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Teorías de la justicia

Laly Catalina Peralta Gonzalez

Uno de los elementos más importantes en el campo de la teoría jurídica es el estudio de las diversas posturas que desde los filósofos griegos se han elaborado acerca de lo que es la justicia, su fundamento y justificación teórica, así como su concreción en el Estado y el modo como esa virtud es adquirida por sus ciudadanos. Tales posturas, con el paso del tiempo, no han permanecido estáticas, en algunos casos se han transformado radicalmente, y en otros han sido contestadas y refutadas por nuevas teorías. Sin embargo, existen ciertas preguntas que se formularon desde la antigüedad, que aún continúan siendo el fundamento de la reflexión tanto de las teorías modernas de autores del siglo XVII, XVIII y XIX, como de autores más contemporáneos del siglo XX y XXI. Dichas preguntas hacen referencia a cuestiones tales como: ¿qué es la justicia?, ¿cuál es el fundamento moral de lo justo?, ¿cuál es la relación entre el derecho, la política y la justicia?, ¿cómo se adquiere esa virtud?, ¿qué tipos de justicia existen?, ¿cuál es el papel del estado y de la comunidad política en el logro de los ideales de la justicia?

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Uno de los elementos más importantes en el campo de la teoría jurídica es el estudio de las diversas posturas que desde los filósofos griegos se han elaborado acerca de lo que es la justicia, su fundamento y justificación teórica, así como su concreción en el Estado y el modo como esa virtud es adquirida por sus ciudadanos. Tales posturas, con el paso del tiempo, no han permanecido estáticas, en algunos casos se han transformado radicalmente, y en otros han sido contestadas y refutadas por nuevas teorías. Sin embargo, existen ciertas preguntas que se formularon desde la antigüedad, que aún continúan siendo el fundamento de la reflexión tanto de las teorías modernas de autores del siglo XVII, XVIII y XIX, como de autores más contemporáneos del siglo XX y XXI. Dichas preguntas hacen referencia a cuestiones tales como: ¿qué es la justicia?, ¿cuál es el fundamento moral de lo justo?, ¿cuál es la relación entre el derecho, la política y la justicia?, ¿cómo se adquiere esa virtud?, ¿qué tipos de justicia existen?, ¿cuál es el papel del estado y de la comunidad política en el logro de los ideales de la justicia?

Este curso en particular abordará dos preguntas fundamentales que remiten a dos formas de entender qué es lo justo: 1) ¿Cuáles son los criterios para determinar que la distribución de bienes y derechos es justa en sociedad? 2) ¿Cuál es la manera más justa de hacer tránsito de la guerra a la paz, de la dictadura a la democracia, de un régimen que viola los derechos humanos a uno que los respete? La primera pregunta remite a lo que conocemos como justicia distributiva y la segunda a lo que hoy conocemos sobre justicia transicional.

What's inside

Learning objectives

  • Comprender las preguntas fundamentales y las discusiones en torno a la justicia distributiva durante el siglo xix y xx.
  • Discutir argumentativamente las tensiones entre los diferentes autores que han abordado las preguntas propias de la justicia distributiva.
  • Comprender los principales elementos, conceptos, mecanismos y estándares de la justicia transicional.
  • Analizar, a través de casos comparados, los elementos, conceptos, mecanismos y estándares de la justicia transicional.

Syllabus

Tema 1. Justicia distributiva
Introducción a la justicia distributiva y al utilitarismo
Justicia como equidad (John Rawls, siglo XX)
Visiones libertarias (Robert Nozick, siglo XX)
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Tema 2. Justicia transicional
Mirada histórica
Derecho a la verdad
Derecho a la justicia
Derecho a la reparación

Good to know

Know what's good
, what to watch for
, and possible dealbreakers
Se centra en las perspectivas de la justicia distributiva del siglo XIX y XX, que es esencial para comprender la teoría jurídica moderna
Analiza las teorías de justicia transicional, un tema altamente relevante en el mundo actual
Aborda cuestiones fundamentales sobre la distribución justa de bienes y derechos, lo que resulta crucial para la sociedad
Requiere conocimiento previo en teoría jurídica, lo que podría limitar la accesibilidad para principiantes

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Activities

Coming soon We're preparing activities for Teorías de la justicia. These are activities you can do either before, during, or after a course.

