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Make better investment decisions by becoming a master at one of the most versatile and core finance fundamentals concepts - Stock Valuation, using Multiples.

Design and build your own robust valuation system from scratch, using financial modeling techniques that are rigorously grounded in the academic and practitioner literature. Then replicate your system on any stock going forward, anytime, anywhere.

Learn how to extract, compile, and compare real financial statements while pushing the boundaries on what’s possible with financial modeling on Excel® and Google Sheets.

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Make better investment decisions by becoming a master at one of the most versatile and core finance fundamentals concepts - Stock Valuation, using Multiples.

Design and build your own robust valuation system from scratch, using financial modeling techniques that are rigorously grounded in the academic and practitioner literature. Then replicate your system on any stock going forward, anytime, anywhere.

Learn how to extract, compile, and compare real financial statements while pushing the boundaries on what’s possible with financial modeling on Excel® and Google Sheets.

Explore why even credible sources can give you different information about the same thing. And what you can do to make sure you have the ‘right’ estimates for your stock valuation, so you can make robust investment decisions backed by solid finance fundamentals.

Discover how to find the most appropriate "comparable" firm by learning how to ‘match’ firms on size, profitability, competitive advantage, cashflow management, and more. This is the "make or break" factor in financial modeling of stock valuation using Multiples.

Don’t just use Multiples that are out there – learn how to create your own. From scratch.

There’s no prior knowledge required. We’ll start you from the very basics, and build you to a PRO at Stock Valuation using Multiples thanks to:

Introduction & The Fundamentals

  • Explore what valuation is (and what it isn’t).

  • Understand Multiples Valuation and what its single core underlying assumption is (this assumption also underlies most if not all finance fundamentals).

  • Build your Accounting Fundamentals – you’ll need it for when you work with real world financial statements, extensively applying financial modeling techniques in hands on walkthroughs that follow.

Identifying Our Target and Pool of Comparable Firms

  • Choose any company you want. Or work with us on our randomly chosen S&P500 firm (which eliminates any bias from us).

  • Start the financial modeling by explore how to identify a pool of comparable firms for your target firm.

  • See where - and how - to download financial statements from credible sources including the SEC, for free.

  • Learn how to compile financial statements from scratch and make them easily comparable and replicable financial modeling activities.

Identifying a core comparable firm

  • Remove the subjectivity and guesswork from choosing a great comparable correctly. Apply robust finance fundamentals and financial modeling techniques to your stock valuation methodology, consistently.

  • Match firms on industry, subindustry, size, liquidity, profitability, competitive advantage, and cashflow management.

  • See precisely why a firm makes a great comparable.

  • This aspect of financial modeling really is the "make or break factor" for any investment valuation done via Multiples.

Explore core Stock Valuation Multiples

  • Master the core valuation Multiples most commonly used for stock valuation.

  • Understand what the P/e, P/s, MTB, and P/OCF Multiples are, and what their underlying assumptions are (even if you don't know anything about any of them).

  • Gain a solid understanding of how each Multiple works - and why it works the way it does.

  • Discover what it takes to create your own stock valuation Multiples. From scratch. Done right, this would mean your financial modeling approach is truly unique.

Value stocks using Multiples

  • Apply the key valuation Multiples to value the target firm using all the core finance fundamentals and financial modeling techniques you've built up from scratch.

  • See first hand what constitutes a 'reasonable' estimate, and what doesn't.

  • Explore Multiples that you can obtain from third party sources - with the caveats you want to bear in mind.

  • Learn whether and when you should buy vs sell your target stock.

We're proud of our students - whose finance fundamentals are second to none.

Here's how we'll help you master stock valuation and turn you into a PRO at financial modeling:

A Solid Foundation

You’ll gain a solid foundation of the core finance fundamentals that drive the entire stock valuation process. These fundamentals are the essence of getting a good valuation estimate, for any firm - anywhere in the world.

Complete Walkthroughs

We start from a blank spreadsheet. And build it up to a rigorous, robust, and reusable template that you can adopt and modify for your own financial modeling and valuations. You'll never feel overwhelmed, because you'll know each spreadsheet inside out.

Loads of Practice Questions

Apply what you learn immediately with 100+ practice questions, all with impeccably detailed solutions. Your finance fundamentals and financial modeling skills will be stronger than ever, seriously.

