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Lisa A. Holden, Gabriella A. Varga, Bhushan Jayarao, James Dunn, Greg Roth, Robert Van Saun, Kathy Soder, Troy L. Ott, Alexander N. Hristov, and Chad Dechow

With the world's first MOOOOO-C, you will gain a broad and comprehensive understanding of all aspects of dairy management such as genetics, nutrition, reproduction, animal health, farm economics, and sustainability of dairy production systems. There's something here for everyone whether you are just looking for the basics or have years of experience in the dairy industry.

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With the world's first MOOOOO-C, you will gain a broad and comprehensive understanding of all aspects of dairy management such as genetics, nutrition, reproduction, animal health, farm economics, and sustainability of dairy production systems. There's something here for everyone whether you are just looking for the basics or have years of experience in the dairy industry.

This is an eight-week course. Each week consists of four to nine video lectures, additional reading materials, and a multiple-choice questions quiz. Estimated study time is between three and five hours per week. Learners have the option to purchase a Course Certificate for 49.00 USD. The certificate can be purchased at any time, but you must verify your identify before taking the course quizzes in order to be eligible. For those who cannot afford the certificate fee, financial aid is available through Coursera.

Why is producing milk efficiently and sustainably so important?

Milk provides humans with over 16 essential nutrients, such as: Energy, Protein and Essential Amino acids, Vitamin A, Vitamin D, several B vitamins, including B12, Pantothenic and Folic acids, and essential minerals such as Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Zinc, as well as other minerals. Did you know that one glass of milk provides a 5-year old child with 21% of his/her daily protein requirements and 8% of their energy needs?

Most milk in the world, about 85%, is produced from cattle. However, water buffaloes, goats, sheep, and camel are also dairy animals. The United States, India, the European Union, Brazil, and New Zealand are among the largest dairy producers in the world. Yet among these dairy-producing countries there are varied methods to generate milk with highly variable productivity and efficiency. Dairy production is vital for the survival of billions of people. Globally, around 150 million small-scale dairy households, equivalent to 750 million people, are engaged in milk production. The number and size of dairy farms varies among countries, but in India alone, there are estimated 78 million dairy farms! In the United States, one of the leading milk-producing countries in the world, total milk production has been steadily increasing in the last decades, reaching over 205 billion pounds (93 billion kilograms) in 2014. This was accompanied by a steady increase in average milk yield per cow, reaching 22,260 lb (over 10,100 kg) per lactation in 2014. How has this efficiency been achieved? What methods are necessary to ensure production of high quality milk? How do we balance milk production efficiency with animal health and environmental protection? This course will provide the student with information to better understand dairy production systems and their role in feeding the world population.

In this MOOOOO-C, you will learn about the dairy enterprise from internationally recognized dairy science professors who have delivered highly regarded dairy education programs within the United States and internationally.

Course lectures are translated into Portuguese and Chinese; PDF files of these translations can be found under each course week. The Dairy MOOC team thanks Dr. Antonio Branco (Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Brazil) and Ms. Yuanyuan Zhang (Pennsylvania State University) for translating the lecture materials.

Course Sponsors

This course was supported by the generous contributions of Innovation Center for US Dairy at Silver Level and Pancosma North America, RP Nutrients, Inc. and Arm and Hammer, which provided funding support at a Bronze Level. The Pennsylvania State University has final responsibility for the academic content of this course.

