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曹淑娟 Tsao Shu-chuan

本課程以文人園林為窗口,觀察中國古典文學如何處理人與空間的關係。中國園林自秦漢上林宮苑樹立規模,隨著歷朝社會文化發展,唐宋以降逐漸凝塑出文人園林的主要美學型態。園林營造出一個可居可遊的人文活動空間,相關的書寫活動亦蓬勃展開。本課程選擇具代表性的案例,觀察園主如何營造一個可居可遊的人文活動空間,並藉由詩文記存相關的審美經驗、精神意趣與人生觀省。

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Syllabus

蘇舜欽的人生際遇
本講旨在介紹蘇舜欽的人生際遇。首先,講述他從年少得志,本被視作大有可為的明日之星,卻旋即因爲進奏院事件而被削職為民,旅居吳中的經歷。再者,藉由詩文解讀蘇舜欽來至蘇州以後無所立足的困頓,以及他在鬱然草樹中發現廢園,繼而有所依托的心境轉折。
清風明月本無價的滄浪亭
本講旨在介紹蘇舜欽重整廢園,構亭滄浪的生命意義。在建設、命名、書寫三者同步進行的過程中,蘇舜欽覆蓋了園林舊主的痕跡,肯認自己新主人的身分;並在清曠幽閒的園居生活中,尋索自勝之道,期以超越過往陷溺於名利場中的自己。
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滄浪亭的歷史記憶
本講旨從歷史記憶的角度,梳理滄浪亭在時間流變中,經歷易主與重修後的意義變遷。其中,尤其關注滄浪亭在清代重修時,景象元素以及地景文化的承繼與創變。
祁彪佳與寓山的逢會
本講旨在介紹祁彪佳與寓山的逢會。崇禎八年(1635),祁彪佳以侍養歸家,得以親近山水。一方面走訪紹興城內與四郊園林,編寫《越中園亭記》;另一方面,則因結廬之志的萌芽,選擇具有家族情感的寓山小邱作為園林開闢的基址,並在造園的實踐中,與寓山建立起一分親密的情感連結。
寓山園林的景象與生活
本講旨在介紹寓山園林的景象與生活。首先,從自然要素、人工要素以及景象之間的結構關係,來分析以四十九景為主要規模的寓山園林。再者,舉證說明園林中的人事活動,如何與祁彪佳的生命相終始。最後,從園林的分景、命名,以及文字作注等諸種行動,闡述寓山園的獨特性;並以具體的文本揭示祁彪佳如何書寫他在園中的審美經驗與情志。
體現主體價值的寓山
本講旨在介紹祁彪佳如何以勤懇的文字耕耘以及勇於承擔的生命實踐,使得寓山園林成為一個蘊含鮮明主體價值的空間。首先,詮釋「寓」的多重意涵。再者,講述祁彪佳如何通過《寓山志》的編纂,以文字建構起一知音相契的場域。再次,觀看寓山園林在晚明動盪之際,如何在祁彪佳投入救荒的行動中,化身為亂世裡的避難之地;最後,在無可迴避的價值取捨中,他又如何以死明志,以寓山作為歸身之所。
西湖上的園舟與舟園
本講旨在介紹西湖公共園林的開發以及汪汝謙不繫園的出現。在歷史的發展中,西湖經過多次的疏浚、重整與擴建,逐步形成一個雅俗共賞的風景勝地。而汪汝謙則在舊制樓船的基礎之上,削減體量,將其改良為可以靈活移動,突破外湖遊覽侷限的不繫園。
不繫園的多重身分
本講旨在介紹不繫園的多重身分。從遊湖之舟、居園之庵到意在之園,汪汝謙透過舟舫的興造,實踐了他以山水為園的理念,突破陸地園林的固著,形成一種新的園居方式。
不繫園的文化意義
本講旨在介紹不繫園的文化意義。首先,講述汪汝謙在以湖舫為園的同時,也致力於投入西湖的公共建設,並積極地贊助杭州的文藝文化。再者,藉由解讀「不繫」的雙重意涵,反思不繫園在西湖園池隨喜不羈的超越性,以及它在異代之後所必然面臨的侷限性。
「中國園林文學 (二)」期末評量

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Delves into historical and cultural facets of garden aesthetics and literature in China
Involves examination and analysis of garden design, spatial arrangement, and aesthetic philosophies
Draws on historical examples and case studies to illustrate the literary and aesthetic principles of Chinese gardening
Taught by experts in Chinese literature, art history, and landscape architecture
Covers a diverse range of topics, including the role of gardens in Chinese society, the interplay between nature and culture, and the expression of personal and philosophical ideas through garden design
May require familiarity with Chinese history, culture, or landscape architecture principles

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Activities

Be better prepared before your course. Deepen your understanding during and after it. Supplement your coursework and achieve mastery of the topics covered in 中國園林文學 (二) (Chinese Garden Literature (2)) with these activities:
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Career center