Cheat Sheets & Resources

One page cheat sheets and workable Excel® & Google Sheet spreadsheets – all included.

Push the boundaries. Take your Excel® and Google Sheets skills to the next level.

Together, we'll push the boundaries on what's possible with Excel® and Google Sheets.

You'll work with some of the most advanced and complex functions Excel® and Google Sheets have to offer. And this will help you work faster, while reducing the likelihood of errors.

Perhaps most importantly - it will help you future proof and automate your successive stock valuation and financial modeling exercises. Allowing you to identify potentially lucrative investment opportunities faster, with confidence that your methodologies are backed by rock solid finance fundamentals.

Say goodbye to information overload.

Engage with carefully thought out, clutter-free, and engaging study materials that focus on the 20% finance fundamentals that drive 80% of the great financial modeling results.

Easily follow through complex stock valuation concepts with great visuals that don’t overdo it.

Explore byte-sized lectures that don’t cut corners – so you receive the right amount of information which will hold you in good stead wherever you go, whatever you move on to do.

Watch your confidence grow.

Apply what you learn immediately in example question walkthroughs and progressively challenging quizzes with impeccably detailed solutions.

Engage with over 100 questions ranging from simple true and false ones to more complex problems that take you outside your comfort zone.

Questions are relevant for Ivy League / Russell Group University students studying any core Finance Fundamentals / Financial Analysis course, as well as professionals studying for the

All questions designed in-house, by Russell Group Distinction Tutors.

To top it all, you can work with us in conducting your own stock valuation - thanks to our hands on walkthroughs, where we show you exactly what to do and how to conduct great financial modeling... One step at a time. One cell at a time. One spreadsheet at a time.

Gaining a solid command over core finance fundamentals has never been easier.

Explore what to do when things don't go according to plan.

We've intentionally included 'hiccups' and troubleshooting in the videos, so you gain a genuine and authentic view of the kind of issues you'll encounter when conducting your own stock valuation exercises.

We're proud of our students, and inspired by these stories - we decided to share them (unedited) with you...

"I have had a great experience with Fervent tutor as I was taught more of the content and less memorizing. I think their timings and their work is professional as the tutor seeks the most efficient and productive way to help the student. I studied accounting with the tutor and it contributed greatly to my knowledge for the exam."

- Abdulaziz, BA (Hons), International Management

"Fervent goes above and beyond the call of duty. First, they help you get the basics right and then assist you until you get a firm grip of your module. Fervent provides an extremely professional and patient environment. Doesn’t matter how many questions you have or silly you think they are, they encourage all of it. I never would have passed my module rather score a merit in it if it wouldn’t have been for Fervent."

- Shambhavi, MSc, Accounting and Finance

Fervent provides an exceptional service, the whole process from start to finish was very hands on and supportive – during my final year I needed tuition for a governance paper, essentially I was hoping they would do all the work for me but in the long run I got so much more than I bargained for ….they changed my entire thought process and maintained a complete professional reserve. Working with me every step of the way, I was encouraged to think critically in achieving my objective and inspired to dig deep. As a result I produced a 2000 word essay (which I had them proof read as well) worthy of a distinction. Thank you for all the help and most importantly thank you for believing in me.

- Sean, MSc, Accounting and Finance

Throughout the period of doing my Master’s dissertation, I felt agonised from not only researching my specific topic but also writing clearly with no any grammatical errors. Fortunately, I found Fervent which offers efficient and comprehensive services. At first, I just expected my dissertation to be improved in terms of grammar; however, Fervent provided me much more than that. All essential aspects such as formatting, structure, logic, consistency of analysis and critique, strength of arguments are also checked and corrected. One thing that I’ve been very grateful is related to my topic details. In addition to pointing out some big mistakes and recommending more accurate and professional alternative solutions, Fervent gave me many more interesting and valuable ideas which helped to develop my content to have stronger arguments and more critical analysis. My tutor’s suggestions helped me become more analytical in my thought process and in producing a better research paper; my critical thinking skills also saw a considerable improvement. Without Fervent’ support, I don’t believe I could have been awarded an excellent grade for this dissertation. Thank you so much for invaluable help over my hard time.