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What's inside

Syllabus

Orientation and Dairy Genetics
In the Dairy Genetics module, you will learn about the different breeds of dairy cattle, their popularity and how performance varies from one breed to the next. We will consider the many different traits that are evaluated by farmers and breeders during genetic selection, and how we collect data to conduct genetic evaluations. In order to simplify the selection process we will consider selection indexes. You will learn how dairy cattle have changed over the last half-century, and the factors that alter the rate of genetic progress. Finally, you will learn about the technologies that have helped to accelerate genetic gain in dairy cattle such as artificial insemination and genomic testing. Those of you, who would like to get more engaged in discussions and are interested in completing the Course Certificate requirements, can participate in discussion forums and take the weekly quiz. We hope you enjoy learning about the genetics of the dairy cow!
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Forage Production and Pasture Management
This week you will learn about what forages are, why they are important and the multiple roles they play on the dairy farm. We will also review some of the basic management considerations that are involved in the establishment, production and harvesting of these crops. The first lecture will focus on the multiple roles that forages play on the farm on considerations that are necessary to develop an effective forage production system. In the second lecture we will discuss some common perennial forage crops and their management. This will include alfalfa, alfalfa grass mixtures and grasses. In the third lecture, we will discuss the annual forages commonly used on dairy farms: corn, sorghums and small grains. You will learn how to utilize pastures in dairy production systems. The fourth lecture will discuss grazing and pasture management, including challenges of grazing systems, how grazing management has evolved, and proper grazing management for optimum forage and animal productivity. The fifth lecture will focus on nutrition for grazing herds, including nutrient content of pasture relative to the nutrient requirements of lactating dairy cows and strategic supplementation strategies for optimal animal health and milk production. Those of you, who would like to get more engaged in discussions and are interested in completing the Course Certificate requirements, can participate in discussion forums and take the weekly quiz. Enjoy this week's material and the entire course!
Feeds, Hay and Silage Making, and Feed Processing
This week you will learn about feeds commonly fed to dairy cows and feed processing. We will first discuss the feeding characteristics of forages such as corn silage, alfalfa haylage, grass and small grain silages, will then move to concentrate feeds that provide energy or protein in a dairy ration, and at the end will discuss feed additives. You will also learn about the most important factors in making high quality hay and silage for dairy cows. The final lecture of this week will introduce you to processing methods designed to increase the nutritive value of forages, the importance of particle size and effective fiber in dairy rations, and most common processing methods for cereal grains and oilseeds. At the end, we will discuss how to read and understand forage analysis reports. Those of you, who would like to get more engaged in discussions and are interested in completing the Course Certificate requirements, can participate in discussion forums and take the weekly quiz. Enjoy this week's material and the entire course!
Nutrition Basics, Requirements, and Feeding of Lactating Cows
This week you will be introduced to the principles of animal nutrition, basic nutrients and their metabolism, sources for these nutrients in a dairy diet, the anatomy of the digestive tract of a ruminant animal, the wonderful world of the rumen microbes, and major end-product of ruminal fermentation. Further, you will learn about energy and protein metabolism and nutrition, and nutrient requirements and their importance in feeding dairy cows. In the last segment of Week 4, we will discuss the life cycle of a dairy cow, lactation curve, grouping strategies, diet formulation basics, typical sources of energy and protein in dairy diets, will touch on mineral and vitamin nutrition, summarize nutritional recommendations for the various stages of the lactation, and diet preparation techniques. Those of you, who would like to get more engaged in discussions and are interested in completing the Course Certificate requirements, can participate in discussion forums and take the weekly quiz. Enjoy this week's material and the entire course!
Calf and Heifer Nutrition and Feeding of Dry Cows