Career center

Learners who complete Teorías de la justicia will develop knowledge and skills that may be useful to these careers:
Economist
Economists study the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. This course may be useful for aspiring economists, as it provides a strong foundation in the principles of justice and ethics. This knowledge can help economists develop economic policies that are fair and equitable, and that promote economic growth.
Sociologist
Sociologists study society and social behavior. This course may be useful for aspiring sociologists, as it provides a strong foundation in the principles of justice and ethics. This knowledge can help sociologists understand the social factors that contribute to inequality and injustice, and develop policies to address these issues.
Political Scientist
Political scientists study politics and government. This course may be useful for aspiring political scientists, as it provides a strong foundation in the principles of justice and ethics. This knowledge can help political scientists understand the political process and develop policies that are fair and just.
Nonprofit Manager
Nonprofit managers oversee the operations of nonprofit organizations. This course may be useful for aspiring nonprofit managers, as it provides a strong foundation in the principles of justice and ethics. This knowledge can help nonprofit managers make decisions that are in the best interests of the organization and its beneficiaries.
Ethics Officer
Ethics officers are responsible for ensuring that organizations operate in an ethical manner. This course may be useful for aspiring ethics officers, as it provides a strong foundation in the principles of justice and ethics. This knowledge can help ethics officers develop and implement ethical policies and procedures, and to resolve ethical dilemmas.
Public Administrator
Public administrators manage public programs and services. This course may be useful for aspiring public administrators, as it provides a strong foundation in the principles of justice and ethics. This knowledge can help public administrators make decisions that are fair and equitable, and that serve the public interest.
Social Worker
Social workers help people overcome challenges and improve their lives. This course may be useful for aspiring social workers, as it provides a strong foundation in the principles of justice and ethics. This knowledge can help social workers advocate for the rights of vulnerable populations and promote social justice.
Teacher
Teachers are responsible for educating students about a variety of subjects. This course may be useful for aspiring teachers, as it provides a strong foundation in the principles of justice and ethics. This knowledge can help teachers create a fair and equitable learning environment for all students.
Journalist
Journalists are responsible for informing the public about important issues. This course may be useful for aspiring journalists, as it provides a strong foundation in the principles of justice and ethics. This knowledge can help journalists report on complex social issues fairly and accurately.
International Development Specialist
International development specialists work to improve the lives of people in developing countries. This course may be helpful for those aspiring to become international development specialists, as it provides a strong foundation in the principles of justice and human rights. This knowledge can be essential in designing and implementing development programs that are fair and equitable.
Human Rights Officer
Human rights officers are responsible for promoting and protecting human rights. This course may be useful for those aspiring to become human rights officers, as it provides a deep understanding of the concept of justice and how it relates to human rights. This knowledge can be invaluable in advocating for the rights of individuals and communities.
Policy Analyst
Policy analysts research and analyze public policies, and make recommendations on how to improve them. This course may be helpful for policy analysts, as it provides a strong understanding of the ethical and philosophical principles that underlie policy decisions. This knowledge can help policy analysts develop more equitable and effective policies.
Legal Analyst
Legal analysts review and interpret laws, regulations, and legal documents. They may also conduct legal research and provide expert testimony. This course can be valuable for legal analysts as it provides a comprehensive understanding of different theories of justice and how they are applied in the legal system.
Judge
Judges are responsible for presiding over legal proceedings, making rulings on legal matters, and interpreting laws. This course may be useful for those aspiring to become judges, as it provides a deep understanding of the philosophical underpinnings of justice. This knowledge can be invaluable in making fair and impartial decisions.
Lawyer
Lawyers are legal professionals who are trained to represent clients in court, give legal advice, and draft legal documents. This course may be useful for aspiring lawyers as it provides a strong foundation in the theories of justice. This understanding can be particularly valuable in fields such as criminal law, constitutional law, and human rights law, where lawyers must grapple with complex questions of fairness and equity.

Reading list

We've selected 14 books that we think will supplement your learning. Use these to develop background knowledge, enrich your coursework, and gain a deeper understanding of the topics covered in Teorías de la justicia.
Classic work of political philosophy that develops a theory of justice based on the idea of a social contract. It is essential reading for anyone interested in the foundations of justice.
Revised and updated version of Rawls's A Theory of Justice. It more accessible introduction to Rawls's theory of justice and is highly recommended for students.
Provides a comprehensive overview of the different theories of justice. It great resource for students who are interested in learning more about the different ways of thinking about justice.
Provides a comprehensive overview of the different theories of justice. It great resource for students who are interested in learning more about the different ways of thinking about justice.
Is Rawls's most recent work on political philosophy. It develops a theory of justice that is based on the idea of political liberalism.
Explores the relationship between justice and equality. It great resource for students who are interested in learning more about the different ways of thinking about justice.
Argues that justice is not the same as the good. It challenging but rewarding read for students who are interested in the foundations of justice.
Explores the practical implications of the different theories of justice. It great resource for students who are interested in learning more about how justice can be achieved in the real world.
Clear and concise introduction to the concept of distributive justice. It great resource for students who are new to the topic.
Provides a comprehensive overview of the ethical issues surrounding war and peace. It great resource for students who are interested in learning more about the just war tradition.
Explores the complex relationship between reconciliation and justice. It great resource for students who are interested in learning more about the different ways of responding to past violence.
Examines the role of human rights in achieving justice. It great resource for students who are interested in learning more about the international legal framework for protecting human rights.

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