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Erland Stevens

In this course about lead selection and lead optimization, students will learn methods for discovering and optimizing leads with the end goal of advancing a compound into the clinic. The three-week course starts with the processes for finding molecules with promising activity for initiation of a drug program. The second week covers the criteria used to select the best molecules as new leads for the optimization stage. In the final week, students will learn different methods for identifying structural changes that will optimize a lead’s efficacy and PK properties as well as reduce toxicity.

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In this course about lead selection and lead optimization, students will learn methods for discovering and optimizing leads with the end goal of advancing a compound into the clinic. The three-week course starts with the processes for finding molecules with promising activity for initiation of a drug program. The second week covers the criteria used to select the best molecules as new leads for the optimization stage. In the final week, students will learn different methods for identifying structural changes that will optimize a lead’s efficacy and PK properties as well as reduce toxicity.

Students in the course should understand pharmacodynamics, drug activity, pharmacokinetics, and preclinical safety. Students should also be comfortable with algebraic expressions, including logarithmic and exponential functions. A fundamental understanding of the structure of organic molecules and their functional groups is also required. The course is designed in modules. Each module opens with a short video on a selected topic. The module continues with a short reading or exercise with an assessment activity. Each module will require approximately 1 hour to complete, and the course includes 15 modules. Two approaches to the course are recommended. One, a student might spend an hour per day on the course and complete all 15 modules in approximately three weeks. Two, a student with additional available time may be able to work through the entire course in just a single week or over an extended weekend.

Students signed up for the Audit Track have access to the instructional video materials. Students enrolled through the Verified Track have access to the instructional videos, the readings and activities, the assessments, as well as selected additional videos related to the primary instructional videos.

What you'll learn

  • general approaches to finding compounds with activity on a drug target

  • methods for confirming target engagement by an active compound

  • techniques for communicating the pharmacophore of a series of active molecules

  • criteria that help priorities biologically active compounds as potential leads

  • types of information that are most often used to guide lead optimization decisions

  • different functional groups that are often used to improve PK properties without affecting on-target activity in a molecule

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Good to know

Know what's good
, what to watch for
, and possible dealbreakers
Builds a strong foundation for beginners in lead selection and optimization
Develops expertise in discovery and optimizing leads to advance compounds into the clinic
Teaches methods for confirming target engagement by an active compound, which is standard practice in pharmacology
Requires students to be comfortable with algebraic expressions, including logarithmic and exponential functions, which may be a challenge for some learners
Assumes students have a fundamental understanding of organic molecules and their functional groups

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Activities

Be better prepared before your course. Deepen your understanding during and after it. Supplement your coursework and achieve mastery of the topics covered in Lead Discovery & Optimization for Efficacy, PK, & Safety with these activities:
Pharmacodynamics and Drug Activity Review
Solidify the understanding of pharmacodynamics and drug activity to strengthen the foundation for lead selection and optimization.
Browse courses on pharmacodynamics
Show steps
  • Review lecture notes and textbooks on pharmacodynamics.
  • Solve practice problems related to drug-receptor interactions.
Explore Lead Identification Strategies
Understand the general approaches to finding compounds with activity on a drug target.
Show steps
  • Access online tutorials on lead identification techniques.
  • Practice applying these techniques to case studies.
Course Materials Compilation
Organize and review course materials to enhance understanding and retention of key concepts.
Show steps
  • Gather lecture notes, slides, and assignments.
  • Create a structured system for organizing materials.
  • Review materials regularly to reinforce learning.
Five other activities
Expand to see all activities and additional details
Show all eight activities
Lead Selection Criteria Project
Apply the criteria used to select the best molecules as new leads for the optimization stage.
Show steps
  • Gather a dataset of active compounds.
  • Apply lead selection criteria to prioritize compounds.
  • Analyze the results and justify the selection.
Lead Optimization Study Group
Engage in peer-to-peer learning and reinforce understanding by mentoring others.
Show steps
  • Form a study group with peers.
  • Take turns presenting and discussing lead optimization concepts.
  • Provide feedback and support to group members.
Lead Optimization Techniques Article
Develop a deeper understanding of different methods for identifying structural changes that will optimize a lead’s efficacy.
Show steps
  • Research lead optimization techniques.
  • Summarize key concepts in a well-written article.
  • Share the article with peers for feedback.
Lead Optimization Workshop
Learn from experts and engage in hands-on exercises to refine lead optimization skills.
Show steps
  • Attend a lead optimization workshop.
  • Participate in group discussions and exercises.
  • Apply learnings to optimize lead compounds.
Lead Optimization Code Contribution
Gain practical experience and contribute to the field by participating in open-source lead optimization projects.
Show steps
  • Identify open-source lead optimization projects.
  • Contribute code or documentation to the project.
  • Collaborate with other developers to enhance the project.

