An introduction to SPSS is covered in this lecture.

The SPSS data files (for the entire course) are available under "downloadable materials" (see below) in this lecture. The file labeled "Data Files Descriptive Statistics in SPSS" contains the set of data files for the course.

Also, a pdf file of the results (the output file) is also available. The output file for this lecture is located below and is titled, "Introduction output"

All other output files are located within their respective lecture.

This lecture covers how to create value labels for different categories of a variable. In SPSS, numbers are required to be entered (in nearly all circumstances) to perform analyses. Value labels help us keep track of which group corresponds to a given number such as 1 = "male" and 2 = "female".

In this lecture, how to copy value labels to multiple variables at once is illustrated. Likert scales are also explained, including how to code them in SPSS.

In this video, how to insert, move, and delete variables is illustrated. Shortcut keys are also described (including the benefits of using them).

There is no output file for this lecture, as no SPSS output is produced.

In this video, how to insert one or more cases is illustrated. “Cases” in SPSS are the rows in the data file when the Data View window is selected.

There is no output file for this lecture, as no SPSS output is produced.

This video illustrates how to use the sort command in SPSS. The sort command is illustrated first on a single variable in SPSS; afterwards, the data set is sorted on two variables simultaneously. How to sort using both ascending (lowest values first) and descending (highest values first) order is shown.

This video examines how to modify a number of different default options in SPSS, including font type, style, and size, decimal places, value labels, and gridlines in the Data View window.

In this video, we take a look at how to modify the columns that are displayed in the variable view window when SPSS is opened.

In this video, we take a look at how to save an SPSS output file as a pdf file, which can help for printing two-sided documents.

How to create a bar chart in SPSS is covered in this lecture. Bar charts are typically created on categorical variables, such as gender, ethnicity, and so on. The bars of a bar chart are not touching (there are gaps in-between them) since the data are not continuous (they are categorical or discrete).

How to create a histogram in SPSS is covered in this lecture. Histograms are typically created on continuous variables, such as height, weight, high school GPA, and so on. Unlike the bar chart covered in the previous lecture, the bars of a histogram are touching (as long as there is a frequency of at least one for a given category) since the data are continuous.

In this video, we take a look at how to construct and interpret a boxplot in SPSS. Each of the 5 key values in the boxplot are interpreted (minimum, Q1 median, Q3, and maximum), including the effect of outliers.

How to create a stem and leaf plot is covered in this lecture. Stem and leaf plots are interesting alternatives to histograms, as they convey the same information as a histogram, while having the advantage of also presenting the actual values in the graph.

Interesting note: Unlike the bar chart and histogram, notice that the graphics for the stem and leaf plot are a bit antiquated and could use some updating!

How to create a scatterplot is covered in this lecture. Scatterplots contain one variable on the X-axis and another variable on the Y-axis. It's a good idea to create a scatterplot when conducting a correlation coefficient. Correlation is a topic covered in our next course, "Inferential Statistics in SPSS - Step by Step".

How to create a frequency distribution table is illustrated in this lecture.

How to create a pie chart and modify chart options in SPSS is illustrated in this video.

In this lecture, how to calculate the mean, median, and mode is illustrated using the frequencies procedure in SPSS.

In this lecture, how to calculate the standard deviation and variance is illustrated. The measures are obtained first using the descriptives procedure and then the frequencies procedure in SPSS.

In this lecture, how to obtain the mean and standard deviation is illustrated using the frequencies procedure in SPSS.

In this lecture, the mean and standard deviation is obtained for separate groups of a categorical variable using the means procedure in SPSS.

In this lecture, how to calculate z scores on a variable is illustrated. After calculating z scores, the mean and standard deviation on the new z-score variable is found to show that the mean of the new variable is 0 and the standard deviation is 1 (within rounding error), which is a property of the z-score distribution.

In this video, we take a look at Pearson’s r correlation coefficient. We examine it first as a descriptive statistic (the topic of this class), then we take a look at it an inferential statistic (as a preview to our next course). The basic difference between these two approaches is the following: as a descriptive statistic, correlation describes the relationship between two variables, while as an inferential statistic, we test to see whether the correlation is significantly different from zero (in addition to describing the relationship).

This video lecture covers the mean, median, and mode. First the mode is covered, including examples of two modes (bimodal) and three or more modes (multimodal). Next, finding the median is covered for both an even and odd number of values. After the median, how to calculate the mean (arithmetic average) is covered.

In this video, the answers to the mean, median, and mode quiz are reviewed with explanations provided. The answers are also available in the attached PDF file.

Note: On problem #5, I state, "1, 3, 3, 5", but should have stated "1, 3, 3, 3, 5."

In this video, we take a look at the relationship between the mean, median, and mode and asymmetrical (skewed) distributions. As the video illustrates, the order of the three measures of central tendency (where they fall on a number line in relation to each other) depends on whether a distribution is positively or negatively skewed.

This video reviews the answers to the quiz on central tendency and skewed distributions. The answers are also available in the attached PDF file.

In this video, we take a look at the weighted mean, which can be used for finding an overall mean for two groups.

In this video, the quiz answers are reviewed on the weighted mean.

In this video, we examine how to construct a cumulative frequency distribution table, which includes the columns X, f, and cf. X corresponds to the values (or scores) of a variable X, f is the frequency value for each X (how many of each X there are), and cf is the cumulative frequency.

In this video we examine how to construct a stem and leaf plot on a set of numbers ranging from the tens to fifties.

In this video, how to create a boxplot in SPSS is illsutrated.

In this video, we take a look at how to calculate percentiles in SPSS. Along with percentiles, how to interpret quartiles is also discussed.

In this video, we take a look at how to calculate the variance and standard deviation by hand. Each step and calculation is illustrated in arriving at the solutions.

This video reviews the quiz on the standard deviation and variance, illustrating step by step how to find each value.

In this video lecture, we take a look at the properties of the z score normal distribution, including (1) that it is symmetrical, (2) that the mean, median, and mode are all equal to zero, and (3) that the standard deviation is equal to 1.

This video reviews the answers to the quiz, Properties of the z-Score Normal Distribution.

In this video, we take a look at how to solve for X given a z score, mean, and standard deviation. This not only is covered in many statistics texts, but is a very common procedure that is used in score reporting for standardized tests, such as IQ tests, the SAT, and so on. In creating these types of test scores, standard test companies have a z score for each test taker and then find their X value (for example, IQ score) using a certain mean and standard deviation (a popular one for IQ tests: mean = 100, standard deviation = 15).

In this video, the answers are reviewed to the quiz, Solving for X Scores Given a z-Score.

In this video, the one sample t test is introduced from our Introductory Statistics in SPSS Course. In the course, several procedures are covered, including:

one sample t test (2 examples + confidence intervals and effect size)

independent samples t test (2 examples + confidence intervals and effect size)

dependent samples t test (2 examples + confidence intervals and effect size)

one-way between subjects ANOVA (2 examples + effect size)

Post hoc tests

One-way within subjects ANOVA (2 examples)

+ Post hoc tests

Correlation (2 examples)

Regression (2 examples)

Chi-square goodness of fit test (2 examples)

Chi-square test of independence (2 examples)

And more!

This video previews content from our upcoming course, Survey Data and Likert Scale Analysis. Course is now available!