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Joseph W. Cutrone, PhD

This course helps to build the foundational material to use mathematics as a tool to model, understand, and interpret the world around us. This is done through studying functions, their properties, and applications to data analysis. Concepts of precalculus provide the set of tools for the beginning student to begin their scientific career, preparing them for future science and calculus courses. This course is designed for all students, not just those interested in further mathematics courses. Students interested in the natural sciences, computer sciences, psychology, sociology, or similar will genuinely benefit from this introductory course, applying the skills learned to their discipline to analyze and interpret their subject material. Students will be presented with not only new ideas, but also new applications of an old subject. Real-life data, exercise sets, and regular assessments help to motivate and reinforce the content in this course, leading to learning and mastery.

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What's inside

Syllabus

Module 1: Basics and Common Functions
Functions help to study the relationship between two or more variables. They are the basic quantitative tool used to visualize, analyze, and interpret these relationships. Studying functions is the first step in developing analytics skills for mathematical modeling. In this module, we develop the concept of a function and review important algebraic operations on functions used later in this course. We will also study the important features, like domain, range, and end behavior of graphs.
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Module 2: Equations of Lines, Quadratics, and More Functions
In this module, we will study two common types of functions: linear and quadratic. We will learn how to identify common features of their graphs, and see how they can be used to model real world situations, particularly those involving revenue and cost. We will also further explore function compositions, and learn how to find the inverse of a function.
Module 3: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
In this module, we expand our catalog of functions to study two new functions that arise when modelling natural phenomena: the exponential and logarithmic functions. In the last module, we saw that one-to-one functions have inverses, which reverse the function process. For example, the function f(x) = x^3 has as its inverse the function g(x) = x^(1/3). We now want to expand this process to find inverses for exponential functions - those of the form f(x) = a^x, where a is a positive number not equal to one.
Module 4: Properties of Logarithms
Understanding the logarithm as an exponent allows for important algebraic properties of the logarithm. In this module, we will explore these properties and their uses as we apply logarithms to real world examples.

Good to know

Know what's good
, what to watch for
, and possible dealbreakers
Suitable for students planning careers in natural or computer sciences, psychology, sociology, or similar fields
Appropriate for learners with no prior experience in higher mathematics
Builds a strong foundation for further scientific or calculus courses
Applies mathematical concepts to analyze data and interpret real-world problems in various disciplines
Utilizes multiple learning resources, including real-life data, exercise sets, and assessments, to promote understanding and retention

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Reviews summary

Precalculus with functions and relations

Learners say this Precalculus: Relations and Functions course is engaging, well-organized, and useful for reviewing or learning precalculus fundamentals. The lectures are clear, concise, and give examples. Quizzes and exercises are thought-provoking and help assess understanding. Students appreciate the explanations of algebraic concepts and applications to real-world problems. Overall, learners recommend this course for brush-ups or deeper dives into precalculus topics.
Focuses on precalculus basics
"For what it covers, this course is pretty good. Note that "relations and functions" is not at all the entirety of a Pre-Calculus course, so if you're looking for a full course, this is not it."
Well-explained lectures
"The lectures are clearer than any math teacher I ever had in school."
"The lectures were great and the assignments and quizzes were challenging."
Exercises and quizzes test understanding
"The difficulty of the quizzes is just right, enough to reinforce the concepts presented in the video lectures."
Engaging and well-organized
"The course was really nice and engaging, the videos were crystal clear and well made."
May be too slow for some
"I would definitely go through these lectures at a slow pace unless you already know all this material."
External textbook helpful
"Advice on an associated textbook would be helpful."
Some prior knowledge assumed
"This course is for people with some experience in precalculus."
Lack of feedback on quizzes
"In this course, all of that feedback is missing. When you get an answer wrong on a quiz, you don't see a solution worked out to help you figure out why you got it wrong."

