人体生理学导论（中文版） from Coursera

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从这里开始！

稳态和内分泌系统

我们通过概述基本概念来开始对人体的学习，这些基本概念是细胞和器官，以及它们作为整体来维持生命的功能的基础。这是关于生理学家如何观察人体的重要介绍。随着逐步介绍器官系统并探讨它们对日常功能和疾病中发生的扰动会做出什么样的反应，我们将再次回顾这些基本概念。

神经系统

在此模块中，我们将探讨神经系统，从各个细胞（神经元）如何发挥功能开始，然后探讨它们如何作为综合系统互相作用。神经系统提供遍及全身的快速通讯，从而协调数万亿细胞的动作。它会对身体的内部变化以及我们的外部环境变化做出反应。

感觉和躯体神经系统

在此模块中，我们探讨两种类型的细胞：一种将信息转送到中枢神经系统（大脑）以进行解读，第二种从中枢神经系统转送信息来控制随意运动，它们是运动神经元。通向大脑的输入通路由叫做感觉细胞的特定细胞来介导。感觉细胞将能量（如光或热）转化为大脑中的神经元可识别的能量形式（电位）。接下来，大脑解读这些信息（解读为视觉和痛觉），然后通过躯体神经系统的运动神经元将运动反应发送至身体的效应细胞。运动神经元激活骨骼肌来控制呼吸和四肢的运动。

肌肉

在此模块中，我们探讨控制随意和非随意运动的身体效应器。这些效应器是叫做肌肉的专门细胞，它们能够产生力（张力）。肌肉细胞分为三类：骨骼肌、平滑肌和心肌。尽管所有三类都会产生张力，但每种专用于给定功能。骨骼肌控制四肢的随意运动，对于呼吸时肺的扩张至关重要。平滑肌和心肌是可收缩的细胞，分别位于血管壁和心脏中。当我们探讨呼吸和心血管系统时，我们将回顾支配这些细胞类型的基本原理。

心血管系统

此模块探讨循环系统及其在输送氧气和营养成分到特定器官中所扮演的角色。我们开始先讨论让心脏能够产生压力梯度的电和机械功能。此压力梯度推动血液通过一系列密闭血管单向流动。在对脉管系统的讨论中，我们将探讨其在输送气体、溶质和养分中所起到的作用，尤其是哪些因素控制它们在组织层次的输送。在最后一课中，我们将探讨整个反射环路（大脑、心脏和血管）、其控制，以及其对日常需求（休息和运动）的反应及病理如何影响这些反应。

呼吸系统

此模块介绍呼吸系统。在这些课中，我们将探讨如何将空气吸入肺中、通气中气道阻力、氧气和二氧化碳在肺和组织间的输送，以及呼吸调节等课题。视频中提供了几个肺功能演示！

内分泌系统

在此模块中，我们将回顾内分泌系统及其在维持稳态中所扮演的角色。我们将特别探讨下丘脑-垂体轴，其整合来自神经系统和血液的信号以调节多数稳态功能，包括生长、离子平衡、液体平衡、应激反应和能量使用。第一课概述下丘脑-垂体轴及其在调节身体生长中的作用。接下来的课中我们将探讨此复杂的负反馈环路如何控制身体的能量使用及其应激反应。之后在第 3 课，我们将回顾内分泌胰腺用于在进食和禁食状态下调节新陈代谢的简单反射环路，以及此系统的故障（糖尿病）。

生殖系统

此模块继续讨论内分泌系统及其稳态控制。在这一系列视频中，我们将探讨内分泌系统如何调节女性和男性体内配子（分别是卵子和精子）的产生，以及性激素的产生。

消化系统

在此模块中，我们将探讨消化道的内部运作。我们重点讨论胃肠道特定区域的功能，复杂食物在这些区域中被处理为身体可吸收以用作能源物质的溶质和养分。此“加工厂”以从嘴到肛门的单向方式工作，需要胃酸、酶、碱和液体协调分泌来正常运作。对胃肠 (GI) 道及其附属器官（唾液腺、肝脏和胰腺）来说不平常的是，它们无需来自大脑的意识输入即可及时协调运作。取而代之，消化道通过局部产生化学物质（激素和旁分泌）以及肠道神经系统（自主神经系统的组成部分）的协调运作来整合其多样化的动作。在此模块的最后一课中，我们将介绍消化道的正常能动性，以及导致胃肠不适（如呕吐和腹泻）的扰动。

泌尿系统

欢迎来到最后一个模块，本课程涵盖的最后一个器官系统！在此模块中，我们将关注泌尿系统，特别是肾脏的血液过滤功能。肾脏是一个复杂的器官，它与心血管系统合作来维持血压，并与呼吸系统合作来维持酸碱平衡。随着我们对此模块的学习深入，我们将探讨肾脏用于调节身体水含量和电解质含量的机制。我们将重点介绍正常肾脏的作用，但也会涉及疾病和药物导致的稳态变化。此模块的最后一课介绍肾脏在调节酸碱平衡中的作用，以及其与呼吸系统的相互作用。

Good to know

Know what's good

, what to watch for

, and possible dealbreakers

旨在帮助学生了解人体各个系统如何协同工作，为整体机能做出贡献。

提供有关人体九个主要器官系统的信息，包括稳态、神经系统、肌肉和内分泌系统。

涵盖广泛的主题，从基本细胞功能到生理系统在日常功能和疾病中的作用。

由经验丰富的讲师授课，Jennifer Carbrey 和 Emma Jakoi 在生理学领域拥有丰富的知识。

采用多模式教学方法，包括视频、讨论和互动材料。

需要学生具备基本生物学知识和对人体生理学感兴趣。

Reviews summary

Unlocalized physiology

This course did not meet learners' expectations and many learners were disappointed that aspects were not localized. Many videos are still in English, and learners found that the translation of terms was not accurate for their educational needs. The course uses English-language exam questions to test learning, which some learners may not be prepared for. These observations were confirmed by reviews from multiple learners.

