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Kenneth J. Pienta, M.D.

Over 500,000 people in the United States and over 8 million people worldwide are dying every year from cancer. As people live longer, the incidence of cancer is rising worldwide and the disease is expected to strike over 20 million people annually by 2030. This open course is designed for people who would like to develop an understanding of cancer and how it is prevented, diagnosed, and treated.

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Over 500,000 people in the United States and over 8 million people worldwide are dying every year from cancer. As people live longer, the incidence of cancer is rising worldwide and the disease is expected to strike over 20 million people annually by 2030. This open course is designed for people who would like to develop an understanding of cancer and how it is prevented, diagnosed, and treated.

The course introduces the molecular biology of cancer (oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes) as well as the biologic hallmarks of cancer. The course also describes the risk factors for the major cancers worldwide, including lung cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer, liver cancer, and stomach cancer. We explain how cancer is staged, the major ways cancer is found by imaging, and how the major cancers are treated.

In addition to the core materials, this course includes two Honors lessons devoted to cancers of the liver and prostate.

Upon successful completion of this course, you will be able to:

- Identify the major types of cancer worldwide. (Lecture 1)

- Describe how genes contribute to the risk and growth of cancer. (Lecture 2)

- List and describe the ten cellular hallmarks of cancer. (Lecture 3)

- Define metastasis, and identify the major steps in the metastatic process. (Lecture 4)

- Describe the role of imaging in the screening, diagnosis, staging, and treatments of cancer. (Lecture 5)

- Explain how cancer is treated. (Lecture 6)

We hope that this course gives you a basic understanding of cancer biology and treatment. The course is not designed for patients seeking treatment guidance – but it can help you understand how cancer develops and provides a framework for understanding cancer diagnosis and treatment.

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What's inside

Syllabus

Incidence and Etiology of Cancer
In this first week, we'll get a high-level introduction to the basics of cancer biology as well as incidence and common types of cancer.
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Genetics of Cancer
Now, we'll turn our attention to the genetics of cancer, variation and mutation, two-hit hypothesis, and genomic instability.
Ten Cellular Hallmarks of Cancer
All cancers share ten cellular hallmarks. This week, you'll learn to identify these hallmarks in order to distinguish a normal cell from a cancerous cell.
Metastasis: The Real Killer
The lethal agent of cancer is metastasis. This week, we'll take a good look at this deadly event, TNM staging, the metastatic process, and an ecological paradigm.
Imaging in Oncology
This week, we'll examine imaging as a tool for diagnosis, staging, and treatment of cancer.
Treatment
In this final week, we'll examine the variety of treatment options available to doctors and patients as well as the features of clinical trials and how they are used to improve the treatment arsenal.

Good to know

Know what's good
, what to watch for
, and possible dealbreakers
Focuses on foundational oncologic principles and concepts, suitable for beginners in the field
Provides comprehensive coverage of cancer biology, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment
Led by Kenneth J. Pienta, a recognized expert in the field of oncology
Utilizes a multi-modal approach with videos, readings, and discussions
Relevance to industry with a focus on major cancer types and their treatments

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Reviews summary

Biology of cancer

learners say the "Introduction to the Biology of Cancer" course is largely positive, providing a well received overview of the basic qualities of cancer and its treatments. The engaging assignments and easy to understand lectures cover foundational cancer-biology concepts like its origins, diagnosis, progression, and treatment. While it's a good starting point for beginners, the course is less useful for students with prior cancer biology knowledge.
The course quizzes are described by reviewers as one of the best aspects of the course, effective at encouraging focus on lectures and reinforcing concepts.
"The periodic quizzes helped me to assess my progress and improved my focus during the lectures."
"helpful quizzes ensure that you follow the course well enough."
This course is best suited for beginners with little to no prior cancer biology knowledge or as a refresher course for those in the field.
"It is a very good option for someone who a) are new to cancer biology and need an easy introduction to the field or b) need a quick refresher on some important topics in cancer."
"Even though I have worked in a hospital/healthcare setting for over 15 years, this course offered me an insight into cancer and its biology"
"I am beyond satisfied with the course that was provided."
"An excellent introduction to cancer course for students who have a general understanding of science."
The lectures, slides, and provided diagrams are all described as clear, organized, and useful for learners of all biology backgrounds.
"The lectures were clear, descriptive and for me, it seemed like a short note."
"The course is really good & very informative."
"The course content is just perfect for any new born in the area"
"the simplest language and grammar (semantics)"
Learners with prior cancer biology knowledge may find the basic content of this course to be too simplistic.
"I think it should be spiced up more because I almost fell asleep once and that the quizzes should be more difficult but other than that, great course."
"If, however, you have any experience in oncology already, it is not advisable to attend this course since it discusses only the fundamentals of oncology."
Non-native English speakers found it difficult to keep up with the fast-paced lectures and accents of the instructors.
"Although the content was really good, I need to make some comments in order to improve the course."
"all the other speakers spoke very very fast and it was difficult to follow as a non native speaker even though my English is very good."
"there were a few spots where the transcripts were wrong and it really threw me off."