- Duang MSc, Financial Analysis and Fund Management (with CFA®)

Undoubtedly the gains that I have acquired from the studying with Fervent are plentiful and significantly make me different from what I used to be in terms of my expanded knowledge base, improved English skills (e.g. English-writing), as well as being more confident communicating with English speakers and with the improved ability to think differently and critically for dealing with various types of course works in my study in the university more readily.

My tutor is specialized not only in the teaching of Accounting and Finance but also very familiar with the relevant knowledge in the subjects such as Marketing and Management. This is why I trust this person at an initial point along with his kind, friendly and very patient characteristics (e.g. I’m always encouraged by my tutor during the session with him, often to hear: if you really want it and then you can do it and will make it with no doubts).

“Skilled worker ushers in the gate, leads a pious life depending on individual.” This is a Chinese old saying which I can still remember vividly because it was what my tutor had told me in my  with him and made me believe an excellent learning outcome and a constructive learning process requires the hardworking from both of us. The record shows we did it. This is another reason I like Fervent as in the session with my tutor you see his hardworking as for the preparation for each session and in making the sessions distinctive from cliché-ridden teaching-and-listening classes by exploring the best way and the most suitable set of teaching methods to provide the student with the best value for money.

Jiajian BA (Hons), Business and Management

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What's inside

Learning objectives

  • Discover how to value stocks using multiples based valuation techniques using real world data obtained for free from credible sources.
  • Design and build your own stock valuation system from scratch, and replicate the system on any stock, anywhere, anytime.
  • Learn how to 'match' firms on industry, subindustry, size, liquidity, profitability, competitive advantage, and cashflow management.
  • Gain a comprehensive, hands on understanding of how to extract, compile, and compare financial statements using powerful functions on excel / google sheets.
  • Explore the benefits and limitations of each multiple, including the p/e, p/s, mtb, and p/ocf. even if you don't know anything about any of them.
  • Understand what each multiple means and why it works the way it does, including its underlying assumptions.
  • Create your own multiples from scratch to give yourself a genuine competitive advantage.
  • Show more
  • Show less

Syllabus

Before You Start...
Welcome to the Course. Here's What You're Going To Master.
Disclaimer
Course FAQs
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Important: Course Pointers
Explore the fundamentals of Valuation and specifically, the intuition behind Multiples Valuation. Build a foundation in Accounting to help you work with real financial statements later in the course.

Explore what valuation is. And what it isn't!

Introduction to Valuation [Quiz]
Introduction to Multiples Based Valuation
Introduction to Multiples Based Valuation [Quiz]
What is Shorting?
What is Shorting? [Quiz]

Explore the core fundamentals of Accounting - the 20% you need to know to value stocks. And do it right.

Accounting Fundamentals I - The Core Concept [Quiz]

Take a closer look into the 3 primary statements, what they look like, and something that makes Accounting truly special.

Accounting Fundamentals II - Exploring Financial Statements [Quiz]
Additional Resources
Identifying Our Target and Pool of Comparable Firms

To mitigate any bias from the instructor (e.g., opinion(s) on a given stock), we choose a target firm at random, from the S&P500 pool of firms.

Identifying a Pool of Comparable Firms

Learn and explore credible sources including the SEC, and see how you can extract financial statements of companies you want to value.

Learn how to make financial statements easily comparable by compiling multiple firm's statements in this step-by-step walkthrough.

Explore the final spreadsheet with all firms' financial statements compiled.

Extracting and Compiling Financial Statements [Assignment]
Identifying our Core Comparable Firm

Explore how to match firms on size and liquidity, while building an automated system that you can replicate for any firm.

Match firms further- this time, on profitability, competitive advantage, and cashflow management.

Identifying our core comparable firm
Identifying a Core Comparable [Assignment]
Exploring Key Valuation Multiples

Explore one of the most popular investor ratios and the core assumptions behind it.

Price-to-Earnings (P/e) [Quiz]
Price-to-Sales (P/s)
Price-to-Sales (P/s) [Quiz]
Market-to-Book (MTB)
Market-to-Book (MTB) [Quiz]
Price-to-OperatingCashflow (P/OCF)
Price-to-OperatingCashflow (P/OCF) [Quiz]
Creating Your Own Multiples
Creating Your Own Multiples [Quiz]
Valuing Stocks Using Multiples
Valuing our target firm using source data
Valuing our target firm using source data (and designing our own Multiple)
Valuing our target firm using third party Multiples
Valuing our target firm using the pool of comparables
Comparing our estimates with the market price
BONUS: Continue Your Journey On Mastering Finance
Interesting Questions Asked (IQAs)
What would you like to learn next?

