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Structural Racism

Causes of Health Inequities in the U.S.

Paul Fleming, William D Lopez, and Melissa Creary

Racial health disparities - differences in health outcomes based on race - are rampant in the U.S., and many incorrectly assume these are due to differences in behavior or genetics. To understand these differences, and ultimately identify solutions to eliminate these disparities, we need to dig deeper and look at the root causes. We need to examine how our socio-political institutions have racial inequities embedded within their policies and practices. We need to re-examine history to learn how and why race was created and how it was used to advance the interests of whites. We need to examine how state violence is selectively used to reinforce racial inequities.

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Racial health disparities - differences in health outcomes based on race - are rampant in the U.S., and many incorrectly assume these are due to differences in behavior or genetics. To understand these differences, and ultimately identify solutions to eliminate these disparities, we need to dig deeper and look at the root causes. We need to examine how our socio-political institutions have racial inequities embedded within their policies and practices. We need to re-examine history to learn how and why race was created and how it was used to advance the interests of whites. We need to examine how state violence is selectively used to reinforce racial inequities.

Learners in this course will be guided through these examinations in order to gain a deeper understanding of why health disparities exist in the U.S. and what will be necessary to eliminate these disparities. Answering questions pertaining to course materials will give learners the opportunity to self-reflect in an effort to deepen their thinking about health inequities.

Additionally, course assignments will give learners the opportunity to practice advocacy skills through the creation of writing products intended to convince decision-makers to change their perspective. To fix the problem we need to accurately diagnose it, and this course will help learners diagnose the root causes of the problem.

By the end of this course, learners will be able to:

- Describe the impact of structural racism on individuals.

- Identify policies and events that shaped current racial health inequities.

- Discuss how historical events contributed to current racial health inequities.

- Describe how inequities in institutions like schools, businesses, and policing contribute to current racial health inequities.

- Apply public writing strategies to work against racial inequities in health.

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What's inside

Syllabus

Course Introduction & Policy, Politics, and Racial Health Inequities
In addition to introducing you to this course overall and the instructors, this first week will focus on how power and control shape access to resources and the impact on health outcomes. You can expect to complete a graded quiz at the end of the week, as well as an ungraded by strongly recommended writing assignment to help you process and apply what you've learned in the first week.
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Historical Roots of Health Inequities
The second week will focus on how present-day power structures and control of resources were created over the past six hundred years. Similar to the first week, you can expect to complete a graded quiz and an ungraded writing assignment at the end of the week.
State Violence and Health Inequities
This third and final week of the course will focus on how power and control of resources are enforced through our criminal legal system. In addition to a graded quiz and an ungraded writing assignment, you will be asked to pull together your writings from each of the three weeks into one peer-reviewed graded writing assignment.

Good to know

Know what's good
, what to watch for
, and possible dealbreakers
Introduces learners to the historical and modern-day racial structures that cause health inequities
Taught by recognized and experienced instructors in the field of racial health disparities
Involves learners in applying advocacy skills to address racial inequities in health
May require learners to purchase additional resources to complete assignments
Suitable for individuals interested in public health, racial justice, social work, and related fields

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Activities

Coming soon We're preparing activities for Structural Racism: Causes of Health Inequities in the U.S.. These are activities you can do either before, during, or after a course.

