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Freedom of expression in the African media and digital policy landscape

Guy Berger and Hendrik Bussiek

The course’s foundation is an overview of the principles of freedom of expression and access to information and how these apply to media and online freedoms in Africa today. These freedoms are basic human rights, recognised the world over and codified in international and African documents as well as many national laws. The course offers a frame for assessing whether any restrictions on these rights meet international standards of being necessary or justifiable in order to protect other basic rights. Apart from legal frameworks, it also looks at other elements that make up an enabling environment where communications media can thrive and play a positive role in democracy and development. These elements include pluralism of service providers, a diversity of content and inclusive journalism.

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The course’s foundation is an overview of the principles of freedom of expression and access to information and how these apply to media and online freedoms in Africa today. These freedoms are basic human rights, recognised the world over and codified in international and African documents as well as many national laws. The course offers a frame for assessing whether any restrictions on these rights meet international standards of being necessary or justifiable in order to protect other basic rights. Apart from legal frameworks, it also looks at other elements that make up an enabling environment where communications media can thrive and play a positive role in democracy and development. These elements include pluralism of service providers, a diversity of content and inclusive journalism.

The course looks closely at the implications of Internet communications. The key issue here is the promotion of digital rights, the right of everyone in the online world to access, use, create and publish information on digital media, blogs, websites and social messaging. It further examines the growing danger of disinformation and the problems of Internet companies’ business models. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its possible effects on the media and journalism are also interrogated.

The course is designed to support participants with knowledge for taking effective civil action to work for positive change in free expression in their country and beyond.

Course participants have the opportunity to learn from the experience of experts and to gain ideas by engaging in discussion forums.

It is highly recommended that participants take both courses in the Professional Certificate in Media and Digital Policy in Africa. The second course, which builds on the first, closely examines the regulation of media, the internet and artificial intelligence (AI), as well as issues of access to information, the challenge of the economic viability of media and further tips for civil action.

edX extends a compassionate gesture to learners who can exemplify that meeting the financial obligation for the verified certificate fee would entail a significant economic burden. Should you aspire to cover the fees associated with obtaining your professional certificate, we encourage you to explore the option of securing financial assistance from edX. If you wish to initiate this process, click here.

What you'll learn

Free expression, access to information and media freedom:

  • Freedom of expression as a two-sided right.
  • A tool to check whether restrictions on freedom of expression are justifiable.
  • The interrelation of international agreements and national law.

Media independence, safety, pluralism and diversity:

  • Criteria for the independence of media.
  • Standards of professional journalism.
  • Safety of journalists and media.
  • Pluralism and diversity in the media.
  • Different types of media.
  • Gender diversity in the media.

The internet and freedom of expression

  • Universal access to the internet.
  • Government interference with internet access.
  • Surveillance and cybercrime legislation.
  • The challenge of Artificial Intelligence (AI).
  • Disinformation and how to combat it.
  • How to protect the integrity of online expression.

Effective civil society engagement in support of democratic media policy:

  • The role of civil society.
  • Formal and informal channels of civil society engagement.
  • Getting a handle on law reform.
  • Civil society may be undermined.

Good to know

Know what's good
, what to watch for
, and possible dealbreakers
Explores the foundations and principles of freedom of expression and access to information
Examines how these freedoms apply to media and online freedoms in Africa, where they are basic human rights
Offers a framework for assessing whether restrictions on media and online freedoms meet international standards
Provides insights into the elements necessary for enabling an environment where communications media contribute to democracy and development
Examines the implications of Internet communications, particularly the promotion of digital rights, the right of everyone to access, use, create and publish information on digital media, blogs, websites and social messaging
Investigates the growing danger of disinformation and the problems of Internet companies’ business models
Interrogates Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its possible effects on the media and journalism
Provides participants with the knowledge for taking effective civil action to work for positive change in free expression
Offers opportunities to learn from experts and gain insights through discussion forums
Forms part of a Professional Certificate in Media and Digital Policy in Africa

