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William C. Kirby, Peter K. Bol, and Yi Lu

What does it mean to be a global superpower? After decades of phenomenal growth, China is now the second-largest economy in the world, with flourishing cities, leading technologies, a world-class military, and a growing sense of national self-confidence. As it seeks to regain international prominence, China is focused on leveraging its growing media power and influence economy – challenging America's position.

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What does it mean to be a global superpower? After decades of phenomenal growth, China is now the second-largest economy in the world, with flourishing cities, leading technologies, a world-class military, and a growing sense of national self-confidence. As it seeks to regain international prominence, China is focused on leveraging its growing media power and influence economy – challenging America's position.

At the same time, China is at an inflection point and faces serious challenges both at home and abroad. A slowing economy, an aging population, and tightening political control could be signs of a long-term slowdown. Meanwhile, geopolitical tensions are threatening to fracture the world economy as the climate crisis weighs on the future of the planet.

What will China become? In order to understand China’s changing identity and its future trajectory, one needs to first understand its past. In The Return of China, we will investigate six themes, including various models of ruling; elites, dynasties, and their impact on present-day China; unity and diversity; family and national identity; the United States in relation to China; and China and the rest of the world.

Led by William C. Kirby, T.M. Chang Professor of China Studies at Harvard University; Peter K. Bol, Charles H. Carswell Professor of East Asian Languages and Civilizations at Harvard University; and Yi Lu, Assistant Professor of History at Dartmouth College, you will examine China as a re-emerging superpower.

Through interactive lectures, in-depth reading, and interpretation of texts, you will acquire a critical historical lens to understand China’s political and governmental systems, cultural and societal trends, and business innovations and trade lines. From the rise of Confucianism to “the Great Restoration of the Chinese Nation,” from the One-Child Policy to the Belt-and-Road Initiative, you will explore profound continuities and radical transformations in China’s political, economic, and social landscape.

Get ready for the return of China's global prominence.

What's inside

Learning objectives

  • Understand china’s history and significant milestones, helping set the stage for its return as a global superpower.
  • Develop the ability to recognize patterns in china’s growth and anticipate what that means for today and the future.
  • Explore the current landscape and major initiatives that can lead to china’s improved positioning.
  • Understand what china’s reemergence means in relation to the u.s. and other nations.
  • See china’s connection to the rest of the world, through political, economic, and social systems.
  • Dispel common biases of china as a leader, seeking to understand differences and likenesses between other nations.

Good to know

Know what's good
, what to watch for
, and possible dealbreakers
Examines China's political and governmental systems, which provides a strong foundation for understanding international relations and the dynamics of global power
Led by faculty from Harvard University and Dartmouth College, which signals academic rigor and a deep understanding of Chinese history and contemporary issues
Explores China's connection to the rest of the world through political, economic, and social systems, which is essential for understanding global dynamics
Requires in-depth reading and interpretation of texts, which may be time-consuming for learners seeking a quick overview of China's rise
Examines China as a re-emerging superpower, which may not cover other perspectives on China's global role and influence

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Activities

Be better prepared before your course. Deepen your understanding during and after it. Supplement your coursework and achieve mastery of the topics covered in The Return of China with these activities:
Review Dynastic Cycles
Reviewing the dynastic cycle provides a crucial foundation for understanding patterns of governance and societal change throughout Chinese history, which is essential for grasping China's current trajectory.
Browse courses on Imperial China
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  • Research the major dynasties in Chinese history.
  • Identify the typical stages of the dynastic cycle.
  • Analyze the factors contributing to the rise and fall of dynasties.
Read 'China: A History' by John King Fairbank
Reading this book will provide a solid historical foundation for understanding China's re-emergence as a global power.
View China on Amazon
Show steps
  • Obtain a copy of 'China: A New History'.
  • Read the book, focusing on key periods and events.
  • Take notes on important themes and concepts.
Compile a Glossary of Key Terms
Creating a glossary of key terms will help you solidify your understanding of important concepts and vocabulary related to Chinese history, politics, and culture.
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  • Identify key terms from course materials and readings.
  • Define each term in your own words.
  • Organize the terms alphabetically or thematically.
Four other activities
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Discuss US-China Relations
Discussing US-China relations with peers will broaden your perspective and deepen your understanding of the complex dynamics between these two global powers.
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  • Find a study partner or group.
  • Research current events related to US-China relations.
  • Share your perspectives and listen to others.
Write a Blog Post on the Belt and Road Initiative
Writing a blog post on the Belt and Road Initiative will allow you to synthesize your knowledge and communicate your understanding of this major global initiative.
Show steps
  • Research the Belt and Road Initiative.
  • Outline the key aspects of the initiative.
  • Write a clear and concise blog post.
Read 'AI Superpowers' by Kai-Fu Lee
Reading this book will provide insights into China's technological advancements and its potential impact on the future.
Show steps
  • Obtain a copy of 'AI Superpowers'.
  • Read the book, focusing on China's AI development.
  • Reflect on the implications for global power dynamics.
Research China's Soft Power
Undertaking a research project on China's soft power will allow you to delve deeper into the strategies and tactics China uses to exert influence on the world stage.
Show steps
  • Define 'soft power' in the context of international relations.
  • Identify examples of China's soft power initiatives.
  • Analyze the effectiveness of these initiatives.

