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遗传学实验

本课程的实验设计贯穿以研究基因功能为目的遗传学思维理念及精髓。通过背景知识的介绍和相关的实验操作，使大家建立这样的理念：研究基因功能时，在分子水平通过敲除或者敲入的策略，使基因突变或者修饰，这些突变依赖载体染色体的传递，将稳定地传给下一代。通过设计精巧的遗传杂交实验，追踪易于识别的染色体标记，就可以定位目的基因、获得纯合突变体，研究表型与基因型间的对应关系，从而理解各种表型的分子机制。整个实验过程涉及生物学不同学科知识和实验设计的融合。

针对遗传学研究的这些关键点，本课程设计了一系列实验，主要以模式动物果蝇为窗口，通过遗传杂交实验，以遗传信息传递的载体染色体为线索，除验证遗传学基本定律外，还引入科研项目的理念和实验环节，以便让大家参与平时在课堂上接触不到的真实科研实践。每次实验包括背景原理、目的介绍、操作要点和相关的视频演示。让学生亲自保管和观察杂交果蝇培养瓶，写生活史观察日记也是本课程的特色之一。

学生，尤其是高年级本科生和进入国内外科研第一线的研究生，均反馈受益非浅。

参考教材为由张文霞主编，高等教育出版社出版的《遗传学实验指导》。此外相应的实验将提供参考文献。

MOOC实验课虽然无法亲自操作，但我们将提供丰富的图片和视频资料，使大家了解其过程。有实验条件的选课人员，可以依照讲解和演示，亲自操作。

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What's inside

Syllabus

实验一模式动物与遗传学

包括线虫、果蝇、斑马鱼的雌雄识别（遗传杂交前必备的技能）并了解其生活史（设计实验的同时，倒推实验材料的准备、遗传杂交的操作以及观察后代的各个时间节点必备知识）。

实验二染色体观察及果蝇平衡染色体

通过微观（观察不同物种染色体玻片标本）和宏观（观察携带显性标记基因的平衡染色体果蝇[Balancer]表型，包括第一、第二、第三平衡染色体果蝇）水平染色体观察，了解染色体是代与代之间遗传信息传递的载体。通过追踪染色体上的表型，准确无误地区分携带不同基因型的后代，进而定位和追踪基因。涉及最常用的平衡染色体工具果蝇，以及如何利用染色体倒位从而抑制重组的知识点和原理。显微镜与体视解剖镜的使用。

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what should give you pause

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The course belongs to a series of other courses, as this may indicate comprehensiveness and detail

Emphasizes the connection between research and the chosen topics

Provides a blend of theoretical knowledge and hands-on experiments

Utilizes a variety of media, including videos, readings, and discussions, to enhance learning experiences

Covers essential genetic analysis techniques, including genetic crosses and chromosome mapping

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Reviews summary

果蝇遗传学实验：理论与实践

根据学生的反馈，这门名为“遗传学实验”的课程深受好评，特别是对于有志于深入研究遗传学或相关生物领域的学生。课程的核心优势在于其独特的实验设计理念，它围绕研究基因功能展开，以模式动物果蝇为主体，将遗传学理论与实践紧密结合。许多学习者认为，尽管是在线课程，通过丰富的视频演示和辅助资料，课程有效地模拟了实际实验过程，帮助他们理解了复杂的遗传规律和研究方法。课程内容系统且深入，覆盖了从基础的果蝇雌雄鉴别、杂交分析到高级的基因功能研究策略，对高年级本科生和研究生尤其受益匪浅。少数评论提到在线形式的局限性，无法完全替代动手操作的体验，但总体而言，课程提供了扎实的理论基础和实验思维，是优秀的线上遗传学实验入门。

更适合有一定基础或高阶学生。

"我是生物专业高年级学生，感觉这门课的深度和广度非常适合我，很多内容与我在实验室的经历相印证。"

"课程部分内容对于初学者来说可能有点难度，特别是涉及到复杂的杂交设计和基因操作策略时，需要一些基础。"

"作为研究生，我觉得这门课对我的科研训练很有价值，尤其是后面关于筛选和构建突变体的内容，非常实用。"

"我觉得课程对目标受众定位很清晰，如果你是想了解最前沿的遗传学实验思维和方法，它非常值得学习，但如果是零基础可能需要额外努力。"

线上无法动手，但视频资料丰富。

"作为MOOC，最大的遗憾是不能亲自上手操作，看视频和自己动手的感觉还是很不一样的。"