Career center

Learners who complete Structural Racism: Causes of Health Inequities in the U.S. will develop knowledge and skills that may be useful to these careers:
Public Health Researcher
Public Health Researchers lead the research and implementation of public health programs that affect communities and populations at large. This course will provide a thorough foundation of the historical structures and current policies influencing health inequities, which can help Public Health Researchers better structure programs and policies designed to reduce these inequities.
Epidemiologist
Epidemiologists investigate the causes of disease and other health problems in populations. This course will help Epidemiologists understand the historical and systemic reasons behind the health inequities they observe in their work, allowing them to better interpret their findings and make more informed recommendations.
Sociologist
Sociologists study human societies and how individuals and groups interact within them. This course will help Sociologists understand the social and political factors that contribute to health inequities, providing valuable insights for their research and policy analysis.
Health Policy Analyst
Health Policy Analysts evaluate and develop health policies that impact the health of populations. This course will provide Health Policy Analysts with a deep understanding of the root causes of health inequities, enabling them to design more effective and equitable policies.
Public Health Educator
Public Health Educators work to promote health and prevent disease within communities. This course will equip Public Health Educators with the knowledge and skills to address the social and structural factors that contribute to health inequities, enhancing their ability to develop effective educational programs.
Urban Planner
Urban Planners design and shape the built environment, which has a significant impact on health outcomes. This course will provide Urban Planners with an understanding of the historical and current factors that create health inequities, enabling them to design more equitable and healthy communities.
Community Organizer
Community Organizers work with communities to address social and economic issues, including health inequities. This course will provide Community Organizers with the knowledge and skills to understand the root causes of health inequities and to develop effective strategies for addressing them.
Nonprofit Program Manager
Nonprofit Program Managers oversee the implementation of programs that address social and health issues. This course will help Nonprofit Program Managers understand the historical and systemic factors that contribute to health inequities, enabling them to design more effective programs.
Social Worker
Social Workers provide support and services to individuals and families facing a wide range of challenges, including health issues. This course will provide Social Workers with an understanding of the social and structural factors that contribute to health inequities, enabling them to better support their clients.
Health Communicator
Health Communicators develop and disseminate health information to the public. This course will provide Health Communicators with the knowledge and skills to address the social and structural factors that contribute to health inequities, enabling them to develop more effective communication campaigns.
Health Administrator
Health Administrators oversee the operations of healthcare organizations. This course will provide Health Administrators with an understanding of the historical and systemic factors that contribute to health inequities, enabling them to create more equitable and inclusive healthcare systems.
Healthcare Policy Analyst
Healthcare Policy Analysts evaluate and develop health policies that impact the healthcare system. This course will provide Healthcare Policy Analysts with an understanding of the root causes of health inequities, enabling them to design more effective and equitable policies.
Health Insurance Underwriter
Health Insurance Underwriters assess risk and determine premiums for health insurance policies. This course may be helpful in providing Health Insurance Underwriters with a broader understanding of the factors that contribute to health inequities, which could inform their risk assessment and underwriting decisions.
Medical Assistant
Medical Assistants provide administrative and clinical support to healthcare providers. This course may be helpful in providing Medical Assistants with a better understanding of the social and structural factors that contribute to health inequities, which could enhance their ability to support patients and providers effectively.
Health Educator
Health Educators develop and implement educational programs to promote health and prevent disease. This course may be helpful in providing Health Educators with a deeper understanding of the root causes of health inequities, which could inform their program development and delivery.

Reading list

We've selected 15 books that we think will supplement your learning. Use these to develop background knowledge, enrich your coursework, and gain a deeper understanding of the topics covered in Structural Racism: Causes of Health Inequities in the U.S..
This classic work of literature provides a powerful and moving account of the experiences and struggles faced by Black Americans, offering a deeper understanding of the impact of racism.
Uncovers the disturbing history of medical experimentation on Black Americans, highlighting the ongoing legacy of racial bias in healthcare.
This influential work analyzes the psychological and social effects of colonialism and racism, providing a broader perspective on the global struggle for racial justice.
Provides a detailed examination of the history of racial segregation in the US, exposing the role of government policies in creating and maintaining racial inequality.
Offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the concept of racism throughout history. It provides a firm background on the topic.
Explores the ways in which mass incarceration perpetuates racial inequality in the US, even in the absence of explicit Jim Crow laws.
Provides a practical framework for individuals to identify and challenge racist ideas and behaviors, both within themselves and in society.
Presents a powerful and personal perspective on the importance of intersectionality and the need for transformative social movements that prioritize the most marginalized.
Challenges the traditional approach to policing, arguing for a transformative shift towards community-based alternatives to address the root causes of crime and social inequality.
Offers a conversational and accessible approach to understanding and discussing race in the US, addressing common questions and misconceptions.
Offers insights into the psychological and emotional reactions of white people when confronted with discussions of race and racism, helping readers understand the challenges of addressing racial inequality.
Analyzes the history and present reality of racial bias within the criminal justice system, focusing on the disproportionate impact on Black men.

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