Activities

Be better prepared before your course. Deepen your understanding during and after it. Supplement your coursework and achieve mastery of the topics covered in Precalculus: Relations and Functions with these activities:
Algebra Review Exercises
Practice algebra skills to strengthen your foundation.
Show steps
  • Solve equations
  • Simplify expressions
  • Graph linear functions
Review Precalculus Textbook
Review the textbook before taking the course to refresh your memory on relevant concepts.
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  • Read through the chapter summaries
  • Complete the practice problems at the end of each chapter
  • Take notes on the main concepts
Khan Academy Precalculus Tutorials
Follow video tutorials to reinforce your understanding of precalculus concepts.
Browse courses on Functions
Show steps
  • Watch the videos on the basics of functions
  • Complete the practice exercises
  • Take the quizzes to test your understanding
Four other activities
Expand to see all activities and additional details
Show all seven activities
Study Group Discussions
Engage in discussions with peers to clarify concepts and solve problems together.
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  • Form a study group with classmates
  • Meet regularly to discuss course material
  • Work together on problem sets and assignments
Function Graphing Practice
Practice graphing functions to improve your visualization and analysis skills.
Browse courses on Functions
Show steps
  • Plot points for a given function
  • Identify the domain and range of the function
  • Sketch the graph of the function
Exponential and Logarithmic Function Practice
Practice working with exponential and logarithmic functions to enhance your problem-solving skills.
Browse courses on Exponential Functions
Show steps
  • Simplify exponential expressions
  • Solve exponential equations
  • Convert between exponential and logarithmic form
Function Modeling Project
Apply your knowledge of functions to model a real-world phenomenon.
Browse courses on Functions
Show steps
  • Choose a phenomenon to model
  • Collect data on the phenomenon
  • Develop a mathematical function to represent the data
  • Evaluate the accuracy of the model