Calf health, growth, and productivity rely heavily on nutrition and management practices. Every heifer calf born on a dairy farm represents an opportunity to maintain or increase herd size, to improve the herd genetically, or to improve economic returns to the farm. The objectives of raising the newborn calf to weaning age are optimizing growth and minimizing health problems. In this video we will discuss the development of the calf's digestive system, learn how important colostrum is for the immune system, and the nutrients the calf needs to be healthy and grow well. We will discuss critical phases of growth for the dairy heifer, the importance of good facilities, and how nutrition plays an important role in getting a healthy well grown heifer ready to be bred and prepared to have her first calf.Proper management and nutrition of the dairy cow transitioning into lactation is very important for obtaining a healthy calf, increased reproductive efficiency and optimal milk production in the following lactation. We will learn how this can be achieved by feeding balanced diets, providing good cow comfort, and assuring the cow is in good body condition before and after she calves. There are many feeding strategies that work for feeding dry cows however the goal should always be to provide high quality feed sources, consistent availability of feed, adequate bunk space and a comfortable environment. We will discuss  how best to manage and feed the dry cow prior to calving so she can transition into lactation with a healthy calf and produce high quality milk. Those of you, who would like to get more engaged in discussions and are interested in completing the Course Certificate requirements, can participate in discussion forums and take the weekly quiz. Enjoy this week's material and the entire course!
Dairy Reproduction
This week you will learn basic concepts related to reproduction on dairy farms. We will start with a discussion of the life cycle of the dairy cow and how to adequately prepare a heifer for her fist calving. Next will be a discussion of the basic anatomy and function of the male and female reproductive tracts. This will be followed by an overview of the bovine estrous cycle and the main hormones and ovarian structures that control the cycle. We will follow this with a discussion of factors controlling the expression of estrus by dairy cows and how to be more effective at detecting estrus. We will highlight the critical need to time ovulation and insemination to maximize conception rates and will discuss some of the factors which reduce conception rates. This will be illustrated by a discussion of the key reproductive metric, pregnancy rate. Viewers will learn about strategies to increase pregnancy rates and will better understand methods used for pregnancy detection along with the critical need for early and accurate pregnancy detection to maximize the farms’ pregnancy rates. Those of you, who would like to get more engaged in discussions and are interested in completing the Course Certificate requirements, can participate in discussion forums and take the weekly quiz. Enjoy this week's material and the entire course!
Animal Health and Milk Quality
In Week 7 of this course, you will learn about disease concerns of dairy cows and calves and management practices addressing diagnosis and prevention. Our discussions will progress from first establishing disease prevention concepts of biosecurity and evolutionary change to dairy herd health programs. The next three discussions will focus on disease issues related to the calving cow, calf and lactating cow. These lessons will provide background information and practical skills in recognizing disease problems early in an effort to minimize adverse consequences on animal health and performance. The last two discussions will focus on disease treatment and prevention practices in addressing important conceptual approaches as specific mechanisms for treatment and prevention are dependent upon regulatory issues within a given country. We will address the controversial issue of antibiotic usage in the treatment of cows as an important concern for food production, but also as part of good animal care and ensuring animal welfare. Preventive practices of vaccination strategies and parasite control will be framed in a conceptual approach that could be applied to differing farm situations. Finally our discussion will emphasize the importance of good nutrition, thus linking information from other course modules, to establishing proper dairy management practices to ensuring quality cow care and minimizing disease risks. Those of you, who would like to get more engaged in discussions and are interested in completing the Course Certificate requirements, can participate in discussion forums and take the weekly quiz. Enjoy this week's material and the entire course!
Farm Economics and Environment
In Week 8 of the course, you will learn about the basics of dairy farm management and identify some key aspects of farm level economics that impact farm productivity and profitability. From crops to cows to cash, the dairy farm is an economic engine that has positive impacts on local communities. The second part of this series expands on dairy’s local impact to provide a global view of dairy markets around the world. From price volatility to seasonal milk supplies, the world marketplace for dairy products is complex. In the last lectures of this course we will discuss the environmental implications of dairy production and strategies for decreasing nitrogen, phosphorus, and greenhouse gas emissions from dairy operations. Those of you, who would like to get more engaged in discussions and are interested in completing the Course Certificate requirements, can participate in discussion forums and take the weekly quiz. Enjoy this week's material and the entire course!

