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Kamil Zwolski, PhD

Master the World’s Oldest Power Theory: International Relations Realism

Frustrated with shallow explanations in news and media? Want to understand global issues beyond the headlines?

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Master the World’s Oldest Power Theory: International Relations Realism

Frustrated with shallow explanations in news and media? Want to understand global issues beyond the headlines?

This in-depth course on “International Relations Theory: Realism” reveals the timeless insights of realist theory—the world’s most enduring lens for understanding power, conflict, and diplomacy. With a comprehensive journey through the thoughts of classical thinkers like Thucydides, Machiavelli, and Hobbes, as well as modern perspectives from Morgenthau to Mearsheimer, you’ll learn to analyze today’s pressing issues with new depth and clarity.

Why Realism Matters: Understanding Power, Conflict, and Human Nature

In a world of constant geopolitical shifts, many wonder why crises repeat and power struggles endure. Without a firm grasp of realism, today’s events can feel confusing and chaotic. Realism exposes the underlying patterns that drive state behavior, illuminating the timeless pursuit of power and survival that shapes international relations.

Imagine understanding the realist reasons behind US foreign policy, the rise of China, and global power dynamics—ideas that go far beyond news coverage. By the end of this course, you’ll have the confidence to discuss and write about global issues with profound insights grounded in the most powerful theory of international relations.

What You’ll Learn in This Course

Through engaging video lectures, carefully curated readings, and practical exercises, this course provides a thorough grounding in realism. You won’t just hear about theories—you’ll see their real-world impact, gaining the tools to analyze international events with clarity and depth.

Highlights of Your Learning Experience

  • Realist Thinkers, Explained: You’ll learn from the words of Thucydides, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Morgenthau, Waltz, and Mearsheimer, exploring how their ideas laid the foundations for understanding conflict, power, and the nature of international relations.

  • Real-World Case Studies: See realist theory applied to pressing issues, including:

    • The realist analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic

    • Insights into US foreign policy, from NATO expansion to Middle East interventions

    • The strategic rise of China and what it means for global power balance

  • Classical Realism to Modern Applications: Discover the evolution of realism from classical thought to neorealism and offensive realism, and understand how each branch applies to the international system and modern conflicts.

  • Practical Academic Guidance: Get expert tips on incorporating realist theory into your essays, articles, or academic research, empowering you to write with authority and precision.

Comprehensive Course Tools

  • Printable Handouts: Keep essential ideas at your fingertips with clear, concise handouts for each section.

  • Study Guides: Boost retention with quizzes, short-answer keys, and glossaries for each key topic.

  • Multiple Choice Quizzes: Track your progress as you learn, ensuring you understand key concepts before moving forward.

  • Review Section: Revise material with a special and dedicated Review Session

  • Essay tips: 6 Tips for Writing Essays and Dissertations

Key Lessons in Realism: From Ancient Thinkers to Modern Conflicts

In this course, you’ll explore the following:

1. The Origins of Realist Thought

  • Understand the foundation of realism, starting with Thucydides’ “strong do what they can” principle that unveils how power dynamics influence all political decisions, a key concept that underpins all realist theory.

2. Machiavelli: Realism’s Dark Character

  • Delve into the mind of Niccolò Machiavelli, often seen as the darker face of realist thought. His belief that it is “much safer to be feared than loved” reveals a core element of realism: that a state must prioritize survival and power over idealism or morality. Machiavelli’s insights have shaped centuries of realpolitik, illustrating why political leaders often make ruthless decisions for security.

3. Hobbes and the Brutal State of Nature

  • Discover Thomas Hobbes’ concept of the ‘state of nature’, which he described as a place where life is “solitary, poore, nasty, brutish, and short.” Hobbes argued that in an anarchic world, states must prioritize power to survive, providing a foundational idea that shaped Morgenthau’s classical realism and Waltz’s structural realism. Understanding Hobbes’ insights is key to grasping why security remains the ultimate goal in realist thought.

4. Classical Realism and the Human Condition

  • Learn from Morgenthau’s belief in flawed human nature and his core idea that politics is driven by the quest for power and survival. These concepts will reshape how you view global politics.

5. Neorealism and System-Level Analysis

  • Explore Waltz’s neorealism, where international anarchy (the absence of overarching authority) drives state behavior. Understand why Waltz’s insights remain critical to modern foreign policy analysis.