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Activities

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Career center

Learners who complete Freedom of expression in the African media and digital policy landscape will develop knowledge and skills that may be useful to these careers:
Web Designer
Web Designers create and develop websites. They may also work on other aspects of web development, such as user experience design and search engine optimization. The course Freedom of Expression in the African Media and Digital Policy Landscape would be useful as it examines the implications of Internet communications, including the key issue of universal access to the internet.
Civil Society Advocate
Civil Society Advocates work to promote the interests of civil society organizations. They may work on a variety of issues, such as human rights, environmental protection, and social justice. The course Freedom of Expression in the African Media and Digital Policy Landscape would be useful as it provides an overview of the principles of freedom of expression and access to information and how these apply to media and online freedoms in Africa today. It would be especially useful for those who want to work on issues related to freedom of expression and digital rights.
Digital Rights Advocate
Digital Rights Advocates work to ensure that people have the right to access, use, create, and publish information on digital media. They work to protect freedom of expression online and to promote the development of a free and open internet. The course Freedom of Expression in the African Media and Digital Policy Landscape would be useful as it will help you better understand the challenges to freedom of expression online and the strategies that can be used to protect it.
Journalist
Journalists research, write and edit news stories for newspapers, magazines, websites, and other media outlets. They may also work as producers or reporters for radio and television news programs. The course Freedom of Expression in the African Media and Digital Policy Landscape would be useful as it examines the implications of Internet communications, including the key issue of the promotion of digital rights.
Social Media Manager
Social Media Managers develop and execute social media strategies for organizations. They may also create and manage social media content, and they may work with other departments to develop integrated marketing campaigns. The course Freedom of Expression in the African Media and Digital Policy Landscape would be useful as it examines the implications of Internet communications, including the key issue of the promotion of digital rights.
Political Scientist
Political Scientists study political systems and institutions. They analyze the distribution and exercise of power in society, and they develop theories about how political systems work. The course Freedom of Expression in the African Media and Digital Policy Landscape would be useful as it provides an overview of the principles of freedom of expression and access to information and how these apply to media and online freedoms in Africa today.
Legal Advisor
Legal Advisors provide legal advice to individuals and organizations. They may work in a variety of settings, such as law firms, corporations, and government agencies. The course Freedom of Expression in the African Media and Digital Policy Landscape would be useful as it provides a framework for assessing whether any restrictions on freedom of expression are justifiable.
Policy Analyst
Policy Analysts develop and evaluate public policies. They may work for government agencies, think tanks, or other organizations that have an interest in public policy. The course Freedom of Expression in the African Media and Digital Policy Landscape would be useful as it provides an overview of the principles of freedom of expression and access to information and how these apply to media and online freedoms in Africa today.
Media Ethics Consultant
Media Ethics Consultants help media organizations develop and implement ethical policies and procedures. They also advise media organizations on how to handle ethical dilemmas. The course Freedom of Expression in the African Media and Digital Policy Landscape would be useful as it provides a framework for assessing whether any restrictions on freedom of expression are justifiable.
Cybersecurity Analyst
Cybersecurity Analysts work to protect computer systems and networks from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction. They analyze and assess risks to computer systems and networks, and develop and implement security measures to protect them. The course Freedom of Expression in the African Media and Digital Policy Landscape would be useful as it examines the growing danger of disinformation and the problems of Internet companies’ business models. This course could help you better understand the challenges to freedom of expression online and the strategies that can be used to protect it.
Artificial Intelligence Engineer
Artificial Intelligence Engineers design and develop artificial intelligence systems. They may also work on other aspects of artificial intelligence, such as machine learning and deep learning. The course Freedom of Expression in the African Media and Digital Policy Landscape would be useful as it provides an overview of the potential effects of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on the media and journalism.
Broadcast Journalist
Broadcast Journalists research, write and present news stories for radio and television audiences. The course Freedom of Expression in the African Media and Digital Policy Landscape would be useful as it offers a frame for assessing whether any restrictions on these rights meet international standards of being necessary or justifiable in order to protect other basic rights.
Public Relations Specialist
Public Relations Specialists manage the public image of organizations. They develop and implement public relations campaigns, and they may also work as media liaisons. The course Freedom of Expression in the African Media and Digital Policy Landscape would be useful as it provides an overview of the principles of freedom of expression and access to information and how these apply to media and online freedoms in Africa today
Media Analyst
Media Analysts study the media industry and make recommendations on how to improve its performance. They may work for media companies, advertising agencies, or other organizations that have an interest in the media. The course Freedom of Expression in the African Media and Digital Policy Landscape would be useful as it offers a frame for assessing whether any restrictions on these rights meet international standards of being necessary or justifiable in order to protect other basic rights.
Media Lawyer
Media Lawyers are integral to the law and policy of journalism. They know the ins and outs of current legislation and case law, both domestically and internationally. Many choose to specialize in advising media companies. As a Media Lawyer, you might work at an independent firm or a media organization. The course Freedom of Expression in the African Media and Digital Policy Landscape would be useful as it provides a framework for assessing whether any restrictions on freedom of expression meet international standards.

Reading list

We've selected ten books that we think will supplement your learning. Use these to develop background knowledge, enrich your coursework, and gain a deeper understanding of the topics covered in Freedom of expression in the African media and digital policy landscape.
A classic work on the philosophical foundations of freedom of expression. Can be used as additional reading.
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A seminal work on the legal and social implications of the internet. Can be used as additional reading.
Provides a comprehensive overview of the impact of digital media on journalism and democracy. Can be used as additional reading.
Provides a comparative analysis of media law and ethics in different countries. Can be used as additional reading.
Provides a comprehensive overview of media and cultural studies. Can be used as additional reading.
A classic work on the effects of media violence. Can be used as additional reading.

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