibility checks? This course shows you, step by step, how to choose and apply color with confidence in any UI design project.

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UI Color Theory: Build Accessible Palettes in Figma & Adobe XD

Struggling to pick colors that look great and pass accessibility checks? This course shows you, step by step, how to choose and apply color with confidence in any UI design project.

I’m Ruben Cespedes, Principal Product Designer at Dell Technologies and Adobe Partner. In over 20+ years designing digital products I’ve learned that color, when used well, can guide the eye, express a brand, and boost usability. When used poorly it confuses users and fails WCAG standards. My goal is to help you avoid the common pitfalls and build palettes that work everywhere—web, mobile, light mode, and dark mode.What you’ll learn

  • The core of color theory: hue, saturation, brightness, temperature, and contrast

  • Simple methods to pick a base hue and expand it into primary, secondary, and accent colors

  • Checking color accessibility with WCAG tools and fixing low‑contrast pairs

  • Creating light and dark themes with scalable color tokens in Figma and Adobe XD

  • Advanced moves: gradients, overlays, and subtle background tints

  • Working with brand guidelines so your palette fits the business and the user

  • Real‑world case studies that show color wins—and mistakes—to learn from

Hands‑on project

You will redesign two screens of an existing app or website:

  1. Audit the current palette for contrast and hierarchy

  2. Build a new palette in Figma or Adobe XD

  3. Apply it to headings, buttons, backgrounds, forms, and icons

  4. Export a token sheet for developers and share your before/after mock‑ups

I review the projects and give direct feedback inside the Q&A.

Tools & resources

  • Figma starter file with color styles and WCAG checker plug‑ins

  • Adobe XD template with ready‑made variables

  • PDF cheat sheet on color terminology and quick math for contrast ratios

  • Bonus: my 100‑page eBook Conquering UI Design (5,000+ copies sold) to reinforce everything you learn

Is this course for you?

  • UI/UX designers who want reliable color workflows

  • Graphic designers moving into digital products

  • Product managers and developers who review color tokens

  • Anyone who wants palettes that look good and work for every user

No coding needed. Basic familiarity with Figma or Adobe XD is enough.Join today, start mastering color, and make your next interface clear, engaging, and accessible. I’ll be inside the course ready to help.

Enroll now

What's inside

Learning objectives

  • Learn how to apply colors to your ui/ux design projects
  • Master the fundamentals of color
  • Unlock the secrets of crafting compelling color schemes for ui/ux design
  • Learn the fundamental aspect of design - color theory to enhance the impact and effectiveness of your designs
  • Explore the world of color accessibility: techniques to enhance the user experience (ux)
  • Learn how to work with brand colors
  • Learn advanced techniques for working with color in ui design
  • Explore how to create hierarchy and emphasis in ui design using color

Syllabus

UI Design Color Course Kick‑off
Course Roadmap & Outcomes
Understand basic concepts of color theory, they'll have a strong foundation for working with color in their UI design projects.
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In this video lecture, we'll delve into the basics of color theory - a crucial aspect of effective and visually appealing interface design. We'll begin with an introduction to the color wheel - a circular visual representation of the colors of the spectrum. The color wheel is a useful tool for understanding color relationships and creating color schemes.

Next, we'll explore the primary colors - red, yellow, and blue - which cannot be created by mixing other colors and form the basis for all other colors on the wheel. We'll also discuss secondary colors, created by mixing two primary colors (orange, green, and purple), and tertiary colors, created by mixing a primary and secondary color (yellow-green, red-purple, blue-green).

We'll also cover hue, saturation, and value, three important properties of color. Hue refers to the actual color, such as red, blue, or yellow. Saturation is the intensity or purity of the color, with more saturated colors appearing more vibrant and less saturated appearing more muted. Value refers to the lightness or darkness of a color, with lighter colors appearing brighter and darker colors appearing more subdued.