Career center

Learners who complete The Return of China will develop knowledge and skills that may be useful to these careers:
Diplomat
A diplomat engages in international relations, representing their country's interests and negotiating agreements. This course provides a critical historical lens to understand China’s political and governmental systems, which is crucial for a diplomat working with or in China. Understanding the nuances of Chinese culture, history, and its position in the world helps build a foundation for productive communication and collaboration. The course’s exploration of various models of ruling and the impact of elites and dynasties on present-day China is particularly relevant to a diplomat seeking to understand the nation’s current geopolitical strategies and motivations. Additionally, the course’s analysis of China's relationships with the United States and other nations is essential for a diplomat navigating complex global issues.
Political Analyst
Political analysts study political systems, policies, and trends, often specializing in specific regions or countries. The Return of China course offers a valuable historical and contemporary overview of China's political landscape, making it particularly relevant to a political analyst focusing on this region. A political analyst will use this course to examine the profound continuities and radical transformations in China’s political landscape, from the rise of Confucianism to the Great Restoration of the Chinese Nation. Understanding China's unique political context, including its models of ruling, is critical for a political analyst who seeks to provide informed analysis on China's domestic and international policies. The course may be useful for a political analyst seeking to dispel common biases of China as a leader.
International Trade Specialist
An international trade specialist facilitates trade between countries, managing logistics, regulations, and negotiations. This course helps an international trade specialist understand the complexities of China’s business innovations, trade lines, and economic influence, which are critical to effectively navigating the international market. The course’s exploration of China's remarkable economic growth and its integration into the global economy provides a framework for an international trade specialist to understand current trade dynamics and anticipate future trends. The examination of China's national self confidence and its push to regain international prominence helps an international trade specialist understand the country's economic ambitions and potential impact on international trade.
Intelligence Analyst
An intelligence analyst gathers, assesses, and reports on information relevant to national security, often with a focus on specific regions or countries. This course offers a framework for understanding China's political and governmental systems, cultural and societal trends, and business innovations, making it useful for an intelligence analyst. The course’s study of China's historical trajectory and its reemergence as a global superpower helps an intelligence analyst understand the country’s motivations and potential strategic moves on the world stage. It helps an intelligence analyst develop the ability to recognize patterns in China’s growth and anticipate what that means for today and the future. The course’s exploration of the One Child Policy and the Belt and Road initiative may be useful to an analyst.
Foreign Correspondent
A foreign correspondent reports on events and issues in other countries for news organizations. This course offers a comprehensive understanding of China’s history, culture, and current affairs, which are essential for any foreign correspondent reporting from or on China. The course’s study of China’s transformation, and its analysis of China's connections to the rest of the world are crucial for a foreign correspondent seeking to cover the nation accurately and in its proper context. A foreign correspondent who takes this course may gain a critical historical lens to understand China’s political, economic, and social landscape. This course may be useful for a foreign correspondent who wishes to dispel common biases of China as a leader.
Geopolitical Strategist
A geopolitical strategist examines international relations through the lens of geography, power, and politics. This course provides critical insights into China’s rise to global prominence and its impact on the existing world order, which is essential for a geopolitical strategist. A geopolitical strategist will benefit from this course's exploration of the six themes, which include various models of ruling; elites, dynasties, and their impact on present-day China; unity and diversity; family and national identity; the United States in relation to China; and China and the rest of the world. The study of China’s domestic and international challenges, including the climate crisis, helps build a comprehensive view of the country's future trajectory, making the course invaluable for a geopolitical strategist.
Cultural Attaché
A cultural attaché promotes cultural exchange and understanding between nations and this course helps build a foundation for cross-cultural awareness, making it relevant for a cultural attaché focusing on China. A cultural attaché would benefit from this course’s examination of family and national identity in China, and this may help them promote cultural exchange and understanding effectively. The course’s exploration of profound continuities and radical transformations in China’s political, economic, and social landscape is also beneficial. The course may be helpful for a cultural attaché who seeks to dispel common biases of China as a leader.
International Business Consultant
