Teorías de la justicia from edX

Uno de los elementos más importantes en el campo de la teoría jurídica es el estudio de las diversas posturas que desde los filósofos griegos se han elaborado acerca de lo que es la justicia, su fundamento y justificación teórica, así como su concreción en el Estado y el modo como esa virtud es adquirida por sus ciudadanos. Tales posturas, con el paso del tiempo, no han permanecido estáticas, en algunos casos se han transformado radicalmente, y en otros han sido contestadas y refutadas por nuevas teorías. Sin embargo, existen ciertas preguntas que se formularon desde la antigüedad, que aún continúan siendo el fundamento de la reflexión tanto de las teorías modernas de autores del siglo XVII, XVIII y XIX, como de autores más contemporáneos del siglo XX y XXI. Dichas preguntas hacen referencia a cuestiones tales como: ¿qué es la justicia?, ¿cuál es el fundamento moral de lo justo?, ¿cuál es la relación entre el derecho, la política y la justicia?, ¿cómo se adquiere esa virtud?, ¿qué tipos de justicia existen?, ¿cuál es el papel del estado y de la comunidad política en el logro de los ideales de la justicia?

Este curso en particular abordará dos preguntas fundamentales que remiten a dos formas de entender qué es lo justo: 1) ¿Cuáles son los criterios para determinar que la distribución de bienes y derechos es justa en sociedad? 2) ¿Cuál es la manera más justa de hacer tránsito de la guerra a la paz, de la dictadura a la democracia, de un régimen que viola los derechos humanos a uno que los respete? La primera pregunta remite a lo que conocemos como justicia distributiva y la segunda a lo que hoy conocemos sobre justicia transicional.

What's inside

Learning objectives

Comprender las preguntas fundamentales y las discusiones en torno a la justicia distributiva durante el siglo xix y xx.
Discutir argumentativamente las tensiones entre los diferentes autores que han abordado las preguntas propias de la justicia distributiva.

Comprender los principales elementos, conceptos, mecanismos y estándares de la justicia transicional.
Analizar, a través de casos comparados, los elementos, conceptos, mecanismos y estándares de la justicia transicional.

Comprender las preguntas fundamentales y las discusiones en torno a la justicia distributiva durante el siglo xix y xx.
Discutir argumentativamente las tensiones entre los diferentes autores que han abordado las preguntas propias de la justicia distributiva.
Comprender los principales elementos, conceptos, mecanismos y estándares de la justicia transicional.
Analizar, a través de casos comparados, los elementos, conceptos, mecanismos y estándares de la justicia transicional.

Syllabus

Tema 1. Justicia distributiva

Introducción a la justicia distributiva y al utilitarismo

Justicia como equidad (John Rawls, siglo XX)

Visiones libertarias (Robert Nozick, siglo XX)

Tema 2. Justicia transicional

Mirada histórica

Derecho a la verdad

Derecho a la justicia

Derecho a la reparación

Good to know

Know what's good

, what to watch for

, and possible dealbreakers

Se centra en las perspectivas de la justicia distributiva del siglo XIX y XX, que es esencial para comprender la teoría jurídica moderna

Analiza las teorías de justicia transicional, un tema altamente relevante en el mundo actual

Aborda cuestiones fundamentales sobre la distribución justa de bienes y derechos, lo que resulta crucial para la sociedad

Requiere conocimiento previo en teoría jurídica, lo que podría limitar la accesibilidad para principiantes

Activities

Be better prepared before your course. Deepen your understanding during and after it. Supplement your coursework and achieve mastery of the topics covered in Teorías de la justicia with these activities:

Read 'Justice: What's the Right Thing to Do?' by Michael J. Sandel

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Gain a comprehensive understanding of diverse perspectives on justice and its implications for society.

View La tiranía del mérito on Amazon

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Read the book thoroughly, taking notes and highlighting key passages.
Identify the main arguments and concepts presented by Sandel.
Critically evaluate Sandel's arguments and consider alternative views.
Write a summary or review of the book, reflecting on its relevance to the course topics.

Review the fundamentals of distributive justice

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Strengthen your understanding of the core concepts of distributive justice to prepare for the course.

Browse courses on Distributive Justice

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Read the seminal work 'A Theory of Justice' by John Rawls.
Summarize the main arguments and principles of Rawls' theory of justice.
Identify the key criticisms of Rawls' theory and consider alternative perspectives.

Engage in discussions on contemporary issues in justice

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Expand your perspectives and sharpen your critical thinking through peer-to-peer discussions.

Browse courses on Justice

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Join or create a study group or discussion forum for the course.
Identify a current event or issue related to justice.
Research the issue and prepare arguments from different perspectives.
Participate actively in discussions, sharing your insights and listening to others.

Three other activities

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Develop a hypothetical scenario to illustrate a dilemma in distributive justice

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Deepen your understanding of the complexities of distributive justice by creating a thought experiment.

