遗传学实验 from Coursera

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实验一模式动物与遗传学

包括线虫、果蝇、斑马鱼的雌雄识别（遗传杂交前必备的技能）并了解其生活史（设计实验的同时，倒推实验材料的准备、遗传杂交的操作以及观察后代的各个时间节点必备知识）。

实验二染色体观察及果蝇平衡染色体

通过微观（观察不同物种染色体玻片标本）和宏观（观察携带显性标记基因的平衡染色体果蝇[Balancer]表型，包括第一、第二、第三平衡染色体果蝇）水平染色体观察，了解染色体是代与代之间遗传信息传递的载体。通过追踪染色体上的表型，准确无误地区分携带不同基因型的后代，进而定位和追踪基因。涉及最常用的平衡染色体工具果蝇，以及如何利用染色体倒位从而抑制重组的知识点和原理。显微镜与体视解剖镜的使用。

实验三果蝇唾腺染色体制备及观察

提供详细的果蝇唾腺染色体制备演示视频，通过亲自解剖果蝇的唾腺组织，在载玻片上经过一系列的处理制备唾腺染色体，体验简便的唾腺染色体制备方法。实验材料可以选择黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster，也可以选择大果蝇Drosophila virilis。视频讲解和PPT都提供根据端部横纹特征准确无误识别2个物种的每条染色体的清晰图谱。

实验四黑腹果蝇雌雄鉴别与突变体观察

介绍黑腹果蝇在生物学上的分类地位及作为模式动物在遗传学及生物学研究中的地位、介绍识别雌雄及各种突变体的要点和突变体的重要性，观察代表性突变体的同时区别雌雄。

实验五黑腹果蝇伴性与非伴性、连锁与非连锁的遗传分析

只用一种基因型的母本和另外一种基因型的父本果蝇杂交，观察和计数分析子二代的果蝇表型和数量，就可以同时验证遗传学的几大定律：分离定律，自由组合，伴性遗传，连锁和交换。学生从挑选处女蝇与雄性果蝇杂交做起，首先获得子一代的雌雄个体，自交后再获得子二代的个体，前后历时4周。在此期间学生亲自保管自己的果蝇杂交瓶，观察果蝇从卵、幼虫、蛹到成虫的发育过程和各种行为，以日记的形式详细记录观察结果。我们将提供压缩视频，供大家详细观察果蝇从卵、幼虫、蛹到成虫的发育过程。

实验六玉米籽粒性状的遗传分析（基因互作验证）

通过计数子一代或者子二代玉米果穗上不同表型性状的玉米籽粒数量，推测可能的亲本基因型，涉及多种基因互作的比例。本基因互作的验证实验，作为经典遗传实验规律验证的一个补充。从数据分析的角度，是通过后代表型性状的比例反推亲本的基因型，而上一个果蝇杂交实验亲本的基因型是已知的。

实验七利用FLP/FRT 重组系统获得纯合突变克隆，Mosaic杂交实验

介绍基因功能研究策略的背景知识，以被誉为果蝇遗传学家瑞士军刀的Gal4-UAS系统原理和灵活多样的使用为基础，说明如何通过遗传策略实现目的基因的敲除（敲低）或过表达。转基因果蝇的构建流程和如何利用平衡染色体定位转基因发生在哪条染色体上；果蝇复眼和翅（作为基本问题研究的窗口）的特点介绍等。具体实验：利用简单高效的FLP/FRT 重组系统，通过遗传杂交获得纯合突变克隆，实现体内对纯合突变基因（包括致死基因）功能的研究。

实验八筛选特定表型或者信号通路相关基因实例

正向遗传学策略，以EMS诱变果蝇，筛选两类表型：1. 睡眠异常表型；2.根据翅的表型筛选与Notch、Hedgehog以及Wingless信号通路相关的基因。然后以平衡染色体为路标工具，确定突变的基因是什么。反向遗传学策略，针对携带P因子插入的基因品系，通过遗传杂交，获得该基因的突变体。进一步对突变体的功能进行研究：通过rescue实验确认基因突变与表型的特异性的对应关系；确定内源基因表达在哪里（原位杂交, 抗体染色等）；基因间的相互作用，上下游关系的确定；细胞（神经元）间的相互作用等。

前期实验结果

Good to know

Know what's good

, what to watch for

, and possible dealbreakers

The course belongs to a series of other courses, as this may indicate comprehensiveness and detail

Emphasizes the connection between research and the chosen topics

Provides a blend of theoretical knowledge and hands-on experiments

Utilizes a variety of media, including videos, readings, and discussions, to enhance learning experiences

Covers essential genetic analysis techniques, including genetic crosses and chromosome mapping

Reviews summary

Informative fly genetics course

This genetics course features fruit fly experiments and is led by an instructor with a supportive presence. Course materials are engaging with demos and videos, providing a comprehensive learning experience. One student noted a lack of immediate feedback on quizzes, suggesting an improvement opportunity.

Engaging experiments using fruit flies

"The experiments are engaging and the instructor's presence is supportive."

No immediate feedback on quizzes

"There's no answer or correction for each quiz. It's really hard to find out the pitfall of knowledge without immediate feedback."

Activities

Be better prepared before your course. Deepen your understanding during and after it. Supplement your coursework and achieve mastery of the topics covered in 遗传学实验 with these activities:

Join a genetics study group or discussion forum

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Enhance your understanding through collaborative learning by joining a genetics study group or discussion forum.