Good to know

Know what's good
, what to watch for
, and possible dealbreakers
Teaches students about a variety of topics, including genetics, nutrition, and farm economics, which are essential for a well-rounded foundation in dairy management
Offers various video lectures, additional reading materials, and quizzes, providing learners with a diverse range of resources
Optional Course Certificate available for $49, which provides students with verification of their knowledge and skills
Taught by highly qualified and experienced instructors in the field of dairy science, ensuring up-to-date and comprehensive knowledge
Addresses real-world challenges and sustainability concerns in dairy production, making it relevant to current industry practices
Covers topics such as forage production, feed processing, and reproductive management, which are crucial for efficient and profitable dairy operations

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Reviews summary

Dairy production knowledge

Students say this course benefits those interested in the care and management of dairy animals. Learners also mention that this course is highly informative when it comes to dairy production.
Course is good for animal lovers.
"I love to enroll this kind of course because I love animals."
Helpful information about dairy production.
"Great course, with so much related information."

Activities

Be better prepared before your course. Deepen your understanding during and after it. Supplement your coursework and achieve mastery of the topics covered in Dairy Production and Management with these activities:
Dairy Industry and Sustainability
Dairy production and sustainability are important concepts for understanding modern dairy production. Reviewing these topics will make you better prepared for the materials presented in the course.
Browse courses on Dairy Production
Show steps
  • Review the article 'The Dairy Industry and Sustainability' by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization.
  • Read the case study 'Sustainability in Dairy Farming' by the World Wildlife Fund.
Dairy Cattle Health and Disease
Diagnosing and treating diseases in dairy cattle is crucial for maintaining herd health. This activity simulates a real-life scenario where you will diagnose and treat a common dairy cow disease.
Browse courses on Animal Health
Show steps
  • Use the 'Dairy Cattle Disease Diagnoser' tool to diagnose a sick cow.
  • Research treatment options and create a treatment plan.
Dairy Farm Business Plan
Creating a business plan will allow you to apply the concepts learned in the course to a practical scenario.
Browse courses on Agribusiness
Show steps
  • Develop a mission statement and goals for your dairy farm.
  • Conduct a market analysis to identify target customers and competitors.
  • Create a production plan that outlines your strategies for raising and milking dairy cows.
  • Develop a marketing plan to promote your dairy products and services.
  • Project your financial performance and create a budget.
Show all three activities