Career center

Learners who complete Precalculus: Relations and Functions will develop knowledge and skills that may be useful to these careers:
Data Scientist
Data Scientists use scientific methods, algorithms, and systems to extract knowledge and insights from data in various forms, both structured and unstructured. Taking the Precalculus: Relations and Functions course can help you build a strong foundation for success in this field. The course provides a comprehensive understanding of functions, their properties, and applications to data analysis. This knowledge is essential for Data Scientists who need to analyze and interpret large datasets effectively.
Statistician
Statisticians collect, analyze, interpret, and present data to help businesses and organizations make informed decisions. As a Statistician, you would need a strong foundation in mathematics, including calculus and statistics. The Precalculus: Relations and Functions course provides a solid foundation for understanding the concepts of functions and their applications in data analysis. This knowledge will be beneficial for your career as a Statistician.
Financial Analyst
Financial Analysts use mathematical and statistical techniques to analyze financial data and make recommendations on investments. They need a strong understanding of mathematics, including calculus and statistics. The Precalculus: Relations and Functions course provides a solid foundation for understanding the concepts of functions and their applications in financial analysis. This knowledge will be beneficial for your career as a Financial Analyst.
Actuary
Actuaries use mathematical and statistical techniques to assess risk and uncertainty in various fields, including insurance, finance, and healthcare. They need a strong understanding of mathematics, including calculus and statistics. The Precalculus: Relations and Functions course provides a solid foundation for understanding the concepts of functions and their applications in actuarial science. This knowledge will be beneficial for your career as an Actuary.
Economist
Economists use mathematical and statistical techniques to analyze economic data and make recommendations on economic policy. They need a strong understanding of mathematics, including calculus and statistics. The Precalculus: Relations and Functions course provides a solid foundation for understanding the concepts of functions and their applications in economics. This knowledge will be beneficial for your career as an Economist.
Market Researcher
Market Researchers collect, analyze, and interpret data to understand consumer behavior and market trends. They need a strong understanding of mathematics, including statistics. The Precalculus: Relations and Functions course provides a solid foundation for understanding the concepts of functions and their applications in market research. This knowledge will be beneficial for your career as a Market Researcher.
Operations Research Analyst
Operations Research Analysts use mathematical and statistical techniques to analyze complex systems and make recommendations for improvement. They need a strong understanding of mathematics, including calculus and statistics. The Precalculus: Relations and Functions course provides a solid foundation for understanding the concepts of functions and their applications in operations research. This knowledge will be beneficial for your career as an Operations Research Analyst.
Business Analyst
Business Analysts use data analysis and problem-solving skills to improve business processes and make recommendations for change. They need a strong understanding of mathematics, including statistics. The Precalculus: Relations and Functions course provides a solid foundation for understanding the concepts of functions and their applications in business analysis. This knowledge will be beneficial for your career as a Business Analyst.
Software Engineer
Software Engineers design, develop, and maintain software applications. They need a strong understanding of mathematics, including calculus and statistics. The Precalculus: Relations and Functions course provides a solid foundation for understanding the concepts of functions and their applications in software engineering. This knowledge will be beneficial for your career as a Software Engineer.
Data Analyst
Data Analysts collect, clean, and analyze data to find trends and patterns. They need a strong understanding of mathematics, including statistics. The Precalculus: Relations and Functions course provides a solid foundation for understanding the concepts of functions and their applications in data analysis. This knowledge will be beneficial for your career as a Data Analyst.
Computer Scientist
Computer Scientists design, develop, and implement computer systems. They need a strong understanding of mathematics, including calculus and statistics. The Precalculus: Relations and Functions course provides a solid foundation for understanding the concepts of functions and their applications in computer science. This knowledge will be beneficial for your career as a Computer Scientist.
Quantitative Analyst
Quantitative Analysts use mathematical and statistical techniques to analyze financial data and make recommendations on investments. They need a strong understanding of mathematics, including calculus and statistics. The Precalculus: Relations and Functions course provides a solid foundation for understanding the concepts of functions and their applications in quantitative analysis. This knowledge will be beneficial for your career as a Quantitative Analyst.
Risk Analyst
Risk Analysts use mathematical and statistical techniques to assess risk and uncertainty in various fields, including insurance, finance, and healthcare. They need a strong understanding of mathematics, including calculus and statistics. The Precalculus: Relations and Functions course provides a solid foundation for understanding the concepts of functions and their applications in risk analysis. This knowledge will be beneficial for your career as a Risk Analyst.
Mathematician
Mathematicians develop new mathematical theories and solve mathematical problems. They need a strong understanding of mathematics, including calculus and statistics. The Precalculus: Relations and Functions course provides a solid foundation for understanding the concepts of functions and their applications in mathematics. This knowledge will be beneficial for your career as a Mathematician.
Teacher
Teachers educate students in various subjects, including mathematics. They need a strong understanding of mathematics, including calculus and statistics. The Precalculus: Relations and Functions course provides a solid foundation for understanding the concepts of functions and their applications in teaching. This knowledge will be beneficial for your career as a Teacher.

Reading list

We've selected seven books that we think will supplement your learning. Use these to develop background knowledge, enrich your coursework, and gain a deeper understanding of the topics covered in Precalculus: Relations and Functions.
Provides a comprehensive introduction to the concepts and applications of precalculus, including functions, graphs, and trigonometry. It valuable resource for students who need a strong foundation in precalculus before taking calculus.
Provides a comprehensive introduction to the concepts and applications of precalculus, including functions, graphs, and trigonometry. It valuable resource for students who need a strong foundation in precalculus before taking calculus.
Provides a comprehensive introduction to the concepts and applications of calculus, including limits, derivatives, and integrals. It valuable resource for students who need a strong foundation in calculus after taking precalculus.
Provides a comprehensive review of college algebra and trigonometry, including functions, equations, inequalities, and trigonometry. It valuable resource for students who need a refresher on these topics before taking precalculus.
Provides a comprehensive introduction to the concepts and applications of college algebra. It valuable resource for students who need a strong foundation in college algebra before taking precalculus.
Provides a comprehensive introduction to the concepts and applications of trigonometry. It valuable resource for students who need a strong foundation in trigonometry before taking precalculus.
Provides a comprehensive introduction to trigonometry, including the unit circle, trigonometric functions, and their applications. It valuable resource for students who need a strong foundation in trigonometry before taking precalculus.

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