6. Offensive Realism and the Pursuit of Power

  • Examine Mearsheimer’s offensive realism, which argues that great powers are always on the offensive, constantly seeking security and dominance to prevent threats from other states.

7. Realism’s Role in Modern Conflicts

  • Apply realist perspectives to analyze current issues:

    • The realist view on the rise of China and its implications for the global balance of power

    • The US approach to Middle Eastern conflicts and the strategic reasons behind interventions in Iraq, Afghanistan, and the Persian Gulf

    • Realist theories on NATO expansion and its effects on US-Russia relations

8. New Developments in Realist Theory: Neoclassical Realism

  • Delve into neoclassical realism, which blends state-level and system-level analysis to explain how domestic factors can influence state behavior on the international stage.

Become an Informed, Confident Voice in Global Politics

Mastering realist theory will empower you to see through political rhetoric, identify the true drivers behind international actions, and discuss global issues with authority. You’ll no longer rely on superficial explanations or fleeting news narratives—this course gives you the tools to understand the real motives behind international power plays.

Join the Course on “International Relations Theory: Realism” Today.

Step into a new world of political insight and understand global power like never before. Enroll now and transform your understanding of world affairs through the lens of realism.

My Promise to You

I promise that the tuition in this course is of the highest quality, based on genuine university-level teaching and research. It is presented in a highly-accessible and engaging way, designed specifically for those who do not have prior university degree in Politics or International Relations.

I invite you to send me a message if you have any questions about the content of this course.

From My Students:

  • "The course was very informative and helpful, and I will apply the knowledge I gain. The lecturer was incredibly fantastic. He explain all the concepts and the definitions of all the topics."

  • "Dr. Zwolski truly has teaching skills. He is a straightforward professor and his videos are both interesting and valuable."

  • "The course is really informative and provides a very in-depth analysis of several complex topics which otherwise would have been quite difficult to understand. The simplified analysis of various important speeches too help me understand the thinking patterns of a country's culture, thus making future moves more predictable. Overall, this course is totally worth the money and is really good irrespective of your geopolitical knowledge/prior exposure."

  • "The instructor is a good lecturer. Interesting material presented clearly and concisely."

  • "I'm just a 14 year old high school student who loves to know about current affairs and global conflicts. Mr. Zwolski's course helped me to understand the origins and key concepts of "Geopolitics" without having any university degree or any experiences in this field."

  • "I really enjoy listening this guy's lecture. I could sit for hours listening to him lecture and learning new things about International Relations."

  • "The lectures have been made very simple to understand. Kamil is doing an amazing job. "

  • "Crisp and clear videos, to the point, can be watched easily on the mobile phone."

  • "Wow. If your reading the comments and debating on whether or not to take this course,TAKE IT. If you read The Economist, Forbes, taking classes on International relations, or stationed on a foreign base, this class is for you. After this you should be able to decipher mainstream media news outlets. Semper Fi. "

  • "I applied to do M.A in International Relations and this course helped me to pass the interview examination as i don't have any back ground in the subject."

Enroll now

What's inside

Learning objectives

  • Think and speak about world problems through the lens of the oldest, most powerful and influential theory of international relations
  • Identify and understand the ideas of key realist thinkers, including thucydides, machiavelli, hobbes, morgenthau, waltz and mearsheimer
  • Recognise the value of ancient greek peloponnesian war to understand the principles of world politics
  • Understand why machiavelli is realism's 'dark character' and why his perspective on government is so demoralised
  • Understand what hobbes meant by 'state of nature' in his groundbreaking masterpiece leviathan and how it's relevant to realism
  • Identify the key components of classical realism, particularly the notion of the flawed human nature and interest defined as power, as advanced by morgenthau
  • Understand the original features of waltz's neorealism, including his emphasis on the international system and anarchy
  • Identify the distinguishing features of mearsheimer's offensive realism and his focus on the pursuit of power
  • Understand the realist perspective on coronavirus
  • Understand the realist perspective on us foreign policy, including war in iraq, nato expansion, persian gulf policy, afghanistan, iran & israel
  • Understand the realist perspective on the rise of china
  • Recognise the original contribution of neoclassical realism, including key works
  • Learn 6 practical tips for incorporating realism into your academic essays and dissertations
  • Show more
  • Show less

Syllabus

Find out what this course is about, what content it will include, how you will learn and learn more about the author.
Why Realism?
What Will You Learn?
Read more

Learn about who Thucydides was and the context for his History of the Peloponnesian War.

