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Practical Steps for Building Fair AI Algorithms

Emma Pierson and Kowe Kadoma

Algorithms increasingly help make high-stakes decisions in healthcare, criminal justice, hiring, and other important areas. This makes it essential that these algorithms be fair, but recent years have shown the many ways algorithms can have biases by age, gender, nationality, race, and other attributes. This course will teach you ten practical principles for designing fair algorithms. It will emphasize real-world relevance via concrete takeaways from case studies of modern algorithms, including those in criminal justice, healthcare, and large language models like ChatGPT. You will come away with an understanding of the basic rules to follow when trying to design fair algorithms, and assess algorithms for fairness.

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Algorithms increasingly help make high-stakes decisions in healthcare, criminal justice, hiring, and other important areas. This makes it essential that these algorithms be fair, but recent years have shown the many ways algorithms can have biases by age, gender, nationality, race, and other attributes. This course will teach you ten practical principles for designing fair algorithms. It will emphasize real-world relevance via concrete takeaways from case studies of modern algorithms, including those in criminal justice, healthcare, and large language models like ChatGPT. You will come away with an understanding of the basic rules to follow when trying to design fair algorithms, and assess algorithms for fairness.

This course is aimed at a broad audience of students in high school or above who are interested in computer science and algorithm design. It will not require you to write code, and relevant computer science concepts will be explained at the beginning of the course. The course is designed to be useful to engineers and data scientists interested in building fair algorithms; policy-makers and managers interested in assessing algorithms for fairness; and all citizens of a society increasingly shaped by algorithmic decision-making.

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What's inside

Syllabus

Introduction
In this module, you'll learn the basic concepts this course relies on: what an algorithm is, and why fairness is tricky and subtle to define. We'll start by defining what a predictive algorithm even is, because this course is designed to be accessible to students who have never taken a computer science class. (If you have taken a previous class on predictive algorithms or machine learning, feel free to skip this section.) Then we'll jump right into fairness. This course will present ten practical fairness lessons, and in this module we'll discuss two of them. We'll also give a sneak preview of how the lessons of this course apply to generative AI models like ChatGPT.
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Designing Algorithms
This module will cover fundamental lessons for designing fair algorithms: what data they should be trained on, what features they should use to predict, and what outcomes they should predict.
Documenting Algorithms
This module discusses the importance of documenting algorithms and datasets so they are used only in settings where they are appropriate.
Algorithms in the hands of humans
This module discusses the complex interplay between algorithmic predictions and human decisions.

Good to know

Know what's good
, what to watch for
, and possible dealbreakers
Explores issues of algorithmic fairness, which are particularly relevant in today's data-driven society
Presents ten practical principles for designing fair algorithms, making the course highly applicable
Emphasizes real-world relevance through case studies of modern algorithms, including those used in criminal justice, healthcare, and large language models like ChatGPT
Taught by Emma Pierson and Kowe Kadoma, both experienced professionals in the field of algorithmic fairness
Suitable for a broad audience, including students in high school or above with an interest in computer science and algorithm design, as well as engineers, data scientists, policy-makers, and managers
Does not require prior coding experience, making it accessible to beginners