By understanding these core concepts of color theory, you'll have a solid foundation for working with color in your UI design projects. In the next lesson, we'll delve deeper into color selection methods.

In this video lecture, we'll dive into different methods for selecting a color palette for your interface design. A well-chosen palette can greatly impact the overall look and feel of your design.

We'll begin by discussing monochromatic schemes, which consist of various shades and tints of a single color. Although this approach can create a harmonious look, it can also come across as limited if used solely.

Next, we'll cover analogous color schemes, made up of colors that are adjacent on the color wheel such as blue, blue-green, and green. This approach can result in a harmonious and cohesive look, but it can also feel safe and uninteresting without creative usage.

We'll also discuss complementary color schemes, consisting of colors that are opposite on the color wheel such as blue and orange. This high-contrast look can be striking, but it can also be jarring if not used with caution.

Additionally, we'll examine triadic color schemes, made up of three colors equally spaced around the color wheel, such as red, yellow, and blue. This approach can lead to a balanced and harmonious look, but it can also become too vibrant and chaotic if not used in moderation.

When selecting a color palette, it's important to take into account the interface's purpose, target audience, and overall design aesthetic. It's also crucial to consider color accessibility and make sure that the palette is readable and accessible for all users.

In the next lesson, we'll delve into how color can be used to create hierarchy and emphasis in UI design.

In this video lecture, we'll delve into how color can enhance the hierarchy and emphasis in UI design. Hierarchy signifies the relative significance of different elements in a page or screen and emphasis is utilized to direct the user's focus to specific elements.

One approach to achieve hierarchy and emphasis is through color contrast. By utilizing colors with high contrast, you can make certain elements stand out and attract the viewer's attention. For instance, using a light color against a dark background generates high contrast, attracting the user's gaze.

Saturation is another useful tool in creating emphasis. Colors that are highly saturated tend to be more noticeable than less saturated colors, which can help direct the user's focus to crucial elements.

The size of elements also plays a crucial role in creating hierarchy and emphasis. Large elements are usually more noticeable and draw more attention, making it an effective way to highlight important information.

It's crucial to use these techniques moderately, considering the overall design aesthetic and the interface's purpose. Excessive emphasis can be overwhelming and the use of too many contrasting colors can be disruptive.

In the following lesson, we'll explore the significance of color accessibility in UI design.

In this video lecture, we will delve into the significance of color accessibility in UI design. It is crucial to ensure that your interface is user-friendly for all, including those with color blindness or other visual impairments.

Approximately 8% of men and 0.5% of women are affected by color blindness, making it challenging for them to differentiate between specific colors. The most prevalent type of color blindness is red-green, which can result in difficulties in distinguishing between these two colors.

To cater to color blindness, it is essential to pay attention to color contrast and use high-contrast color combinations that are easy to differentiate, such as blue and yellow or black and white. Additionally, it's important to consider other visual impairments, such as low vision or sensitivity to specific color combinations, by using large and clear text and avoiding hard-to-read color combinations.

In the following lesson, we will examine the role of color in branding and how to integrate brand colors into UI design effectively.

In this video lecture, we will examine the significance of color in branding and how to effectively integrate brand colors into UI design.

Color plays a crucial role in branding as it creates a strong visual identity and emotional connection with consumers. It's crucial to consider the message you want to convey when selecting brand colors, as different colors evoke various emotions and associations.

Once you have established your brand colors, it's crucial to use them consistently across all marketing materials, including your website or app, to maintain a cohesive look and reinforce your brand identity.

When incorporating brand colors into UI design, it's important to take into account the overall design and user experience. You should use the colors in a manner that supports the design and enhances the user experience.

Additionally, it's vital to consider color accessibility and make sure that your brand colors are easily readable and accessible for all users. High-contrast color combinations and avoiding hard-to-read color combinations can make your interface more accessible to all.

In the next lesson, we will delve into advanced techniques in working with color in UI design, including gradient, blending, and layering.