"虽然视频演示很详细，但我总觉得如果能亲自解剖果蝇唾腺或者做一次杂交计数，理解会更深刻。"

"课程提供了很多图片和视频，这在一定程度上弥补了在线不能亲手操作的不足，我可以反复观看。"

"课程资料很全面，老师尽力通过线上方式模拟实验，但毕竟实验科学，动手是关键，希望未来有机会能有线下部分补充。"

独特的互动方式，加深印象。

"写果蝇生活史观察日记的方式很特别，虽然是模拟的，但通过记录让我对果蝇的发育周期和实验节点有了更深的印象。"

"我觉得生活史观察日记是课程的一个亮点，它促使我更仔细地去观察和思考实验过程中的每一个阶段。"

"这个日记环节挺有趣的，让我感觉更像是参与到了一个真实的实验中去，不仅仅是被动接受知识。"

"通过记录果蝇的发育，我对遗传实验的时间安排和周期性有了更直观的认识，这个设计很用心。"

将书本知识转化为实验理解。

"课程把课本上的遗传学定律通过具体的实验例子讲活了，我终于理解了分离定律、自由组合在实际中是如何验证的。"

"通过观察果蝇的各种突变体表型，我更好地理解了基因型和表型之间的对应关系，这比死记硬背强多了。"

"玉米籽粒的基因互作实验分析很有趣，让我看到了遗传学在植物上的应用，而且数据分析部分也很锻炼思维。"

"课程让我看到了遗传学理论是如何在实验室中一步步被证明和发展的，感觉理论和实践的结合做得非常好。"

贯穿研究基因功能的理念，启发科研思维。

"课程最棒的一点在于它不仅仅教操作，更重要的是贯穿了研究基因功能的遗传学思维，非常有启发性。"

"老师通过实验案例讲解如何设计遗传学研究，这对我未来的科研工作非常有帮助，感觉学到了精髓。"

"我学习了如何通过遗传杂交和标记追踪基因，理解了从表型反推基因型的思路，这是我在课本上没能完全领会的。"

"课程设计让我了解了一个完整的基因功能研究流程，而不仅仅是孤立的实验技术，这种视角很宝贵。"

核心实验围绕果蝇展开，系统性强。

"我非常喜欢课程使用果蝇作为主要模式动物，果蝇的遗传学工具非常丰富，学习起来很有代表性。"

"课程实验以果蝇为主线，从基础识别到高级基因操作，逻辑清晰，让我对果蝇遗传学有了全面的认识。"

"通过对果蝇的详细讲解和实验演示，我深刻理解了模式动物在遗传学研究中的重要性。"

"课程内容围绕果蝇设计得很好，实验的选择也很有代表性，是学习遗传学实验的好起点。"

Activities

Be better prepared before your course. Deepen your understanding during and after it. Supplement your coursework and achieve mastery of the topics covered in 遗传学实验 with these activities:

Join a genetics study group or discussion forum

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Enhance your understanding through collaborative learning by joining a genetics study group or discussion forum.

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Identify and join a study group or discussion forum
Participate in discussions, ask questions, and share your insights
Review and summarize key concepts with your peers

Review 'Introduction to Genetic Analysis' by Griffiths, Wessler, Lewontin, Carroll

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Strengthen your understanding of genetic principles through a thorough review of this foundational textbook.

View An Introduction to Genetic Analysis, Solutions... on Amazon

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Read assigned chapters and take notes on key concepts
Complete end-of-chapter questions to test your comprehension

Review the basics of experimental design in genetics

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Review the fundamental concepts of designing genetic experiments to enhance your understanding of the course material.

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Revisit principles of probability and statistics used in genetics
Review concepts of inheritance patterns and genetic variation
Practice applying these principles to design simple genetic experiments

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Practice solving genetic problems

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Reinforce your understanding of genetic principles by solving practice problems.

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Identify the relevant genetic principles involved in the problem
Apply appropriate statistical and probability methods to solve the problem
Interpret the results in the context of genetic inheritance

Compile a collection of genetic resources

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Enhance your knowledge and stay up-to-date by gathering a collection of valuable genetic resources.

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Identify relevant databases, websites, and research articles
Organize the resources by topic or category
Annotate the resources with brief descriptions and summaries

Develop a genetic experiment proposal

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Enhance your critical thinking and experimental design skills by developing a research proposal to investigate a genetic question.