Activities

Be better prepared before your course. Deepen your understanding during and after it. Supplement your coursework and achieve mastery of the topics covered in Introduction to the Biology of Cancer with these activities:
Review cell biology fundamentals
Reviewing the basics of cell biology can help you understand the development and spread of cancer.
Browse courses on Cell Biology
Show steps
  • Review your notes or textbooks from previous biology courses.
  • Take practice quizzes or tests to assess your understanding.
Review prerequisites for cancer biology
Refresh and build upon existing knowledge in biology to facilitate understanding of cancer biology and treatment.
Browse courses on Biology
Show steps
  • Review high school biology textbooks or notes.
  • Take online practice quizzes or tests on basic biology concepts.
  • Attend a refresher course or workshop on biology.
Review the textbook 'Molecular Biology of Cancer'
Enhance understanding of cancer biology through a comprehensive review of the textbook 'Molecular Biology of Cancer', reinforcing key concepts and expanding knowledge.
Show steps
  • Obtain a copy of the textbook.
  • Read through the chapters thoroughly, taking notes and highlighting important concepts.
  • Complete the review questions and exercises at the end of each chapter.
  • Discuss the book's content with classmates or instructors to clarify understanding.
Nine other activities
Expand to see all activities and additional details
Show all 12 activities
Solve practice problems on cancer genetics
Solving practice problems will help solidify your understanding of cancer genetics and how genetic mutations contribute to cancer development.
Browse courses on Cancer Genetics
Show steps
  • Find practice problems from textbooks, online resources, or your instructor.
  • Solve the problems independently.
  • Check your answers against provided solutions or ask your instructor for feedback.
Explore interactive online tutorials on cancer genetics
Enhance understanding of the genetic basis of cancer through guided online tutorials, solidifying concepts covered in the course.
Browse courses on Cancer Genetics
Show steps
  • Identify reputable online platforms offering interactive cancer genetics tutorials.
  • Follow the tutorials step-by-step, taking notes and asking questions as needed.
  • Complete the exercises and quizzes associated with the tutorials.
Create a visual representation of the Ten Cellular Hallmarks of Cancer
Creating a visual representation of the Ten Cellular Hallmarks of Cancer can help you memorize and understand these key characteristics that distinguish cancer cells from normal cells.
Browse courses on Cancer Biology
Show steps
  • Gather information about the Ten Cellular Hallmarks of Cancer.
  • Choose a visual format, such as a mind map, flowchart, or infographic.
  • Create your visual representation, clearly illustrating the hallmarks and their interconnections.
Solve practice problems on cancer metastasis
Reinforce understanding of the complex process of cancer metastasis through dedicated practice and problem-solving.
Show steps
  • Obtain textbooks or online resources with practice problems on cancer metastasis.
  • Work through the problems systematically, referring to course materials for guidance.
  • Discuss solutions with classmates or instructors to clarify concepts.
Join a study group to discuss metastasis
Engaging in group discussions can provide diverse perspectives and enhance your understanding of metastasis, its mechanisms, and clinical implications.
Browse courses on Metastasis
Show steps
  • Find or form a study group with classmates.
  • Choose a specific topic related to metastasis to focus on.
  • Prepare by reading relevant materials and gathering questions.
  • Participate actively in the discussion, sharing your insights and listening to others.
Develop a patient education pamphlet on cancer imaging
Apply knowledge of cancer imaging to create a tangible resource for patients, deepening understanding and promoting patient engagement.
Browse courses on Imaging
Show steps
  • Research and gather information on cancer imaging techniques.
  • Organize the information into a clear and concise format suitable for a patient audience.
  • Design and create the pamphlet using visually appealing elements.
  • Review and refine the pamphlet based on feedback from peers or instructors.
Volunteer at a cancer support organization
Gain practical experience and contribute to the community by volunteering at a cancer support organization, fostering empathy and a deeper understanding of the impact of cancer.
Show steps
  • Identify local cancer support organizations.
  • Inquire about volunteer opportunities and requirements.
  • Commit to a regular volunteering schedule.
  • Engage with cancer patients and their families, providing emotional support and assistance.
Mentor high school students interested in cancer research
Share knowledge and inspire future scientists by mentoring high school students interested in cancer research, fostering their passion and deepening your own understanding.
Show steps
  • Reach out to local high schools or science clubs.
  • Offer to mentor students with an interest in cancer research.
  • Develop a mentorship plan that includes regular meetings and guidance.
  • Provide support and encouragement to students as they explore cancer research.
Develop a website or mobile app on cancer prevention and early detection
Apply knowledge of cancer prevention and early detection to create a practical tool that promotes public awareness and empowers individuals to take proactive measures against cancer.
Browse courses on Cancer Prevention
Show steps
  • Research and gather information on cancer prevention and early detection strategies.
  • Design and develop a website or mobile app that provides user-friendly access to this information.
  • Incorporate interactive features such as risk assessment tools and educational videos.
  • Test the app or website thoroughly and gather feedback from users.
  • Launch the app or website and promote it through various channels.