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Identify and join a study group or discussion forum
Participate in discussions, ask questions, and share your insights
Review and summarize key concepts with your peers

Review 'Introduction to Genetic Analysis' by Griffiths, Wessler, Lewontin, Carroll

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Strengthen your understanding of genetic principles through a thorough review of this foundational textbook.

View An Introduction to Genetic Analysis, Solutions... on Amazon

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Read assigned chapters and take notes on key concepts
Complete end-of-chapter questions to test your comprehension

Review the basics of experimental design in genetics

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Review the fundamental concepts of designing genetic experiments to enhance your understanding of the course material.

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Revisit principles of probability and statistics used in genetics
Review concepts of inheritance patterns and genetic variation
Practice applying these principles to design simple genetic experiments

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Practice solving genetic problems

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Reinforce your understanding of genetic principles by solving practice problems.

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Identify the relevant genetic principles involved in the problem
Apply appropriate statistical and probability methods to solve the problem
Interpret the results in the context of genetic inheritance

Compile a collection of genetic resources

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Enhance your knowledge and stay up-to-date by gathering a collection of valuable genetic resources.

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Identify relevant databases, websites, and research articles
Organize the resources by topic or category
Annotate the resources with brief descriptions and summaries

Develop a genetic experiment proposal

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Enhance your critical thinking and experimental design skills by developing a research proposal to investigate a genetic question.

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Identify a specific genetic question to investigate
Design a detailed experimental plan outlining the methods and analysis
Write a clear and concise proposal outlining the rationale, methods, and expected outcomes

Attend a genetics workshop or conference

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Expand your knowledge and network with experts by participating in genetics-related workshops or conferences.

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Research and identify relevant workshops or conferences
Register and attend the event
Take notes, ask questions, and engage with speakers and attendees

Begin a research project in genetics

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Immerse yourself in the research process by initiating a genetics research project.

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Identify a mentor or supervisor to guide your research
Conduct a literature review to identify a research gap
Develop a research hypothesis and design a study to test it
Collect and analyze data to support or refute your hypothesis
Present your findings at a conference or publish them in a scientific journal

Career center

Learners who complete 遗传学实验 will develop knowledge and skills that may be useful to these careers:

Geneticist

Geneticists study the inheritance of traits from parents to offspring. They may work in a variety of settings, including research institutions, hospitals, and industry. This course provides an introduction to important concepts in genetics as well as experimental techniques used in the field. It may be useful to those interested in a career as a geneticist.

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Research Scientist

Research scientists in genetics investigate the mechanisms of heredity and variation in living organisms. They may use genetic experiments to study gene expression, genetic inheritance, or the role of genes in disease. This course provides an introduction to basic genetic techniques such as fruit fly genetics, chromosome analysis, and genetic mapping, and may be useful to those interested in working as a research scientist.

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Bioinformatician

Bioinformaticians use computational tools to analyze genetic data. This course provides an introduction to the use of computers in the field of genetics and may be useful to those interested in pursuing a career in bioinformatics.

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Biostatistician

Biostatisticians apply statistical methods to biological data to solve problems in public health, medicine, and other fields. This course provides an introduction to the use of statistics in the field of genetics and may be useful to those interested in pursuing a career in biostatistics.

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Genetic Counselor

Genetic counselors help individuals and families understand genetic disorders and make informed decisions about their health. This course provides an overview of basic genetic principles and techniques, and may be useful to those interested in becoming a genetic counselor.

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Science Teacher

Science teachers educate students in the principles and methods of science. They may teach biology, chemistry, physics, or earth science at the secondary or post-secondary level. An understanding of basic genetic principles is important for any science teacher, and this course provides an introduction to the experiments and techniques used by geneticists.

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Forensic Scientist

Forensic scientists apply scientific methods to answer questions in legal investigations. This course provides an introduction to the use of DNA analysis in forensic science and may be useful to those interested in a career in forensic science.

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Science Writer

Science writers communicate complex scientific information to a general audience. This course provides an introduction to the field of genetics and may be useful to those interested in pursuing a career as a science writer.

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Science Editor

Science editors review and edit scientific manuscripts. This course provides an introduction to the field of genetics and may be useful to those interested in pursuing a career as a science editor.

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Patent Examiner

Patent examiners review patent applications to ensure that they meet the requirements for patentability. This course provides an introduction to the field of genetics and may be useful to those interested in pursuing a career as a patent examiner.

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Science Librarian

Science librarians assist patrons in finding and using scientific information. This course provides an introduction to the field of genetics and may be useful to those interested in pursuing a career as a science librarian.

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Science Communicator

Science communicators translate complex scientific information into accessible language for the public. This course provides an introduction to the field of genetics and may be useful to those interested in pursuing a career as a science communicator.

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Science Administrator

Science administrators manage the day-to-day operations of scientific organizations. This course provides an introduction to the field of genetics and may be useful to those interested in pursuing a career as a science administrator.

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Science Policy Analyst

Science policy analysts provide scientific advice to policymakers. This course provides an introduction to the field of genetics and may be useful to those interested in pursuing a career as a science policy analyst.

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Laboratory Manager

Laboratory managers lead teams of lab technicians and scientists in experimental and research work. Whether working in education or industry, the ability to design and lead genetic experiments is a useful skill for a laboratory manager to have. This course, an introduction to genetic experimentation, provides the fundamentals of experimental design and implementation, and the skills learned may be helpful to a laboratory manager.

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