In this video lecture, we will delve into advanced techniques in working with color in UI design. These techniques can elevate your interfaces by adding depth and visual interest, resulting in a more cohesive look and feel.

Gradient is a powerful technique that can add dimension and interest to flat elements like buttons or backgrounds. A gradient is a smooth transition between two or more colors and can be created using a gradient tool or by using multiple layers of color with adjusted transparency.

Blending is another advanced technique that allows for seamless transitions between colors. By utilizing blending modes, you can achieve a variety of effects, such as overlaying one color on top of another or creating a color dodge effect.

Layering is another technique that can increase the depth and interest of your interface. By layering different elements, you can create a sense of depth and establish visual hierarchy. You can also layer to add texture and interest to flat elements, such as using a pattern overlay on top of a solid color.

While these advanced techniques can be effective in enhancing your interfaces, it's important to use them judiciously and keep the overall design and purpose in mind.

In the next lesson, we will review case studies of effective and ineffective use of color in UI design to help you apply these techniques in practice.

In this video lecture, we'll delve into the impact of color choices in UI design through real-world case studies. By examining effective and ineffective color usage, you will gain insights on how to create visually appealing and user-friendly interfaces.

We will first analyze an example of effective color usage, taking BMW's official website as a case in point. The car brand has successfully employed a harmonious color palette consisting of blue, dark gray, and white shades. These colors work seamlessly to create a cohesive and inviting look, with larger and more saturated elements used to emphasize and guide the user. BMW's website follows a 60/30/10 color scheme, with white as the primary color, accounting for 60% of the background, while dark gray and blue, the secondary and accent colors, respectively, make up 30% and 10% of the site's design.

Next, we'll take a look at an example of ineffective color usage, featuring NYU's homepage design. The use of a single, solid purple color throughout the navigation, body section, and footer, lacks contrast and makes it challenging to distinguish between different areas of the site, thereby hindering navigation. Additionally, the solid background color blocks and grid layout in the body section give an impression of an incomplete page, which could be remedied by incorporating more images or using varied background colors.

These case studies highlight the critical role of color in creating visually appealing and user-friendly interfaces. A harmonious and well-thought-out color palette can enhance the user experience, while an uncoordinated and confusing palette can be overwhelming. In the next lesson, we’re going to practice together on how to select a color palette and apply it to a mock-up website.

In this hands-on lesson, we'll dive into selecting and applying a color palette to a mock-up website. It's time to unleash your creativity and experiment with different color combinations! We'll work together to find a harmonious and balanced color palette that brings our mock-up site to life.

Get ready for an educational experience that's as fun as it is informative!

In the next lesson, we'll talk about your class project so you can practice your new skill and experiment.

In this class project, you will have the opportunity to showcase your creativity by designing a color palette for a music website and mobile app. Using either Figma or Adobe XD, you will apply your color palette to the provided low-fidelity wireframes to create a visually appealing design that complements the overall aesthetic of the website and app.

To get started, download starter files in the downloadable resources section. The possibilities are endless and we can't wait to see the unique color palettes you come up with.

Congratulations on completing the class on using color in UI design! We hope you have gained a solid understanding of how color can impact user experience and the importance of utilizing color theory to create visually appealing color palettes.

Key takeaways from the class include:

  • The psychology of color and its influence on user experience.

  • The crucial role of color theory in designing a cohesive color palette.

  • The importance of experimentation and creating unique color combinations.

Show off your hard work in our community and kindly provide me with feedback to assist in enhancing my lessons.

Thank you for participating in this class. I'm eager to see your creative and stunning UI designs. Happy designing!

For being a great student I wan you to have my eBook: Conquering UI Design

This eBook has helped thousands of designers and non-designers understand the importance of design principles.

Why do some designs fail to impress?