Browse courses on Distributive Justice

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Identify a real-world issue or problem that involves the distribution of goods or resources.
Construct a hypothetical scenario that captures the essential elements of the issue.
Analyze the scenario using different principles of distributive justice (e.g., equality, fairness, need).
Present your scenario and analysis to peers or a tutor for feedback.

Explore case studies of justice transitions

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Gain practical insights into the challenges and successes of implementing justice transitions.

Browse courses on Transitional Justice

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Select a case study of a country or region that has undergone a significant justice transition.
Research the historical context, key events, and mechanisms used in the transition.
Analyze the effectiveness of the transition in promoting justice, reconciliation, and accountability.
Compare and contrast the case study with other examples of justice transitions.

Create a model for promoting restorative justice in a specific community

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Apply your knowledge to develop a practical solution for promoting restorative justice principles.

Browse courses on Restorative Justice

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Research and identify a community that could benefit from restorative justice practices.
Consult with local stakeholders, including community leaders, organizations, and individuals.
Develop a model for implementing restorative justice principles in the community.
Present your model to stakeholders and seek feedback for improvement.
Develop a plan for implementing the model and monitoring its effectiveness.

Career center

Learners who complete Teorías de la justicia will develop knowledge and skills that may be useful to these careers:

Economist

Economists study the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. This course may be useful for aspiring economists, as it provides a strong foundation in the principles of justice and ethics. This knowledge can help economists develop economic policies that are fair and equitable, and that promote economic growth.

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Sociologist

Sociologists study society and social behavior. This course may be useful for aspiring sociologists, as it provides a strong foundation in the principles of justice and ethics. This knowledge can help sociologists understand the social factors that contribute to inequality and injustice, and develop policies to address these issues.

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Political Scientist

Political scientists study politics and government. This course may be useful for aspiring political scientists, as it provides a strong foundation in the principles of justice and ethics. This knowledge can help political scientists understand the political process and develop policies that are fair and just.

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Nonprofit Manager

Nonprofit managers oversee the operations of nonprofit organizations. This course may be useful for aspiring nonprofit managers, as it provides a strong foundation in the principles of justice and ethics. This knowledge can help nonprofit managers make decisions that are in the best interests of the organization and its beneficiaries.

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Ethics Officer

Ethics officers are responsible for ensuring that organizations operate in an ethical manner. This course may be useful for aspiring ethics officers, as it provides a strong foundation in the principles of justice and ethics. This knowledge can help ethics officers develop and implement ethical policies and procedures, and to resolve ethical dilemmas.

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Public Administrator

Public administrators manage public programs and services. This course may be useful for aspiring public administrators, as it provides a strong foundation in the principles of justice and ethics. This knowledge can help public administrators make decisions that are fair and equitable, and that serve the public interest.

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Social Worker

Social workers help people overcome challenges and improve their lives. This course may be useful for aspiring social workers, as it provides a strong foundation in the principles of justice and ethics. This knowledge can help social workers advocate for the rights of vulnerable populations and promote social justice.

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Teacher

Teachers are responsible for educating students about a variety of subjects. This course may be useful for aspiring teachers, as it provides a strong foundation in the principles of justice and ethics. This knowledge can help teachers create a fair and equitable learning environment for all students.

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Journalist

Journalists are responsible for informing the public about important issues. This course may be useful for aspiring journalists, as it provides a strong foundation in the principles of justice and ethics. This knowledge can help journalists report on complex social issues fairly and accurately.

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International Development Specialist

International development specialists work to improve the lives of people in developing countries. This course may be helpful for those aspiring to become international development specialists, as it provides a strong foundation in the principles of justice and human rights. This knowledge can be essential in designing and implementing development programs that are fair and equitable.

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Human Rights Officer

Human rights officers are responsible for promoting and protecting human rights. This course may be useful for those aspiring to become human rights officers, as it provides a deep understanding of the concept of justice and how it relates to human rights. This knowledge can be invaluable in advocating for the rights of individuals and communities.

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Policy Analyst

Policy analysts research and analyze public policies, and make recommendations on how to improve them. This course may be helpful for policy analysts, as it provides a strong understanding of the ethical and philosophical principles that underlie policy decisions. This knowledge can help policy analysts develop more equitable and effective policies.

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Legal Analyst

Legal analysts review and interpret laws, regulations, and legal documents. They may also conduct legal research and provide expert testimony. This course can be valuable for legal analysts as it provides a comprehensive understanding of different theories of justice and how they are applied in the legal system.

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Judge

Judges are responsible for presiding over legal proceedings, making rulings on legal matters, and interpreting laws. This course may be useful for those aspiring to become judges, as it provides a deep understanding of the philosophical underpinnings of justice. This knowledge can be invaluable in making fair and impartial decisions.

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Lawyer

Lawyers are legal professionals who are trained to represent clients in court, give legal advice, and draft legal documents. This course may be useful for aspiring lawyers as it provides a strong foundation in the theories of justice. This understanding can be particularly valuable in fields such as criminal law, constitutional law, and human rights law, where lawyers must grapple with complex questions of fairness and equity.

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