Learn about the most famous part of Thucydides from the realist International Relations theory perspective.

Learn about links between Thucydides and realist International Relations theory.

Learn about Thucydides' perspective on international security.

Learn about Thucydides' perspective on human nature and morality.

Learn about this famous concept of Thucydides' Trap.

This quiz will allow you to practice your knowledge and understanding of Thucydides.

Learn about Machiavelli's life background and why it is important.

This quiz will allow you to practice your knowledge and understanding of Machiavelli.

Learn about Hobbes and the context for his book Leviathan, esp. the cover.

Learn about Hobbes' famous concept of the state of nature.

Learn how the state of nature can be overcome with the laws of nature.

Learn how a powerful sovereign is required to enforce laws of nature.

Learn about links between Hobbes and the realist theory of International Relations.

This quiz will allow you to practice your knowledge and understanding of Hobbes.

Learn about Hans Morgenthau, the father of classical realism.

Learn about Morgenthau's perspective on human nature as a shaping force of international relations.

Learn about Morgenthau's perspective on the role of power in foreign policy and how the meaning of power is not fixed.

Learn about Morgenthau's perspective on the role of moral principles in foreign policy and international politics.

Learn Morgenthau's perspective on why moral principles should not be invoked by states in their justifications of foreign policy.

Learn Morgenthau's perspective on why we should treat politics, including international politics, as an autonomous sphere of study, which cannot be subsumed under international law or economy.

Learn about Morgenthau's perspective on the differences between idealism and realism in international relations.

Learn Morgenthau's perspective on the links between sovereignty, war and peace.

This quiz will allow you to practice your knowledge and understanding of Morgenthau.

Learn about Kenneth Waltz, the father of neorealism.

Learn about Waltz's perspective on the causes of war through so-called three images of international relations.

Learn about the individual level and what Waltz means by the systemic perspective on international relations.

Learn about Waltz's perspective on anarchy as a defining concept of international relations.

Learn about the relationship between anarchy and international conflicts.

Learn on Waltz's perspective on the balance of power as the only hope for international peace, however fragile.

This quiz will allow you to practice your knowledge and understanding of Waltz.

Learn Mearsheimer's perspective on Kenneth Waltz's neo-realism.

Learn about Mearsheimer's offensive realism.

Learn about the assumptions underpinning offensive realism.

Learn about three contending perspectives of political realism.

Learn why international relations are tragic according to Mearsheimer.

This quiz will allow you to practice your knowledge and understanding of Mearsheimer.

Let's revise Thucydides.

Let's revise Machiavelli.

Let's revise Hobbes.

Let's revise Morgenthau.

Let's revise Waltz.

Let's revise Mearsheimer.

Learn what realism can tell us about coronavirus - arguably the most important event in the world since World War 2.

Learn what realism can tell us about US foreign policy, including issues such as the war in Iraq, NATO expansion, Afghanistan, Iran, and more.

Learn what realism can tell us about the rise of China into a major world power. Is it likely to be a peaceful process, or should we expect more wars and conflicts?

Learn about neoclassical realism - a relatively recent theoretical development offering interesting insights into how states may not always act according to neorealist predictions.

Learn 6 practical tips for incorporating realism into writing academic essays and dissertations.

Traffic lights

Read about what's good
what should give you pause
and possible dealbreakers
Explores the perspectives of classical thinkers like Thucydides, Machiavelli, and Hobbes, providing a strong foundation in the history of political thought
Examines the evolution of realism from classical thought to neorealism and offensive realism, offering a comprehensive understanding of its various branches
Offers practical academic guidance on incorporating realist theory into essays and research, which empowers learners to write with authority and precision
Requires learners to understand the nuances of neorealism, which may necessitate prior exposure to international relations theory
Applies realist perspectives to current issues such as the rise of China and US foreign policy, which enhances the relevance of the theory
Examines the realist perspective on the COVID-19 pandemic, which may be at odds with scientific understanding or the advice of the medical community

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Create your own learning path. Save this course to your list so you can find it easily later.
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Reviews summary