Good to know

Know what's good
, what to watch for
, and possible dealbreakers
Develops a robust valuation system from scratch, which is a core skill for financial analysts and portfolio managers
Teaches how to extract and compile financial statements from credible sources like the SEC, which is essential for accurate stock valuation
Explores the P/E, P/S, MTB, and P/OCF multiples, providing a solid understanding of commonly used valuation metrics
Requires learners to have access to Excel or Google Sheets, which may require a subscription for some learners
Teaches financial modeling techniques using Excel and Google Sheets, which helps learners automate their stock valuation exercises
Explores how to create custom multiples, which can give learners a unique competitive advantage in stock valuation

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Activities

Be better prepared before your course. Deepen your understanding during and after it. Supplement your coursework and achieve mastery of the topics covered in Build a Robust Stock Valuation System - Financial Modeling with these activities:
Review Accounting Fundamentals
Solidify your understanding of accounting principles to better interpret financial statements used in stock valuation.
Browse courses on Accounting Fundamentals
Show steps
  • Review the basic accounting equation (Assets = Liabilities + Equity).
  • Practice identifying assets, liabilities, and equity in sample balance sheets.
  • Review the income statement and cash flow statement formats.
Read 'The Interpretation of Financial Statements' by Benjamin Graham
Gain a deeper understanding of financial statement analysis, a critical skill for effective stock valuation.
Show steps
  • Obtain a copy of 'The Interpretation of Financial Statements'.
  • Read the book, focusing on chapters related to balance sheet and income statement analysis.
  • Take notes on key concepts and examples provided by Graham.
Calculate Key Ratios for Sample Companies
Reinforce your understanding of financial ratios by calculating them for different companies.
Show steps
  • Select three publicly traded companies from different industries.
  • Download their latest annual reports from the SEC website (EDGAR).
  • Calculate key ratios such as P/E, P/S, and MTB using the financial data.
  • Compare the ratios across the three companies and analyze the differences.
Four other activities
Expand to see all activities and additional details
Show all seven activities
Write a Blog Post on Multiples Valuation
Solidify your understanding of multiples valuation by explaining the concept in a blog post.
Show steps
  • Research different types of valuation multiples (P/E, P/S, etc.).
  • Outline the structure of your blog post, including an introduction, body, and conclusion.
  • Write the blog post, explaining the advantages and disadvantages of using multiples valuation.
  • Include real-world examples to illustrate your points.
  • Proofread and edit your blog post before publishing it.
Build a Stock Valuation Model for a Specific Company
Apply your knowledge by building a comprehensive stock valuation model for a company of your choice.
Show steps
  • Choose a publicly traded company to analyze.
  • Gather the company's financial statements from the past 5-10 years.
  • Build a financial model in Excel or Google Sheets to project future financial performance.
  • Use multiples valuation techniques to estimate the company's intrinsic value.
  • Compare your valuation to the current market price and analyze any discrepancies.
Read 'Security Analysis' by Benjamin Graham and David Dodd
Deepen your understanding of security analysis and valuation techniques, providing a solid foundation for informed investment decisions.
Show steps
  • Obtain a copy of 'Security Analysis'.
  • Focus on sections related to financial statement analysis and valuation.
  • Take detailed notes and reflect on how the concepts apply to modern stock valuation.
Tutor other students in financial modeling
Reinforce your understanding of financial modeling by teaching the concepts to others.
Show steps
  • Offer to tutor classmates or other students struggling with financial modeling concepts.
  • Prepare lesson plans and practice problems to help them understand the material.
  • Provide constructive feedback and answer their questions.