Career center

Learners who complete Lead Discovery & Optimization for Efficacy, PK, & Safety will develop knowledge and skills that may be useful to these careers:
Pharmacologist
Pharmacologists study the effects of drugs on the body. They may also develop new drugs and therapies.
Discovery Biologist
Discovery Biologists are responsible for the discovery of new drugs and therapies. They may also work on developing new methods for drug discovery.
Computational Pharmacologist
Computational Pharmacologists use computer models to simulate and predict the behavior of drugs in the body. They may also develop new drugs and therapies. This course provides a strong foundation in the principles of pharmacology, drug activity, and pharmacokinetics.
Preclinical Scientist
Preclinical Scientists conduct research on new drugs and therapies before they are tested in humans. They may also develop new drugs and therapies.
Research and Development Scientist
Research and Development Scientists conduct research on new drugs and therapies. They may also develop new drugs and therapies.
Safety Pharmacologist
Safety Pharmacologists study the effects of drugs on the body. They may also develop new drugs and therapies.
Drug Metabolism Scientist
Drug Metabolism Scientists study how drugs are metabolized in the body. They may also develop new drugs and therapies.
Pharmacokinetics Scientist
Pharmacokinetics Scientists study the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs in the body. They may also develop new drugs and therapies.
Pharmaceutical Scientist
Pharmaceutical Scientists develop, manufacture, and test drugs and other pharmaceuticals. They may also work on developing new drugs and therapies.
Toxicologist
Toxicologists study the effects of drugs and other substances on the body.
Investigational Toxicologist
Investigational Toxicologists study the effects of drugs and other substances on the body. They may also develop new drugs and therapies.
Regulatory Affairs Specialist
Regulatory Affairs Specialists ensure that drugs and other medical products meet safety and efficacy standards. They may also develop new drugs and therapies.
Clinical Research Associate
Clinical Research Associates work with patients in clinical trials. They may also develop new drugs and therapies.
Biostatistician
Biostatisticians use statistical methods to analyze data from clinical trials and other studies. They may also develop new drugs and therapies.
Medical Writer
Medical Writers write scientific documents, such as clinical trial reports and drug labels. They may also develop new drugs and therapies.

Reading list

We've selected seven books that we think will supplement your learning. Use these to develop background knowledge, enrich your coursework, and gain a deeper understanding of the topics covered in Lead Discovery & Optimization for Efficacy, PK, & Safety.
Provides a comprehensive overview of pharmacology and therapeutics, covering topics such as drug mechanisms of action, drug interactions, and drug side effects.
Provides a comprehensive overview of medicinal chemistry, covering topics such as drug design, synthesis, and evaluation.
Provides a comprehensive overview of pharmacology and therapeutics, covering topics such as drug mechanisms of action, drug interactions, and drug side effects.
Provides a comprehensive review of pharmacology, covering topics such as drug mechanisms of action, drug interactions, and drug side effects.
Provides a concise overview of pharmacology, covering topics such as drug mechanisms of action, drug interactions, and drug side effects.

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