In-depth realism theory explained clearly

According to learners, this course provides a highly informative and in-depth analysis of international relations realism, covering key thinkers from Thucydides to Mearsheimer. Students particularly praise the lecturer, Dr. Zwolski, describing his teaching as fantastic, straightforward, and able to make complex topics easy to understand. The course is considered accessible even without prior background in political science, making it valuable for both serious beginners and those seeking academic insights, including help with essay writing. Many highlight its utility for understanding current affairs and geopolitical dynamics. The content is described as crisp and clear, with videos easily watched. Overall, it's seen as a highly valuable investment for gaining a solid theoretical foundation in IR.
Helps understand global issues and news.
"The simplified analysis of various important speeches too help me understand the thinking patterns of a country's culture, thus making future moves more predictable."
"After this you should be able to decipher mainstream media news outlets."
Provides tips for essays and dissertations.
"...6 practical tips for incorporating realism into writing academic essays and dissertations."
"I applied to do M.A in International Relations and this course helped me to pass the interview examination as i don't have any back ground in the subject."
Great starting point without prior IR knowledge.
"Mr. Zwolski's course helped me to understand the origins and key concepts of 'Geopolitics' without having any university degree or any experiences in this field."
"...designed specifically for those who do not have prior university degree in Politics or International Relations."
Detailed analysis of complex topics made simple.
"The course is really informative and provides a very in-depth analysis of several complex topics which otherwise would have been quite difficult to understand."
"Interesting material presented clearly and concisely."
"Crisp and clear videos, to the point..."
"He explain all the concepts and the definitions of all the topics."
Lecturer praised for clarity and engagement.
"The lecturer was incredibly fantastic. He explain all the concepts and the definitions of all the topics."
"Dr. Zwolski truly has teaching skills. He is a straightforward professor and his videos are both interesting and valuable."
"I really enjoy listening this guy's lecture. I could sit for hours listening to him lecture..."
"The lectures have been made very simple to understand. Kamil is doing an amazing job."

Activities

Be better prepared before your course. Deepen your understanding during and after it. Supplement your coursework and achieve mastery of the topics covered in International Relations Theory: Realism with these activities:
Review Key Concepts of Political Science
Strengthen your understanding of fundamental political science concepts to better grasp the nuances of realism.
Show steps
  • Review definitions of key terms like 'sovereignty,' 'anarchy,' and 'balance of power'.
  • Summarize the core tenets of political science.
Read 'The Prince' by Niccolo Machiavelli
Gain a deeper understanding of Machiavellian thought, a cornerstone of realist theory.
View The Prince on Amazon
Show steps
  • Read 'The Prince' carefully, taking notes on key arguments and examples.
  • Reflect on how Machiavelli's ideas relate to contemporary international relations.
Discuss Realist Perspectives on Current Events
Reinforce your understanding of realism by applying it to analyze current global events with peers.
Show steps
  • Choose a recent international event, such as a trade dispute or military conflict.
  • Discuss how different realist theories (classical, neo-, offensive) would explain the event.
  • Debate the strengths and weaknesses of each realist perspective.
Four other activities
Expand to see all activities and additional details
Show all seven activities
Write a Blog Post on a Realist Analysis of a Current Event
Solidify your understanding of realism by applying it to a real-world scenario and communicating your analysis to a wider audience.
Show steps
  • Select a current international issue, such as the rise of China or a regional conflict.
  • Research the issue and gather relevant information.
  • Write a blog post explaining the issue from a realist perspective.
  • Publish the blog post on a platform like Medium or your personal website.
Read 'Theory of International Politics' by Kenneth Waltz
Deepen your understanding of neorealism, a dominant theoretical perspective in international relations.
Show steps
  • Read 'Theory of International Politics' carefully, paying close attention to Waltz's key arguments.
  • Compare and contrast Waltz's neorealism with classical realism.
  • Analyze the strengths and weaknesses of Waltz's theory.
Research Project: Comparing Realist Theories
Consolidate your knowledge by conducting in-depth research on different strands of realist theory and their applications.
Show steps
  • Choose two or three realist theories (e.g., classical realism, neorealism, offensive realism).
  • Research the key tenets, assumptions, and criticisms of each theory.
  • Compare and contrast the theories, highlighting their similarities and differences.
  • Apply the theories to analyze a specific international issue or event.
  • Write a research paper summarizing your findings.
Tutor Other Students in Realist Theory
Reinforce your own understanding by explaining realist concepts to others.
Show steps
  • Offer tutoring sessions to students struggling with realist theory.
  • Prepare explanations of key concepts and theories.
  • Answer questions and provide guidance on assignments.