Career center

Learners who complete Dairy Production and Management will develop knowledge and skills that may be useful to these careers:
Dairy Scientist
A Dairy Scientist researches and develops new and improved methods of producing and processing dairy products. They may also work on developing new products, such as new types of cheese or milk. This course can help you build a foundation in dairy science, which can be helpful for those who want to work in this field. The course covers a wide range of topics, including genetics, nutrition, reproduction, animal health, farm economics, and sustainability of dairy production systems. This knowledge can be helpful for Dairy Scientists, who need to have a comprehensive understanding of the dairy industry.
Farm Manager
A Farm Manager plans, organizes, directs, controls, and evaluates farming operations to maximize efficiency and profitability. They also manage the daily operations of the farm, including the care of livestock, crops, and equipment. In order to perform their jobs effectively, they need to thoroughly understand the principles and practices of dairy production. This course, which covers everything from genetics and nutrition to animal health, can help you build a foundation and ultimately succeed in this role.
Dairy Farmer
A Dairy Farmer owns and operates a dairy farm, where they raise dairy cows and produce milk. They may also be responsible for marketing and selling their products. This course can help you build a foundation in dairy farming, which can be helpful for those who want to work in this field. The course covers a wide range of topics, including genetics, nutrition, reproduction, animal health, and farm economics.
Animal Nutritionist
An Animal Nutritionist develops and evaluates feeding programs for livestock, including dairy cows. They also conduct research on the nutritional needs of animals and develop new feeding strategies. This course can help you build a foundation in animal nutrition, which can be helpful for those who want to work in this field. The course covers a wide range of topics, including the principles of animal nutrition, basic nutrients and their metabolism, sources for these nutrients in a dairy diet, the anatomy of the digestive tract of a ruminant animal, the wonderful world of the rumen microbes, and major end-product of ruminal fermentation.
Animal Breeder
An Animal Breeder develops and implements breeding programs to improve the genetic traits of animals, including dairy cows. They may also work on developing new breeds of animals. This course can help you build a foundation in animal breeding, which can be helpful for those who want to work in this field. The course covers a wide range of topics, including genetics, nutrition, reproduction, and animal health.
Dairy Herd Manager
A Dairy Herd Manager oversees the day-to-day operations of a dairy farm, including the milking, feeding, and care of the cows. They may also be responsible for breeding and marketing the dairy products. This course can help you build a foundation in dairy herd management, which can be helpful for those who want to work in this field. The course covers a wide range of topics, including genetics, nutrition, reproduction, animal health, and farm economics.
Dairy Technician
A Dairy Technician performs a variety of tasks related to the care and milking of dairy cows. They may also be responsible for feeding, breeding, and monitoring the health of the cows. This course may be useful for those who want to work as a Dairy Technician, as it covers a wide range of topics related to dairy production, including genetics, nutrition, reproduction, and animal health.
Veterinarian
A Veterinarian diagnoses and treats diseases, injuries, and disorders in animals, including dairy cows. They may also perform surgeries and prescribe medications. This course may be useful for those who want to work as a Veterinarian, as it covers a wide range of topics related to animal health, including disease concerns of dairy cows and calves and management practices addressing diagnosis and prevention.
Dairy Plant Manager
A Dairy Plant Manager oversees the operations of a dairy processing plant, including the production, packaging, and distribution of dairy products. They may also be responsible for quality control and safety. This course may be useful for those who want to work as a Dairy Plant Manager, as it covers a wide range of topics related to dairy production and processing.
Forage Production Manager
A Forage Production Manager oversees the production of forages, such as hay and silage, which are used to feed dairy cows. They may also be responsible for managing land, equipment, and labor. This course may be useful for those who want to work as a Forage Production Manager, as it covers a wide range of topics related to forage production and management.
Environmental Consultant
An Environmental Consultant helps businesses and organizations to understand and comply with environmental regulations. They may also develop and implement environmental management plans. This course may be useful for those who want to work as an Environmental Consultant, as it covers a wide range of topics related to the environmental implications of dairy production and strategies for decreasing nitrogen, phosphorus, and greenhouse gas emissions from dairy operations.
Agricultural Economist
An Agricultural Economist analyzes and interprets data to understand the economic factors that affect the agricultural industry, including the dairy industry. They may also develop policies and programs to help farmers improve their profitability. This course may be useful for those who want to work as an Agricultural Economist, as it covers a wide range of topics related to farm economics, including the basics of dairy farm management and key aspects of farm level economics that impact farm productivity and profitability
Dairy Processor
A Dairy Processor processes raw milk into dairy products, such as cheese, yogurt, and ice cream. They may also be responsible for packaging and distributing the products. This course may be useful for those who want to work as a Dairy Processor, as it covers a wide range of topics related to dairy production and processing.
Dairy Sales Representative
A Dairy Sales Representative sells and markets dairy products to customers, such as grocery stores, restaurants, and food service companies. They may also provide technical support to customers and help them develop new products. This course may be useful for those who want to work as a Dairy Sales Representative, as it covers a wide range of topics related to dairy production and marketing.
Feed Mill Manager
A Feed Mill Manager oversees the operations of a feed mill, which produces animal feed, including feed for dairy cows. They may also be responsible for purchasing ingredients, managing inventory, and scheduling production. This course may be useful for those who want to work as a Feed Mill Manager, as it covers a wide range of topics related to dairy production and animal nutrition.

Reading list

We've selected six books that we think will supplement your learning. Use these to develop background knowledge, enrich your coursework, and gain a deeper understanding of the topics covered in Dairy Production and Management.
Provides a comprehensive overview of bovine reproduction, including female and male reproductive systems, estrus cycles, gestation, and parturition.
Provides detailed information on the feeding and management of dairy goats.
Provides a comprehensive overview of the use of dairy ingredients in food processing.
Dairy Production Handbook for Developing Countries provides practical information on the principles and practices of dairy production in developing countries. The book covers a wide range of topics, including animal management, nutrition, and milking.

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