Learners who complete 中國園林文學 (二) (Chinese Garden Literature (2)) will develop knowledge and skills that may be useful to these careers:
Restorer
This course on Chinese Garden Literature can help someone interested in a career as a Restorer who wishes to specialize in the restoration of Chinese gardens or incorporate Chinese garden design principles into their work. The course covers the history and aesthetics of these gardens, as well as the techniques and materials, which would all be beneficial to a Restorer.
Professor
This course on Chinese Garden Literature would be useful for a Professor who teaches Chinese literature, history, or culture. The course covers the history and aesthetics of Chinese gardens, which is an important part of the Chinese literary tradition.
Park Ranger
A Park Ranger may find this course in Chinese Garden Literature helpful, especially if they are interested in working in a park with a Chinese garden or in a park system that has implemented Chinese garden design principles. The course explores the history and aesthetics of these gardens, providing context on the cultural significance of such spaces in a park system.
Landscape Architect
Those who would like to enter the field of Landscape Architecture may find value in this course on Chinese Garden Literature. This industry often requires a master's degree. The course covers the history and aesthetics of Chinese gardens, which would aid someone in this field who wishes to specialize in Chinese gardens or incorporate Chinese design principles into their work.
Historian
This course on Chinese Garden Literature may be useful to a Historian who wishes to specialize in the history of Chinese art, architecture, or culture. The course covers the history and aesthetics of Chinese gardens, providing a context for and understanding of the historical significance of these gardens.
Art historian
An Art Historian who wishes to specialize in Chinese art and architecture may find this course on Chinese Garden Literature useful. The course covers the history and aesthetics of Chinese gardens, which are a significant part of Chinese art and architectural history.
Architect
Those who would like to enter the field of Architecture may find value in this course on Chinese Garden Literature. This industry often requires a master's degree. The course covers the history and aesthetics of Chinese gardens, which will provide a foundation for someone in this field who wishes to specialize in Chinese gardens or incorporate Chinese design principles into their work.
Curator
For those who wish to become a Curator, this course on Chinese Garden Literature may be useful, particularly for those who wish to work in a museum or gallery that has a focus on Chinese art or culture. The course covers the history and aesthetics of Chinese gardens, which would contribute to the understanding of artifacts from these gardens or related items in such an institution.
Cultural Heritage Manager
This course on Chinese Garden Literature can aid someone in a Cultural Heritage Manager role in a number of ways. Firstly, the course approaches gardens from a literary perspective, which builds a foundation in understanding the history and cultural context of gardens, key to effectively managing cultural heritage. Secondly, it focuses on the concept of space and nature in literature, which would allow a manager to better appreciate the spatiality and environmental significance of cultural heritage sites.
Landscape Designer
Those who would like to enter the field of Landscape Design may find value in this course on Chinese Garden Literature. The course covers the history and aesthetics of Chinese gardens, which will provide a foundation for someone in this field who wishes to specialize in Chinese gardens or incorporate Chinese design principles into their work.
Cultural Anthropologist
This course on Chinese Garden Literature may prove useful to a Cultural Anthropologist who wishes to specialize in the study of Chinese culture. The course covers the history and aesthetics of Chinese gardens, which are an important part of Chinese culture and history.
Journalist
This course on Chinese Garden Literature may be of use to a Journalist who wishes to specialize in writing about Chinese culture or travel. The course covers the history and aesthetics of Chinese gardens, and also the literary traditions around these gardens, providing a foundation for someone who wishes to write about these topics.
Writer
This course on Chinese Garden Literature may be useful to a Writer who wishes to specialize in writing about Chinese culture, history, or gardens. The course covers the history and aesthetics of Chinese gardens, and also the literary traditions around these gardens, providing a foundation for someone who wishes to write about these topics.
Teacher
For those who would like to enter the teaching field, this course on Chinese Garden Literature may be helpful, particularly for those who wish to teach Chinese language, literature, or culture. The course covers the history and aesthetics of Chinese gardens, which are often mentioned in Chinese literature.
Museum curator
This course in Chinese Garden Literature may be useful to a Museum Curator who wishes to specialize in Asian art and culture or work in a museum with a focus on gardens. The course covers the history and aesthetics of Chinese gardens, providing a foundation in the topic.

Reading list

We've selected nine books that we think will supplement your learning. Use these to develop background knowledge, enrich your coursework, and gain a deeper understanding of the topics covered in 中國園林文學 (二) (Chinese Garden Literature (2)).
本書為中國園林史的經典著作,系統梳理了中國園林的發展歷程,對於了解中國園林文學 (二) 課程中涉及的園林歷史變遷很有幫助。
这是一本专著,深入探讨了宋代园林的发展成就、美学思想和园林文化。
这是一本中国诗学的经典著作,系统阐述了中国诗歌的意境、比兴、神韵等美学思想。
本書專門介紹蘇州園林,對於理解中國園林文學 (二) 課程中涉及的蘇舜欽與滄浪亭很有幫助。
本書深入研究了明清時期的園林,對於理解中國園林文學 (二) 課程中涉及的祁彪佳與寓山園林很有幫助。
本書為英文版的中國文學概論,對於外國學習者理解中國園林文學 (二) 課程中涉及的中國文學發展脈絡很有幫助。
本書為英文版的中國文化入門書,對於外國學習者理解中國園林文學 (二) 課程中涉及的園林與中國文化的關係很有幫助。

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