Neglect of basic design principles is often the culprit. By not adhering to the fundamentals of design, designers make poor choices, resulting in subpar designs. To avoid creating lackluster designs, consider learning the top principles and elements of design through this informative ebook.

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Career center

Learners who complete UI Color Theory: Build Accessible Palettes in Figma will develop knowledge and skills that may be useful to these careers:
User Interface Designer
This course is a perfect fit for an aspiring or current User Interface Designer. As a User Interface Designer, you craft the visual elements and interactive properties that users see and engage with in digital products. This role requires a deep understanding of aesthetics, usability, and accessibility, all of which are central to UI Color Theory: Build Accessible Palettes in Figma. The course teaches comprehensive color theory, practical application in Figma and Adobe XD, and crucial WCAG accessibility standards. Learning to create scalable color tokens for light and dark modes, and integrating brand guidelines, directly enhances your ability to design compelling, consistent, and user-friendly interfaces, leading to success in this dynamic field.
Product Designer
For a Product Designer, this course offers invaluable knowledge for creating successful digital experiences. Product designers oversee the entire product lifecycle, from conception to launch, ensuring that both user needs and business objectives are met. A strong grasp of UI color theory, as taught in this course, directly contributes to designing intuitive, accessible, and branded product interfaces. You will learn to apply core color theory principles, ensure WCAG compliance, and create consistent color palettes that align with brand guidelines. The hands-on project in Figma or Adobe XD, focusing on applying palettes to real app screens, equips you with practical skills essential for a Product Designer to build visually engaging products that perform exceptionally.
User Experience Designer
A User Experience Designer focuses on making products easy, efficient, and enjoyable to use. While often broader than visual design, the principles of color heavily influence user perception, interaction, and accessibility. This course, UI Color Theory: Build Accessible Palettes in Figma, directly addresses how color impacts the user experience, teaching you to create compelling color schemes that enhance usability and guide user attention. You'll master WCAG accessibility checks to ensure interfaces are usable for all, including those with visual impairments. This detailed understanding of color's psychological and functional role, coupled with practical application, is fundamental for any User Experience Designer dedicated to crafting inclusive and effective digital solutions.
Visual Designer
As a Visual Designer, your primary goal is to shape the aesthetic appeal and visual language of digital products and marketing materials. This course, UI Color Theory: Build Accessible Palettes in Figma, is exceptionally relevant, providing a deep dive into using color to express brand identity, create visual hierarchy, and enhance overall design impact. You will learn the core concepts of hue, saturation, and contrast, along with advanced techniques like gradients and overlays. Mastering the creation of visually compelling and harmoniously balanced color palettes, while also adhering to accessibility standards, is crucial for a Visual Designer to craft engaging and effective visual communications across various platforms, from web to mobile.
Web Designer
A Web Designer is responsible for the visual design and layout of websites, focusing on user appeal and functionality. The course, UI Color Theory: Build Accessible Palettes in Figma, is highly applicable as it directly addresses how to choose and apply color with confidence across various web projects. You'll gain expertise in core color theory, learn to build accessible palettes using WCAG tools, and understand how to implement light and dark themes. The ability to audit existing palettes, design new ones, and apply them using Figma and Adobe XD, preparing token sheets for developers, provides a Web Designer with the practical skills to create modern, visually appealing, and highly accessible websites.
Mobile Application Designer
As a Mobile Application Designer, you specialize in creating intuitive and engaging interfaces specifically for mobile devices. This course, UI Color Theory: Build Accessible Palettes in Figma, directly supports your career by focusing on building color palettes that work everywhere, including mobile. You will master the fundamentals of color theory, craft compelling color schemes, and learn advanced techniques for use in mobile UI design. Crucially, the course emphasizes exploring color accessibility and integrating brand colors, which are vital for designing mobile apps that are both visually appealing and user-friendly for a diverse audience, ensuring success in the competitive mobile design landscape.
Accessibility Specialist
An Accessibility Specialist ensures that digital products are usable by everyone, regardless of disability. The UI Color Theory: Build Accessible Palettes in Figma course is highly relevant, with a significant focus on WCAG contrast and color accessibility in UI. You will learn methods for checking color accessibility with WCAG tools, fixing low-contrast pairs, and designing for users with color blindness or other visual impairments. This deep dive into creating inclusive color palettes, considering factors like high contrast combinations and avoiding hard-to-read choices, is fundamental for an Accessibility Specialist to advocate for and implement designs that meet universal accessibility standards across all digital interfaces.
Design System Designer