Inaccurate translation

"很多中文翻译词不达意"

Exams not localized

"考题应该用英文"

Incomplete translation

"汉化完成不到一半"

Videos without subtitles

"多数视频无中文字幕"

Activities

Be better prepared before your course. Deepen your understanding during and after it. Supplement your coursework and achieve mastery of the topics covered in 人体生理学导论（中文版） with these activities:

整理课程笔记、小测验和练习题

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整理课程笔记、小测验和练习题可以作为复习课程材料的有用资源。

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定期回顾上课笔记并添加任何附加信息
收集完成的小测验和练习题，以便以后复习
考虑使用数字工具来整理和组织你的材料

为医学教育项目贡献内容

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为医学教育项目贡献内容可以让你应用你的知识并加深对课程主题的理解。

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寻找可让你撰写文章、创建多媒体材料或开发课程内容的医学教育项目
联系项目负责人并提出你的贡献意向
遵循项目指南，并根据反馈进行修改

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Career center

Learners who complete 人体生理学导论（中文版） will develop knowledge and skills that may be useful to these careers:

Medical Scientist

A Medical Scientist conducts research to improve human health. You would investigate the causes and treatments of diseases, develop new drugs and therapies, and work to improve patient care. The course will provide you with a strong foundation in human physiology, which will be essential for understanding the complex processes that occur in the human body.

See salaries and explore the career path for Medical Scientist

Physical Therapist

A Physical Therapist helps people restore movement and function after an injury or illness. You would use a variety of techniques to improve a patient's range of motion, strength, and balance. The course's focus on the human body's structure and function will help you better understand how movement occurs and how to help patients regain it.

See salaries and explore the career path for Physical Therapist

Physician

A Physician diagnoses and treats illnesses and injuries. You would conduct physical exams, prescribe medications, and perform surgery. The course's focus on human physiology will help you understand how the body works in normal and diseased states, which is essential for making accurate diagnoses and providing effective treatment.

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Pharmaceutical Scientist

A Pharmaceutical Scientist develops and tests new drugs and therapies. You would work in a laboratory setting to research the effects of new drugs on the human body. The course's focus on the human body's response to medications will help you understand how drugs work and how to develop new drugs that are safe and effective.

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Respiratory Therapist

A Respiratory Therapist helps patients with breathing problems. You would provide treatments such as oxygen therapy, chest physiotherapy, and mechanical ventilation. The course's focus on the human respiratory system will give you the background you need to understand how the lungs function and how to treat respiratory conditions.

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Biomedical Engineer

A Biomedical Engineer designs and develops medical devices and technologies. You would work with doctors and scientists to create new ways to diagnose and treat diseases. The course's emphasis on the human body's structure and function will help you understand the needs of patients and how to design devices that meet those needs.

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Physician Assistant

A Physician Assistant provides medical care to patients under the supervision of a physician. You would perform physical exams, diagnose and treat illnesses, and assist with surgery. The course will help you build a foundation in human physiology, which is essential for understanding how the human body works and how to treat it when it doesn't.

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Biophysicist

A Biophysicist uses the principles of physics to study biological systems. You would investigate the structure and function of proteins, cells, and tissues. The course's focus on the human body's structure and function will help you understand how biophysical principles apply to the human body.

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Pharmacist

A Pharmacist dispenses medications to patients and provides information about their use. You would also work with physicians and other healthcare professionals to ensure that patients are taking their medications correctly and safely. The course will give you a strong understanding of human physiology which can help you understand drug interactions and how medications affect the body.

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Occupational Therapist

An Occupational Therapist helps individuals who have physical, developmental, or cognitive disabilities to participate in everyday activities. You would use a variety of techniques to help patients improve their motor skills, cognitive abilities, and overall well-being. The course will teach you the basics of human physiology, which you can use to understand how different disabilities affect the body and how to develop effective treatment plans.

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Registered Nurse

A Registered Nurse provides care to patients in a variety of settings, including hospitals, clinics, and long-term care facilities. You would assess patients' health, administer medications, and provide wound care. The course will help you build a foundation in human physiology, which will be helpful in understanding how the body works and how to care for patients.

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Nutritionist

A Nutritionist helps people improve their health by providing personalized nutrition plans. You would assess a client's diet, identify areas for improvement, and make recommendations for healthy eating. The course will give you a solid understanding of human physiology, including how the body metabolizes nutrients and how different foods affect the body.

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Exercise Physiologist

Exercise Physiologists help people improve their health through physical activity and exercise. You would assess a client's health, design personalized exercise programs, and monitor their progress. The course's focus on the human physiology of movement can help you implement fitness programs that are safe and effective.

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Clinical Physiologist

A Clinical Physiologist studies the function of the human body during health and disease, both at rest and during exercise. You would use specialized techniques such as electrocardiograms and blood tests to monitor the body's response to medication and therapies. The course's emphasis on human physiology will help you understand how the body works in normal and stressed conditions, which is valuable to this role.

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Healthcare Administrator

A Healthcare Administrator manages the day-to-day operations of a healthcare facility. You would oversee staff, develop budgets, and ensure that patients receive quality care. The course's focus on human physiology may be helpful in understanding the needs of patients and how to provide efficient and effective care.

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