Career center

Learners who complete International Relations Theory: Realism will develop knowledge and skills that may be useful to these careers:
Diplomat
A Diplomat represents a country in international relations, negotiating treaties and agreements, and this course's focus on realism would be highly beneficial for such a role. This course explores how realist theory shapes the behavior of nations, providing a deeper understanding of the global political landscape. The course delves into the ideas of key realist thinkers like Thucydides, Machiavelli, and Hobbes, whose insights are central to international diplomacy. The course provides a platform to analyze global issues and state intentions, which would be useful for a diplomat when interacting with foreign countries. The course's approach to the strategic rise of China, US foreign policy, and other international conflicts would inform diplomatic strategies.
Foreign Policy Advisor
A Foreign Policy Advisor provides guidance on international relations, formulating strategies using a grasp of the principles of realism. This course’s exploration of the realist tradition, from classical thinkers to modern interpretations, is a bedrock for understanding state behavior. The course examines the works of Thucydides, Machiavelli, and Morgenthau, providing a broad view of how states pursue their interests on the world stage. Understanding key concepts like the balance of power, as taught in this course, is essential for crafting effective foreign policy. The case studies included in this course would directly inform their advice.
Geopolitical Analyst
A Geopolitical Analyst examines the interplay of geography and politics, and the realist perspective studied in this course could be highly valuable for this work. The course provides a deep dive into realist theory, helping a geopolitical analyst understand the underlying drivers of state behavior. The course examines the views of classical and modern thinkers like Machiavelli and Mearsheimer, whose theories provide a framework for understanding international dynamics. The course's exploration of real-world case studies—such as the rise of China and US foreign policy—provides critical context for their work. The course also covers the balance of power, which is central to understanding geopolitical landscapes.
Intelligence Analyst
An Intelligence Analyst gathers and interprets data to provide insights on international relations, which is directly relevant to this course's subject matter. A solid understanding of realist theory, as explored in this course, helps an intelligence analyst understand the motivations behind state actions. This course examines classical and modern realist thinkers like Thucydides and Mearsheimer, providing the theoretical underpinning needed to interpret geopolitical events. The course's case studies of US foreign policy, the rise of China, and other international conflicts, help someone in this role understand contemporary issues, and the course's focus on power dynamics and state behavior is central to their work.
International Relations Consultant
An International Relations Consultant provides expert advice to governments, NGOs, and private firms, and the study of realism offered within this course would directly inform this work. This course on international relations theory provides deep dive into the classical and modern realist thought that drives state behavior. This course's analysis of real world case studies and global power dynamics, combined with its analysis of thinkers such as Morgenthau and Mearsheimer, would help an international relations consultant craft strategies and recommendations. By studying this course, an international relations consultant can gain the ability to analyze global events with clarity and depth.
Political Risk Analyst
A Political Risk Analyst assesses potential risks to businesses and governments arising from political events, and the insights developed in this course on international relations theory are directly applicable. This course's comprehensive study of realism equips a political risk analyst to better gauge the likelihood of conflicts and instability, especially given the course's close examination of power dynamics. The course’s engagement with realist thinkers, from Thucydides to Mearsheimer, provides the theoretical framework necessary to understand state behavior. Further study of modern case studies, including the US foreign policy and the rise of China, would enhance the efficacy of a political risk analyst.
Political Scientist
A Political Scientist researches and analyzes political systems and behavior, and this course's concentration on realism will help build a foundation for this role. This course offers a comprehensive examination of realist theory, a key concept within the study of political science. The course includes study of classical and modern thinkers such as Thucydides and Waltz, whose ideas have shaped the field of international relations. The course's focus on power dynamics, state behavior, and international conflicts would inform the research and analysis undertaken by a political scientist. This course may be useful for those seeking to pursue advanced studies or careers within political science.
Research Analyst
A Research Analyst collects and analyzes data to provide insights, and this course on international relations theory could certainly improve their understanding of world events. The course gives a comprehensive overview of realism, the dominant theory of international relations, and its origins. By studying the thoughts of figures like Hobbes and Morgenthau, a research analyst can gain a more nuanced understanding of human behavior in the political space. The course’s tools for analysing international conflicts and the nature of power dynamics are critical skills for a research analyst, as well. The course's study guides and quizzes further assists with concept mastery.
Journalist