A Design System Designer creates and maintains reusable components and guidelines that ensure consistency across an organization's digital products. This course is highly relevant, as it teaches "creating light and dark themes with scalable color tokens in Figma and Adobe XD" and how to "export a token sheet for developers." Understanding the core of color theory, brand guidelines, and accessibility standards (WCAG) is foundational for building robust and adaptable color systems. By mastering these principles, a Design System Designer can efficiently define and document comprehensive color palettes, ensuring designers and developers consistently apply them, leading to cohesive and efficient product development.
Graphic Designer
For a Graphic Designer looking to transition or expand into digital product design, this course offers essential knowledge. Graphic designers typically create visual concepts using computer software or by hand, to communicate ideas that inspire, inform, or captivate consumers. This course, UI Color Theory: Build Accessible Palettes in Figma, helps build a foundation in applying core color theory and principles to digital interfaces, unlike traditional print. You will learn to use color to guide the eye, express a brand, and boost usability, specifically within UI design. Furthermore, the emphasis on accessibility and practical application in Figma or Adobe XD are critical skills for a Graphic Designer to leverage in the digital product space.
Brand Identity Designer
A Brand Identity Designer crafts the visual elements that represent a company's essence, values, and personality. This course, UI Color Theory: Build Accessible Palettes in Figma, may be useful for understanding how brand colors translate into digital user interfaces. The course includes a specific focus on "working with brand guidelines so your palette fits the business" and examining the "significance of color in branding." Learning to apply established brand colors consistently and accessibly across various UI elements in Figma or Adobe XD is vital for a Brand Identity Designer committed to maintaining a cohesive and impactful visual identity in the digital realm.
Interaction Designer
An Interaction Designer focuses on the user's relationship with a product, optimizing user flows and creating engaging interactive experiences. While not solely about visual aesthetics, color plays a critical role in guiding user attention, providing feedback, and enhancing the overall interactive experience. This course, UI Color Theory: Build Accessible Palettes in Figma, may be helpful by teaching how color can "enhance the hierarchy and emphasis" in UI design. Understanding how color affects user perception, combined with ensuring accessibility, can enable an Interaction Designer to create more intuitive and inclusive interactions, leading to more effective and enjoyable digital products.
Product Manager
A Product Manager leads the strategy, roadmap, and feature definition for a product. While not directly designing, product managers benefit immensely from understanding design principles to effectively communicate with design teams and make informed decisions. This course, UI Color Theory: Build Accessible Palettes in Figma, may be useful for a Product Manager, as it is designed for those who "review color tokens." Understanding the fundamentals of color theory, accessibility standards (WCAG), and how color impacts user experience and brand representation allows you to provide more specific and constructive feedback, manage design processes, and ensure the final product aligns with user needs and business goals.
Frontend Developer
A Frontend Developer builds the user-facing side of websites and applications, implementing the visual and interactive elements designed by UI/UX teams. Although "no coding is needed" for this course, it is designed for "developers who review color tokens." This course, UI Color Theory: Build Accessible Palettes in Figma, may be helpful by providing a deeper understanding of the "why" behind color choices, including core color theory, WCAG accessibility, and the creation of "scalable color tokens" and "token sheets for developers." This knowledge allows a Frontend Developer to interpret design specifications more accurately, implement color systems effectively, and contribute to building accessible and visually consistent digital products.
Digital Marketing Professional
A Digital Marketing Professional develops and executes online campaigns to promote products or services, utilizing various digital channels. While not a direct design role, understanding the principles of visual communication is critical for creating effective marketing collateral. This course, UI Color Theory: Build Accessible Palettes in Figma, may be useful for a Digital Marketing Professional by enhancing their comprehension of how color influences perception, evokes emotion, and guides user attention in digital interfaces. The course's focus on brand colors and creating visually compelling palettes can directly inform the design choices for landing pages, advertisements, and social media content, strengthening brand messaging and user engagement.
Content Designer
A Content Designer focuses on the user experience of content, ensuring it is clear, concise, and strategically placed. While primarily working with text, the visual presentation of content, heavily influenced by color, impacts readability, hierarchy, and user engagement. This course, UI Color Theory: Build Accessible Palettes in Figma, may be helpful for a Content Designer by providing insight into how color can "enhance the hierarchy and emphasis" of information, making key content elements stand out. Understanding color accessibility and how different palettes affect readability is crucial for ensuring content is consumable for all users, enabling a Content Designer to collaborate more effectively with visual teams and create truly impactful content experiences.