Career center

Learners who complete Introduction to the Biology of Cancer will develop knowledge and skills that may be useful to these careers:
Oncologist
An Oncologist studies, diagnoses, and treats cancer. It is the study of the causes, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. A course in the Biology of Cancer can help build a foundation for an Oncologist. A course such as this will provide a strong foundation in the molecular basis of cancer, the cellular hallmarks of cancer, and the various treatment options available to doctors and patients.
Radiation Therapist
A Radiation Therapist treats cancer using radiation therapy. Radiation therapy is a type of treatment that uses high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells. A course in the Biology of Cancer can help build a foundation for a Radiation Therapist. A course such as this will provide a strong foundation in the molecular basis of cancer, the cellular hallmarks of cancer, and the various treatment options available to doctors and patients.
Medical Physicist
A Medical Physicist works with doctors and other healthcare professionals to use physics to diagnose and treat cancer. Medical Physicists use their knowledge of physics to develop and use radiation therapy treatments for cancer. A course in the Biology of Cancer can help build a foundation for a Medical Physicist. A course such as this will provide a strong foundation in the molecular basis of cancer, the cellular hallmarks of cancer, and the various treatment options available to doctors and patients.
Cancer Researcher
A Cancer Researcher conducts research on cancer. They study the causes of cancer, develop new treatments for cancer, and work to find a cure for cancer. A course in the Biology of Cancer can help build a foundation for a Cancer Researcher. A course such as this will provide a strong foundation in the molecular basis of cancer, the cellular hallmarks of cancer, and the various treatment options available to doctors and patients.
Pharmaceutical Sales Representative
A Pharmaceutical Sales Representative sells pharmaceutical products, including cancer drugs, to doctors and other healthcare professionals. A course in the Biology of Cancer can help build a foundation for a Pharmaceutical Sales Representative. A course such as this will provide a strong foundation in the molecular basis of cancer, the cellular hallmarks of cancer, and the various treatment options available to doctors and patients.
Health Educator
A Health Educator teaches people about health and how to prevent and treat diseases, including cancer. A course in the Biology of Cancer can help build a foundation for a Health Educator. A course such as this will provide a strong foundation in the molecular basis of cancer, the cellular hallmarks of cancer, and the various treatment options available to doctors and patients.
Science Writer
A Science Writer writes about science and technology for a variety of audiences, including the general public, scientists, and policymakers. A course in the Biology of Cancer can help build a foundation for a Science Writer. A course such as this will provide a strong foundation in the molecular basis of cancer, the cellular hallmarks of cancer, and the various treatment options available to doctors and patients.
Patient Navigator
A Patient Navigator helps cancer patients navigate the healthcare system and get the care they need. A course in the Biology of Cancer can help build a foundation for a Patient Navigator. A course such as this will provide a strong foundation in the molecular basis of cancer, the cellular hallmarks of cancer, and the various treatment options available to doctors and patients.
Biostatistician
A Biostatistician uses statistics to study cancer and other health-related issues. A course in the Biology of Cancer can help build a foundation for a Biostatistician. A course such as this will provide a strong foundation in the molecular basis of cancer, the cellular hallmarks of cancer, and the various treatment options available to doctors and patients.
Clinical Research Coordinator