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Identify a specific genetic question to investigate
Design a detailed experimental plan outlining the methods and analysis
Write a clear and concise proposal outlining the rationale, methods, and expected outcomes

Attend a genetics workshop or conference

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Expand your knowledge and network with experts by participating in genetics-related workshops or conferences.

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Research and identify relevant workshops or conferences
Register and attend the event
Take notes, ask questions, and engage with speakers and attendees

Begin a research project in genetics

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Immerse yourself in the research process by initiating a genetics research project.

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Identify a mentor or supervisor to guide your research
Conduct a literature review to identify a research gap
Develop a research hypothesis and design a study to test it
Collect and analyze data to support or refute your hypothesis
Present your findings at a conference or publish them in a scientific journal

Career center

Learners who complete 遗传学实验 will develop knowledge and skills that may be useful to these careers:

Geneticist

Geneticists study the inheritance of traits from parents to offspring. They may work in a variety of settings, including research institutions, hospitals, and industry. This course provides an introduction to important concepts in genetics as well as experimental techniques used in the field. It may be useful to those interested in a career as a geneticist.

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Research Scientist

Research scientists in genetics investigate the mechanisms of heredity and variation in living organisms. They may use genetic experiments to study gene expression, genetic inheritance, or the role of genes in disease. This course provides an introduction to basic genetic techniques such as fruit fly genetics, chromosome analysis, and genetic mapping, and may be useful to those interested in working as a research scientist.

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Biostatistician

Biostatisticians apply statistical methods to biological data to solve problems in public health, medicine, and other fields. This course provides an introduction to the use of statistics in the field of genetics and may be useful to those interested in pursuing a career in biostatistics.

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Bioinformatician

Bioinformaticians use computational tools to analyze genetic data. This course provides an introduction to the use of computers in the field of genetics and may be useful to those interested in pursuing a career in bioinformatics.

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Science Teacher

Science teachers educate students in the principles and methods of science. They may teach biology, chemistry, physics, or earth science at the secondary or post-secondary level. An understanding of basic genetic principles is important for any science teacher, and this course provides an introduction to the experiments and techniques used by geneticists.

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Genetic Counselor

Genetic counselors help individuals and families understand genetic disorders and make informed decisions about their health. This course provides an overview of basic genetic principles and techniques, and may be useful to those interested in becoming a genetic counselor.

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Forensic Scientist

Forensic scientists apply scientific methods to answer questions in legal investigations. This course provides an introduction to the use of DNA analysis in forensic science and may be useful to those interested in a career in forensic science.

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Science Writer

Science writers communicate complex scientific information to a general audience. This course provides an introduction to the field of genetics and may be useful to those interested in pursuing a career as a science writer.

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Patent Examiner

Patent examiners review patent applications to ensure that they meet the requirements for patentability. This course provides an introduction to the field of genetics and may be useful to those interested in pursuing a career as a patent examiner.

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Science Editor

Science editors review and edit scientific manuscripts. This course provides an introduction to the field of genetics and may be useful to those interested in pursuing a career as a science editor.

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Science Communicator

Science communicators translate complex scientific information into accessible language for the public. This course provides an introduction to the field of genetics and may be useful to those interested in pursuing a career as a science communicator.

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Science Librarian

Science librarians assist patrons in finding and using scientific information. This course provides an introduction to the field of genetics and may be useful to those interested in pursuing a career as a science librarian.

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Science Policy Analyst

Science policy analysts provide scientific advice to policymakers. This course provides an introduction to the field of genetics and may be useful to those interested in pursuing a career as a science policy analyst.

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Science Administrator

Science administrators manage the day-to-day operations of scientific organizations. This course provides an introduction to the field of genetics and may be useful to those interested in pursuing a career as a science administrator.

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Laboratory Manager

Laboratory managers lead teams of lab technicians and scientists in experimental and research work. Whether working in education or industry, the ability to design and lead genetic experiments is a useful skill for a laboratory manager to have. This course, an introduction to genetic experimentation, provides the fundamentals of experimental design and implementation, and the skills learned may be helpful to a laboratory manager.

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Reading list

We've selected nine books that we think will supplement your learning. Use these to develop background knowledge, enrich your coursework, and gain a deeper understanding of the topics covered in 遗传学实验.

Introduction to Genetic Analysis (Loose-Leaf)

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Provides a comprehensive overview of genetics from a genomics perspective. It valuable resource for students and researchers in the field of genetics.

(English) Loose-leaf Version for Introduction to Genetic...

Loose Leaf

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