Reading list

We haven't picked any books for this reading list yet.
A seminal work that explores the psychology behind how we interact with everyday objects, this book provides a crucial foundation for understanding user behavior and designing intuitive interfaces. While not solely focused on digital UI, its principles are universally applicable and considered a must-read for anyone entering the design field.
Delves into the theoretical foundations of interaction design, exploring how users interact with technology and how to design for effective and engaging experiences.
Provides a foundational framework for understanding user experience design, breaking it down into five planes: strategy, scope, structure, skeleton, and surface. It's a great resource for beginners to grasp the overall process of creating user-centered digital experiences.
Provides a comprehensive guide to UI design for mobile devices, covering topics such as screen design, navigation, and user interaction.
Focuses on the practical aspects of prototyping, providing step-by-step instructions on how to create effective and low-fidelity prototypes.
Focuses on the user experience of mobile apps, providing practical guidelines on how to create intuitive and engaging interfaces.
Explores the role of emotions in design, providing insights into how to create products that are not only functional but also emotionally appealing.
Foundational text for anyone in UI design, focusing on the principles of intuitive navigation and information design with a common-sense approach to web usability. It's an excellent starting point for beginners and offers practical tips for immediate application. While not exclusively about UI, its core principles are directly applicable and essential for creating user-friendly interfaces.
This comprehensive book delves into goal-directed design and provides a detailed framework for interaction design. It's a valuable resource for understanding the entire design process and is often used as a reference for best practices in creating well-behaved and delightful products.
Serves as a comprehensive guide and reference for common UI design patterns and terminology. While some examples may be dated, the underlying principles and patterns remain highly relevant for understanding how to design effective and familiar interfaces.
Presents a cross-disciplinary collection of design principles that are fundamental to creating effective and understandable interfaces. It's a useful reference for designers of all levels to understand the core concepts that underpin good design across various fields.
Explores the psychological principles that influence user behavior and provides designers with a framework for creating persuasive and ethical products. It's a valuable resource for understanding the 'why' behind design decisions and is relevant for both UI and UX professionals.
Emphasizes the importance of communication in UI design and provides practical tools for solving real-life UI problems. It's a good resource for understanding the fundamental principles of creating user-centered interfaces through clear and effective communication.
Translates psychological principles into actionable design advice, offering 100 concise insights into how users think, read, remember, and make decisions. It's a valuable resource for incorporating human behavior into UI design.
This intriguing book explores how psychology is used in interface design for persuasion and commercial gain, including discussions of dark patterns. It offers a fascinating perspective on the ethical considerations of UI design and how interfaces can influence user behavior.
Provides a comprehensive overview of UI design principles and best practices, covering topics such as user research, information architecture, visual design, and interaction design.

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