An international business consultant advises companies on strategies for global expansion, including navigating international markets. The Return of China course helps an international business consultant understand the complexities of Chinese business practices, trade lines, and economic influence, essential when advising on business strategies related to China. This course may be useful for an international business consultant because it explores the landscape and major initiatives that can lead to China’s improved positioning. The analysis of China's economic growth and its impact on global trade provides valuable insights for an international business consultant.
Policy Advisor
A policy advisor researches, analyzes, and makes recommendations on laws and government policies. This course offers an overview of China's political and governmental systems, helping a policy advisor understand the nuances of China's domestic and international affairs. The study of China's historical trajectory and its reemergence as a global superpower provides context for a policy advisor who must assess current and future policies involving China. The course’s analysis of China’s relationships with the United States and other nations is crucial for a policy advisor seeking to formulate effective policies.
Lobbyist
A lobbyist advocates for specific policies on behalf of interest groups. This course provides a historical lens for understanding China’s political and governmental systems, which is crucial for a lobbyist engaging with issues related to China. The course’s study of various models of ruling and the impact of elites and dynasties on present-day China may help inform a lobbyist's approach to advocating for their interests. The analysis of China's relationships with the United States and other nations is also valuable for any lobbyist seeking to influence policy related to China. This course may be useful for a lobbyist who wishes to understand China's changing identity and its future trajectory.
Market Research Analyst
A market research analyst studies market conditions, consumer behavior, and competition to advise companies on product development and marketing strategies. This course helps a market research analyst understand the cultural and societal trends in China, which is crucial for any business focusing on or operating in the Chinese market. The course’s examination of China's unique history and social systems provides insights into consumer behavior and market dynamics that is invaluable for a market research analyst. It may also be useful for a market research analyst who wishes to understand China’s reemergence as a global superpower.
Historian
A historian researches and writes about the past. This course provides an in-depth historical analysis of China’s past and its influence on the present, which is beneficial for any historian specializing in Chinese history. A historian will use this course to investigate China’s six themes, including various models of ruling; elites, dynasties, and their impact on present-day China; unity and diversity; family and national identity; the United States in relation to China; and China and the rest of the world. For a historian, this course provides a critical lens through which to understand the profound continuities and radical transformations in China’s political, economic, and social landscape. The course may help a historian dispel common biases of China.
Professor
A professor teaches courses at the university level and conducts research in their field of expertise. This course may be useful for a professor specializing in China or East Asian Studies, as it provides a comprehensive overview of China's historical and contemporary development. A professor will use the course's analysis to enhance their understanding of China’s political and governmental systems, cultural and societal trends. The course may also be useful to a professor who is interested in the rise of global powers. This course may be useful for a professor who wishes to dispel common biases of China as a leader.
Journalist
A journalist researches and writes stories for news outlets. This course may be useful for a journalist who is interested in the history and development of China, as it provides a comprehensive overview of China's political, economic, and social systems. This course also examines China's relationships with the United States and other nations, which is useful for a journalist who wishes to report on international affairs. It is relevant to a journalist to understand the country's transformation and its analysis of China's connections to the rest of the world. This course may be useful for a journalist who wishes to dispel common biases of China as a leader.
Social Worker
A social worker provides support to individuals and families who are facing challenges. This course may be useful for a social worker who works with Chinese immigrants or who seeks to understand the effect of government policies and societal norms on the family. The course’s study of China’s social systems, as well as its examination of family and national identity, may be relevant to a social worker. The course may also help a social worker to better understand the differences and likenesses between other nations. This course may be helpful for a social worker who wishes to dispel common biases of China as a leader.

Reading list

We've selected two books that we think will supplement your learning. Use these to develop background knowledge, enrich your coursework, and gain a deeper understanding of the topics covered in The Return of China.
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Provides a comprehensive overview of Chinese history, from ancient times to the present day. It is particularly useful for understanding the long-term trends and patterns that have shaped China's development. It standard textbook in many universities and provides excellent background for this course.
Explores China's rise as a leader in artificial intelligence and its implications for the global economy and society. It provides valuable insights into China's technological advancements and its potential impact on the future. This book is more valuable as additional reading than as a current reference.

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