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Civil Society

Civil society is the aggregate of non-governmental organizations and institutions that manifest individual or group interests such as political, religious, social, educational, recreational, and other purposes. Civil society is often viewed as the "third sector", distinct from government and business.

Civil society may, on the one hand, strengthen a state by allowing for greater public participation in decision-making, increasing state accountability, and improving service delivery. On the other hand, civil society may challenge a state by criticizing state policies, mobilizing public opinion, and advocating for change.

Civil society plays an increasingly important role in international relations, for example in the areas of international development, humanitarian aid, and human rights. It provides crucial support to the work of the United Nations (UN) and other international organizations. Civil society organizations (CSOs) also play a key role in monitoring and evaluating the work of governments and international organizations, and in holding them accountable for their actions.

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Civil society is the aggregate of non-governmental organizations and institutions that manifest individual or group interests such as political, religious, social, educational, recreational, and other purposes. Civil society is often viewed as the "third sector", distinct from government and business.

Civil society may, on the one hand, strengthen a state by allowing for greater public participation in decision-making, increasing state accountability, and improving service delivery. On the other hand, civil society may challenge a state by criticizing state policies, mobilizing public opinion, and advocating for change.

Civil society plays an increasingly important role in international relations, for example in the areas of international development, humanitarian aid, and human rights. It provides crucial support to the work of the United Nations (UN) and other international organizations. Civil society organizations (CSOs) also play a key role in monitoring and evaluating the work of governments and international organizations, and in holding them accountable for their actions.

Why Learn About Civil Society?

There are many reasons why one might want to learn about civil society. Some of the most common reasons include:

  • To better understand the role of civil society in a democratic society. Civil society is essential for the functioning of a healthy democracy. It provides a space for citizens to organize and participate in decision-making, and it helps to hold government accountable. By learning about civil society, you can gain a better understanding of how democracy works and how you can participate in it.

  • To gain skills in civic engagement. By learning about civil society, you can gain skills in civic engagement, such as how to organize a campaign, lobby elected officials, and raise awareness about important issues. These skills are essential for anyone who wants to make a difference in their community or the world.

  • To pursue a career in civil society. There are many different career opportunities in civil society, such as working for a non-profit organization, a government agency, or a foundation. By learning about civil society, you can prepare yourself for a career in this growing field.

  • To become a more informed and engaged citizen. By learning about civil society, you can become a more informed and engaged citizen. You will be better able to understand the issues facing your community and the world, and you will be more likely to take action to make a difference.

How Online Courses Can Help You Learn About Civil Society

There are many ways to learn about civil society. One of the most effective ways is to take an online course. Online courses offer a number of advantages over traditional in-person courses, such as:

  • Flexibility: Online courses can be taken at your own pace and on your own time. This makes them ideal for busy people who cannot attend traditional in-person classes.

  • Affordability: Online courses are often more affordable than traditional in-person courses. This is because they do not require the same overhead costs, such as classroom space and transportation.

  • Variety: Online courses are available on a wide variety of topics, including civil society. This means that you can find a course that fits your interests and needs.

  • Interactivity: Online courses often include interactive features, such as discussion forums and online quizzes. This allows you to engage with other students and the instructor, and to get feedback on your work.

  • Accessibility: Online courses are accessible to anyone with an internet connection. This makes them ideal for people who live in remote areas or who have difficulty attending traditional in-person classes.


The online courses listed above can help you learn about a variety of topics related to civil society, including:

  • The role of civil society in a democratic society

  • The different types of civil society organizations

  • The challenges facing civil society

  • How to get involved in civil society


Whether you are interested in pursuing a career in civil society, becoming a more informed and engaged citizen, or simply learning more about this important topic, taking an online course is a great way to get started.

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Reading list

We've selected 11 books that we think will supplement your learning. Use these to develop background knowledge, enrich your coursework, and gain a deeper understanding of the topics covered in Civil Society.
This handbook provides a comprehensive overview of the field of civil society studies. It brings together leading scholars from around the world to discuss the key concepts, theories, and debates in the field.
Provides a comprehensive overview of the third sector, which includes civil society organizations, non-profit organizations, and social enterprises. It is an essential read for anyone interested in understanding the role of the third sector in society.
Offers a comprehensive overview of the concept of civil society, its historical development, and its role in contemporary society. It is an essential read for anyone interested in understanding the relationship between the state, the economy, and civil society.
Provides a critical perspective on the role of civil society in development. It argues that civil society is not always a force for good, and that it can be co-opted by powerful interests.
Examines the development of civil society in China. It argues that civil society is growing rapidly in China, and that it is playing an increasingly important role in Chinese society.
Examines the changing roles and relationships of civil society in India. It argues that civil society is becoming more diverse and complex, and that it is playing a more important role in Indian society.
Examines the role of civil society in Africa. It provides a comparative perspective on the development of civil society in different African countries.
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