Career center

Learners who complete Build a Robust Stock Valuation System - Financial Modeling will develop knowledge and skills that may be useful to these careers:
Investment Analyst
An Investment Analyst evaluates investment opportunities, and this course directly supports that function through its focus on building a robust stock valuation system. This career involves analyzing financial data, assessing company performance, and making recommendations on buying or selling securities. The course helps an Investment Analyst understand how to extract, compile, and compare financial statements, a critical skill in accurately determining a stock's value. By learning to identify comparable firms and create their own multiples, an analyst can make more informed investment decisions. This course provides a rigorous foundation in financial modeling techniques necessary for successful stock valuation, using both Excel and Google Sheets, as typically done in this role.
Financial Analyst
A Financial Analyst provides guidance to businesses and individuals around investment decisions. This course directly applies to the work of a Financial Analyst by teaching the core concepts of stock valuation using multiples. The course helps a Financial Analyst build a system to analyze financial statements, identify comparable firms, and create custom valuation multiples. This is the bedrock of a Financial Analyst's work, and this course emphasizes hands-on practice building valuation models. By learning to push the boundaries of Excel and Google Sheets, analysts can automate their processes and make better informed decisions, as the course teaches how to extract and compile financial statements from credible sources, a pivotal part of a financial analyst's day to day tasks.
Portfolio Manager
A Portfolio Manager makes investment decisions, and this course directly prepares one for this role by focusing on building a robust stock valuation system. This career requires an understanding of financial modeling and the ability to analyze financial statements. This course helps a Portfolio Manager to evaluate stocks through hands-on work in compiling financial statements and identifying comparable firms. The course's emphasis on creating custom valuation multiples and understanding the assumptions behind core multiples directly aids in the decision-making process in portfolio management. This course also stresses the importance of using credible sources for data and that the right method of extracting data matters, which is crucial for this role.
Equity Research Analyst
An Equity Research Analyst examines investment opportunities for stocks, and this course provides critical skills for this career through its focus on building a stock valuation system using multiples. The course teaches how to extract and compile financial statements, identify comparable firms, and create custom valuation multiples, all of which are vital for detailed stock analysis. An Equity Research Analyst needs to build rigorous financial models, which are the focus of this course taught utilizing real world examples, using Excel and Google Sheets as the course does. The focus on identifying the correct comparable firms in this course will make an Equity Research Analyst more effective in their role.
Hedge Fund Analyst
A Hedge Fund Analyst is responsible for researching and analyzing investment opportunities for a hedge fund, and this course provides the tools needed for success in this role by building a robust stock valuation system. The course focuses on the core finance fundamentals required to value stocks by extracting, compiling, and comparing financial statements. Moreover, the course teaches how to identify comparable firms, a critical skill for this role. The Hedge Fund Analyst will also benefit from the course's focus on creating custom valuation multiples and understanding the assumptions behind core multiples, leading to more informed and strategic investment choices. The financial modeling techniques taught in this course are pivotal for this career.
Financial Consultant
A Financial Consultant advises clients on financial planning and investment strategies, and this course is useful for such a role because it provides essential skills in stock valuation. The course teaches how to extract, compile, and compare financial statements, a key task for making informed recommendations. A Financial Consultant benefits from the course's focus on identifying comparable firms and creating custom valuation multiples, which further enhances their analytical capabilities. Also, the course teaches robust financial modeling techniques, using both Excel and Google Sheets, that are essential for this career. By the end of this course, a Financial Consultant will have a firmer grasp of the underlying assumptions behind different multiples and be able to create their own, giving them a competitive edge.
Corporate Finance Analyst
A Corporate Finance Analyst helps companies make financial decisions and this course provides direct support through its focus on building a stock valuation system using multiples. This career requires a strong understanding of financial statements and valuation techniques. The course teaches how to extract and compile financial statements, identify comparable firms, and create custom valuation multiples. Moreover, the course provides hands-on experience with financial modeling using Excel and Google Sheets. A Corporate Finance Analyst will be better prepared to assess the financial health of a company and make recommendations by understanding the assumptions behind the multiples this course focuses on.
Private Equity Analyst
A Private Equity Analyst researches and assesses investment opportunities in private companies. This course may be useful by providing a foundation in stock valuation techniques. While private equity valuation often uses different approaches than public stock valuation, the course's teachings in extracting and compiling financial statements, identifying comparable firms, and creating custom multiples are transferable. Also, a Private Equity Analyst may find use in the course's emphasis on financial modeling in Excel and Google Sheets. The ability to use real world data and the focus on creating your own multiples, as taught in this course, can be of use to a Private Equity Analyst.