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Activities

Be better prepared before your course. Deepen your understanding during and after it. Supplement your coursework and achieve mastery of the topics covered in Practical Steps for Building Fair AI Algorithms with these activities:
Review principles of fairness
Refresh your knowledge of fairness principles to build a stronger foundation for this course.
Browse courses on Algorithmic Fairness
Show steps
  • Read the course syllabus and course description to understand the course objectives and key topics.
  • Review notes or textbooks from previous courses on ethics in computer science or algorithmic fairness.
  • Complete online tutorials or watch videos that provide an overview of fairness principles in machine learning and artificial intelligence.
Organize Your Learning Materials
Ensure a smooth learning experience by organizing your notes, assignments, and resources.
Show steps
  • Create a dedicated folder or notebook for this course.
  • Regularly review and organize your notes to improve retention.
Attend the 'Data Science for Social Good' Meetup
Connect with professionals in the field and engage in discussions about the ethical and fair use of algorithms.
Browse courses on Data Science
Show steps
  • Find and attend a local meetup or online event focused on data science for social good.
  • Introduce yourself to others and share your interests in fair algorithm design.
  • Participate in discussions and learn from the experiences of others.
Ten other activities
Expand to see all activities and additional details
Show all 13 activities
Solve Fairness-Related Algorithm Problems on LeetCode
Sharpen your algorithm design skills with targeted practice on fairness-related problems.
Browse courses on Algorithms
Show steps
  • Identify and attempt to solve fairness-related algorithm problems on LeetCode.
  • Analyze the solutions and discuss them with peers or mentors to identify areas for improvement.
Analyze real-world examples of algorithmic bias
Develop practical skills in identifying and analyzing algorithmic bias through real-world examples.
Show steps
  • Gather news articles, research papers, or case studies that highlight examples of algorithmic bias in various domains.
  • Analyze the examples to identify the type of bias, its potential impact, and the underlying factors contributing to it.
  • Discuss the ethical implications and potential solutions to address the identified biases.
Review "Artificial Intelligence: A Textbook for Ethical Deployment"
Prepare yourself for ethical considerations when designing algorithms and deploying AI models.
Browse courses on Ethical AI
Show steps
  • Read each chapter thoroughly and make notes on key concepts, such as fairness, bias, and algorithmic transparency.
  • Participate in online discussion forums about the book's content and engage with other learners.
Learn techniques for designing fair algorithms
Acquire knowledge and skills in applying techniques to design algorithms that are fair and unbiased.
Show steps
  • Explore online tutorials, workshops, or courses that teach best practices for designing fair algorithms.
  • Follow along with guided examples that demonstrate how to implement fairness-aware machine learning techniques.
  • Experiment with different bias mitigation techniques and evaluate their effectiveness in addressing specific types of bias.
Participate in a 'Bias in AI' Workshop
Gain practical insights and techniques for mitigating bias in algorithms through interactive workshops.
Browse courses on Bias in AI
Show steps
  • Find and register for a workshop on bias in AI.
  • Actively participate in discussions and exercises.
  • Apply the knowledge gained to your own projects and assignments.
Try Coursera's 'Algorithmic Decision Making' Specialization
Gain a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and techniques involved in designing fair and responsible algorithms.
Show steps
  • Enroll in the Coursera specialization and complete the interactive modules and assignments.
  • Apply the principles learned to real-world scenarios and use the provided case studies to practice.
Develop a presentation on a fairness case study
Enhance your understanding of algorithmic fairness by researching and presenting a real-world case study.
Browse courses on Case Study Analysis
Show steps
  • Choose a specific case study of algorithmic bias or fairness that interests you.
  • Research the case study in-depth, gathering information from news articles, research papers, and other relevant sources.
  • Develop a presentation that clearly outlines the context, bias identified, ethical implications, and potential solutions.
  • Practice delivering your presentation to effectively communicate your findings and insights.
Design and Implement an Algorithm for Fairness
Demonstrate your understanding of fair algorithm design by creating and implementing an algorithm that addresses real-world bias.
Browse courses on Algorithms
Show steps
  • Identify a specific domain or problem where bias in algorithms is known to exist.
  • Research and analyze existing techniques for addressing bias in algorithms.
  • Design and implement your own algorithm that incorporates fairness principles.
  • Evaluate the performance of your algorithm using appropriate metrics and compare it to existing algorithms.
  • Document your findings and share your algorithm with the community.
Attend a workshop on algorithmic fairness
Stay up-to-date with the latest research and best practices in algorithmic fairness by attending relevant workshops.
Show steps
  • Research and identify workshops or conferences that focus on algorithmic fairness and ethical AI.
  • Attend the workshop and actively participate in discussions, presentations, and hands-on activities.
  • Network with experts and fellow attendees to gain insights and expand your knowledge.
Contribute to Fairness-Focused Open-Source Projects
Engage with the open-source community and contribute to projects that promote fair and equitable algorithms.
Browse courses on Open Source
Show steps
  • Identify open-source projects focused on fairness in algorithms.
  • Contribute to the documentation, code, or issue tracking of these projects.
  • Collaborate with other contributors to improve the quality and impact of the projects.