A Journalist reports on current events, including international affairs, and they may benefit from a deeper understanding of political theory, like the realism examined in this course. The course offers insights into the underlying motivations and power dynamics that drive international relations. Journalists covering global issues may find it beneficial to explore the realist tradition, as it provides a framework for understanding state behavior as introduced by the course. By studying realist thinkers like Thucydides, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Morgenthau, Waltz and Mearsheimer, a journalist can interpret world events with a more nuanced perspective. The course's case studies, including US foreign policy and the rise of China, offer opportunities to develop this perspective.
Lobbyist
A Lobbyist advocates for specific interests or policies, often engaging with government officials, and this course's focus on realism can help them understand the political landscape. This course helps understand the nature of power and state behavior, which are essential insights for an effective lobbyist working within the political system. The course covers influential thinkers like Machiavelli and Morgenthau, whose ideas shed light on how political decisions are made. The course’s exploration of US foreign policy and international conflicts provide valuable context and political awareness. This course may be useful for those who seek to understand the nature of power in the international sphere.
International Trade Specialist
An International Trade Specialist facilitates trade between countries, navigating complex political and economic landscapes, and this course may help provide valuable context for this work. This course's exploration of realism, and its impact on international relations, can inform the actions of states and their trade practices. This course covers key realist thinkers like Thucydides, Machiavelli, and Morgenthau, whose insights are useful for understanding the motivations behind state behavior in the globalized world. Examining international conflict, as this course does, can also give someone in this role a deeper understanding of the risks and opportunities that inform international trade policy decisions. This course may be useful for someone who wishes to understand the political context that determines international trade.
Public Policy Analyst
A Public Policy Analyst examines and recommends policies for government and other organizations, and the realist understanding developed in this course may help in this role. This course helps build a foundation for evaluating the impact of various decisions in the political sphere. A deeper comprehension of power dynamics and international relations can be valuable to someone working in the field of public policy. This course covers important thinkers such as Hobbes and Waltz, whose ideas inform the course's discussion of state behavior. The course’s focus on the strategic rise of China and US foreign policy could also inform the analysis of international political decisions. This course may help someone become a more effective policy analyst.
Nonprofit Manager
A Nonprofit Manager oversees operations and projects at a non-governmental organization, and a deeper knowledge of international relations, like what's covered in this course, could be beneficial. Although nonprofit work is often value-driven, this course's focus on realist theory can help someone in this role understand the geopolitical context in which their organization operates. The course helps understand the drivers that affect relations between countries, which may affect work in the non-profit sphere. Additionally, the course examines prominent thinkers like Morgenthau and Mearsheimer, which could help frame the nature of conflict. This course may help a nonprofit manager understand the wider political and social context in which they operate.
Cultural Attaché
A Cultural Attaché promotes their country's culture and values in foreign nations, and this course may provide an understanding of power dynamics that could be useful. This course explores international relations through the lens of realism, which may help someone understand how countries interact within the international sphere. Although cultural diplomacy might not seem directly connected to realism, this course's lessons on power dynamics and state interests could be useful in this role. The course's analysis of modern case studies, including US foreign policy and the rise of China, could be useful for understanding the nuances of international relations. This may be helpful in cultivating relationships between countries.
Historian
A Historian researches and writes about past events, sometimes focusing on international relations, and this course may be useful for someone who needs to understand how international relations theory has developed over time. This course goes into detail on the thoughts of classical thinkers like Thucydides and Machiavelli, whose ideas have shaped the understanding of international relations. The course covers aspects of history, including the Peloponnesian War, that may provide context for a historian's work. While a historian might focus on different aspects of history, the insights of this course could be useful in understanding the development of political thought. This course may be useful to historians of international relations, war, and diplomacy.

Reading list

We've selected two books that we think will supplement your learning. Use these to develop background knowledge, enrich your coursework, and gain a deeper understanding of the topics covered in International Relations Theory: Realism.
Kenneth Waltz's 'Theory of International Politics' seminal work in neorealism. It introduces a structural approach to understanding international relations, emphasizing the role of anarchy and the distribution of power. is essential for understanding the shift from classical realism to neorealism and its impact on the field. It standard text in advanced international relations courses.
Machiavelli's 'The Prince' foundational text for understanding realist thought. It explores the acquisition and maintenance of power, offering a pragmatic, often amoral, perspective on statecraft. Reading this book provides essential context for understanding the core tenets of realism and its emphasis on power politics. It is commonly used in political science courses.

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