Management Consultant
A Management Consultant helps organizations improve their performance, and this course may be useful due to its focus on financial analysis. While management consulting spans various business areas, understanding financial modeling and stock valuation can be beneficial for making data-driven recommendations to clients. The course teaches the fundamentals of accounting, financial statement analysis, and how to build financial models using Excel and Google Sheets. The ability to extract, compile, and compare financial statements can help a Management Consultant better understand a company's financial health, and the course makes this data accessible through credible sources. Thus, this course may be helpful.
Business Development Manager
A Business Development Manager focuses on growing an organization's business. This course may be useful due to the focus on financial analysis and the ability to value a company's health. Although this is not the sole focus of business development, it is often pivotal when considering strategy, deal-making, and competitive positioning. This course teaches the fundamentals of accounting, financial statement analysis, and how to build financial models using Excel and Google Sheets. The ability to extract, compile, and compare financial statements may be beneficial to this career, along with the knowledge this course imparts on the underlying assumptions behind multiples. Thus, this course may be useful to a Business Development Manager.
Venture Capital Analyst
A Venture Capital Analyst evaluates investment opportunities in early-stage companies, and while this course primarily focuses on public stock valuation, the skills acquired may be useful in assessing financial health of a company. The course gives a comprehensive overview of accounting and financial statement analysis, both key competencies in any kind of financial assessment. A Venture Capital Analyst may also find use in the course's focus on creating your own financial models utilizing Excel and Google Sheets, which can be adapted for venture capital contexts. The financial modeling techniques, with the focus on finding comparable firms, may also be helpful in this role. Therefore, this course may be useful.
Actuary
An Actuary analyzes the financial costs of risk and uncertainty. While the course focuses on stock valuation rather than risk assessment, there are transferable skills that may be useful to an Actuary. The course covers core finance fundamentals, accounting principles, and financial modeling techniques using Excel and Google Sheets. This course may help build an understanding in financial statement analysis and the assumptions behind financial multiples, which may be useful in an Actuary's daily tasks. An Actuary also benefits from an understanding of creating and manipulating financial models, also a key component of the course's curriculum. The course may be useful to an Actuary.
Real Estate Analyst
A Real Estate Analyst evaluates real estate investment opportunities, and this course may be useful due to the fundamental overlap in valuation techniques. Although this course is focused on stock valuation, it teaches foundational skills in financial analysis, accounting, and financial statement analysis. A Real Estate Analyst may benefit from an understanding of how to build models from scratch, as the course teaches using Excel and Google Sheets, and how to rigorously compare and find the best comparable firms. Therefore, this course may provide some useful context and skills for a real estate analyst.
Market Research Analyst
A Market Research Analyst studies market conditions, and although this course focuses on financial modeling for stock valuation, it may still be useful to this role. The course provides an understanding of financial statements, which can add context to the market research conducted by this career. While market research is different from financial modeling, both fields benefit from the ability to analyze and compare data from different sources. A Market Research Analyst might find the course's data gathering and comparative data analysis skills beneficial, and the course teaches how to find credible sources for data. This course may be helpful.
Data Analyst
A Data Analyst interprets data to identify trends and patterns. This course may be helpful because it includes the practice of extracting and compiling financial statements from credible sources using Excel and Google Sheets, all of which a Data Analyst may find useful. Although the field is different from financial modeling, the course teaches valuable skills in data gathering, cleaning, and organization. The ability to create models, which the course teaches via Excel and Google Sheets, can be used in many different contexts. Therefore, this course may be useful to a Data Analyst.

Reading list

We've selected two books that we think will supplement your learning. Use these to develop background knowledge, enrich your coursework, and gain a deeper understanding of the topics covered in Build a Robust Stock Valuation System - Financial Modeling.
Provides a foundational understanding of financial statement analysis, crucial for stock valuation. Graham's principles help in identifying undervalued companies by carefully examining their financial health. It's a valuable resource for understanding how to interpret financial data and make informed investment decisions. While not a direct tutorial on multiples valuation, it provides the necessary background for understanding the numbers used in those calculations.
Is considered the bible of value investing and provides a comprehensive framework for analyzing securities. It delves into detailed financial statement analysis and valuation techniques. While it covers a broad range of topics, the principles discussed are highly relevant to understanding the fundamentals behind multiples valuation. This book is more valuable as additional reading to deepen understanding.

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