Career center

Learners who complete Practical Steps for Building Fair AI Algorithms will develop knowledge and skills that may be useful to these careers:
Data Scientist
Data Scientists use machine learning algorithms to make predictions about data. They must be familiar with the legal and ethical implications of algorithmic fairness, and must be skilled at designing and implementing fair algorithms. This course will provide you with the foundation you need to succeed as a Data Scientist by teaching you how to design fair algorithms and assess algorithms for fairness.
Machine Learning Engineer
Machine Learning Engineers design, build, and deploy machine learning models. They must have a strong understanding of the principles of fairness in AI, and must be able to apply these principles to their work. This course will provide you with the skills you need to succeed as a Machine Learning Engineer by teaching you how to design fair algorithms and assess algorithms for fairness.
Algorithm Designer
Algorithm Designers develop and analyze algorithms to solve computational problems. They must be familiar with the principles of fairness in AI, and must be able to apply these principles to their work. This course will provide you with the foundation you need to succeed as an Algorithm Designer by teaching you how to design fair algorithms and assess algorithms for fairness.
Data Analyst
Data Analysts collect, analyze, and interpret data to help businesses make informed decisions. They must be familiar with the principles of fairness in AI, and must be able to apply these principles to their work. This course will provide you with the skills you need to succeed as a Data Analyst by teaching you how to design fair algorithms and assess algorithms for fairness.
Software Engineer
Software Engineers design, develop, and maintain software systems. They must be familiar with the principles of fairness in AI, and must be able to apply these principles to their work. This course will provide you with the skills you need to succeed as a Software Engineer by teaching you how to design fair algorithms and assess algorithms for fairness.
Risk Analyst
Risk Analysts identify and assess risks to businesses and organizations. They must be familiar with the principles of fairness in AI, and must be able to apply these principles to their work. This course will provide you with the skills you need to succeed as a Risk Analyst by teaching you how to design fair algorithms and assess algorithms for fairness.
Auditor
Auditors examine and evaluate the financial and operational records of businesses and organizations. They must be familiar with the principles of fairness in AI, and must be able to apply these principles to their work. This course will provide you with the skills you need to succeed as an Auditor by teaching you how to design fair algorithms and assess algorithms for fairness.
Policy Analyst
Policy Analysts develop and analyze policies to address social and economic issues. They must be familiar with the principles of fairness in AI, and must be able to apply these principles to their work. This course will provide you with the skills you need to succeed as a Policy Analyst by teaching you how to design fair algorithms and assess algorithms for fairness.
Compliance Officer
Compliance Officers ensure that businesses and organizations comply with laws and regulations. They must be familiar with the principles of fairness in AI, and must be able to apply these principles to their work. This course will provide you with the skills you need to succeed as a Compliance Officer by teaching you how to design fair algorithms and assess algorithms for fairness.
Lawyer
Lawyers advise clients on legal matters and represent them in court. They must be familiar with the principles of fairness in AI, and must be able to apply these principles to their work. This course will provide you with the skills you need to succeed as a Lawyer by teaching you how to design fair algorithms and assess algorithms for fairness.
Teacher
Teachers educate students in a variety of subjects. They must be familiar with the principles of fairness in AI, and must be able to apply these principles to their work. This course may help build a foundation for success as a Teacher by teaching you how to design fair algorithms and assess algorithms for fairness.
Consultant
Consultants provide advice to businesses and organizations on a variety of topics. They must be familiar with the principles of fairness in AI, and must be able to apply these principles to their work. This course may help build a foundation for success as a Consultant by teaching you how to design fair algorithms and assess algorithms for fairness.
Researcher
Researchers conduct research to advance knowledge in a variety of fields. They must be familiar with the principles of fairness in AI, and must be able to apply these principles to their work. This course may help build a foundation for success as a Researcher by teaching you how to design fair algorithms and assess algorithms for fairness.
Journalist
Journalists investigate and report on news and current events. They must be familiar with the principles of fairness in AI, and must be able to apply these principles to their work. This course may help build a foundation for success as a Journalist by teaching you how to design fair algorithms and assess algorithms for fairness.
Entrepreneur
Entrepreneurs start and run their own businesses. They must be familiar with the principles of fairness in AI, and must be able to apply these principles to their work. This course may help build a foundation for success as an Entrepreneur by teaching you how to design fair algorithms and assess algorithms for fairness.

Reading list

We've selected nine books that we think will supplement your learning. Use these to develop background knowledge, enrich your coursework, and gain a deeper understanding of the topics covered in Practical Steps for Building Fair AI Algorithms.
Will provide a comprehensive overview of the ethical considerations in designing and deploying AI algorithms, including the principles of fairness, accountability, and transparency.
Provides a practical guide to developing interpretable machine learning models, which are essential for understanding and mitigating biases in AI algorithms.
Offers a critical examination of how search engines perpetuate and reinforce racial biases, shedding light on the systemic issues in technology design and development.
More challenging but extremely foundational book that would be very good to use as a reference for those looking for a more in-depth treatment of the topics.
This would be a good introductory textbook for students who are new to machine learning.
Covers a variety of advanced topics in computer vision, such as image processing, feature extraction, and object recognition.
This classic book on reinforcement learning that would be helpful for students interested in the applications of fair AI algorithms in this field.

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