A Clinical Research Coordinator helps to coordinate clinical trials for cancer and other diseases. A course in the Biology of Cancer can help build a foundation for a Clinical Research Coordinator. A course such as this will provide a strong foundation in the molecular basis of cancer, the cellular hallmarks of cancer, and the various treatment options available to doctors and patients.
Genetic Counselor
A Genetic Counselor helps people understand their genetic risk for cancer and other diseases. A course in the Biology of Cancer can help build a foundation for a Genetic Counselor. A course such as this will provide a strong foundation in the molecular basis of cancer, the cellular hallmarks of cancer, and the various treatment options available to doctors and patients.
Science Teacher
A Science Teacher teaches science to students in grades K-12. A course in the Biology of Cancer may be useful for a Science Teacher. A course such as this can help build a foundation in the molecular basis of cancer, the cellular hallmarks of cancer, and the various treatment options available to doctors and patients.
Lawyer
A Lawyer advises clients on legal matters, including those related to cancer. A course in the Biology of Cancer may be useful for a Lawyer. A course such as this can help build a foundation in the molecular basis of cancer, the cellular hallmarks of cancer, and the various treatment options available to doctors and patients.
Journalist
A Journalist reports on news and current events, including those related to cancer. A course in the Biology of Cancer may be useful for a Journalist. A course such as this can help build a foundation in the molecular basis of cancer, the cellular hallmarks of cancer, and the various treatment options available to doctors and patients.
Politician
A Politician makes and enforces laws, including those related to cancer. A course in the Biology of Cancer may be useful for a Politician. A course such as this can help build a foundation in the molecular basis of cancer, the cellular hallmarks of cancer, and the various treatment options available to doctors and patients.

Reading list

We've selected 22 books that we think will supplement your learning. Use these to develop background knowledge, enrich your coursework, and gain a deeper understanding of the topics covered in Introduction to the Biology of Cancer.
This widely-used textbook provides a comprehensive overview of cancer biology, including the latest research and advancements in the field. It is highly recommended for students and professionals seeking a deeper understanding of cancer.
An in-depth exploration of the molecular basis of cancer, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the field from the perspective of basic research with clinical applications.
This textbook provides a comprehensive overview of clinical oncology, including the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cancer.
Written by one of the pioneers in cancer research, this book offers a clear and accessible introduction to the fundamental principles of cancer biology. It is an excellent resource for those looking to gain a solid foundation in the subject.
This textbook provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular biology of cancer, covering topics such as cancer cell growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis.
This authoritative textbook offers a comprehensive guide to the principles and practice of oncology. It covers the latest advances in cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prevention, making it an invaluable resource for medical professionals.
This comprehensive reference guide offers a detailed overview of cancer therapy. It covers a wide range of treatment modalities, including surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy, making it an invaluable resource for medical professionals.
Focuses on the role of tumor suppressor genes in cancer development. It provides detailed insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer progression and offers a valuable perspective for researchers and clinicians.
This textbook provides a detailed overview of the biology of cancer, including the genetic basis of cancer, the cell cycle, and cancer metabolism.
Provides a comprehensive overview of cancer immunotherapy, which new and promising treatment for cancer.

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