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Phases of Matter

Solid, Liquid, Gas and Beyond

Rahul Nandkishore

Complex systems can exhibit emergent phenomena, wherein the interplay of simple underlying rules governing the constituent parts leads to rich and unexpected behavior of the whole. Condensed matter physics is the branch of physics devoted to understanding such emergence in physical systems. It is the largest subfield of physics, and has developed a wealth of ideas and techniques for taming complexity. The course provides an introduction to this physics of emergence.

The course is aimed at a general audience. It assumes familiarity with algebra, and passing familiarity with basic concepts such as atoms and energy, but does not assume knowledge of advanced physics or mathematics. It is the first of a series of three courses introducing the key ideas of modern condensed matter physics. However, it can also be taken as a standalone course.

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What's inside

Syllabus

Emergent Phenomena and Phases of Matter

This module introduces the notion of emergent phenomena, and a central application of this notion: phases of matter. We define what constitutes a phase of matter, and explain that there are many phases beyond the familiar trio of solid, liquid, and gas.

Symmetries and Symmetry Breaking

This module introduces the notion of symmetries, which provide a powerful tool for thinking about phases of matter. It also introduces the notion of spontaneous symmetry breaking.

Energy, Entropy and Phase Structure

This module introduces the concepts of energy, entropy and explains how the competition between them can drive phase transitions.

Mean Field Theory

In this module, you will learn a powerful tool for analyzing phases that are classified by symmetries, known as mean field theory. You will learn to apply this tool.

Good to know

Know what's good

, what to watch for

, and possible dealbreakers

Introduces condensed matter physics, an important field with wide range of applications

Designed for beginners, assumes basic algebra knowledge and familiarity with atoms and energy

Provides a foundation for a series of three courses on condensed matter physics

Covers emergent phenomena, phases of matter, symmetries, energy, entropy, and mean field theory

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Career center

Learners who complete Phases of Matter: Solid, Liquid, Gas and Beyond will develop knowledge and skills that may be useful to these careers:

Nanotechnologist

A Nanotechnologist designs, builds, and tests devices and materials at the nanoscale. Nanotechnology has applications in energy, medical research, and computing. The course's focus on properties of matter will help provide a foundational knowledge needed to build the devices and materials needed in the field of nanotechnology.

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Materials Scientist

A Materials Scientist explores the relationship between the structure and properties of new materials. Some industries Materials Scientists work in include medical technology, environmental protection, and electronics. The course's focus on emergent phenomena and phases of matter, will help build the foundational knowledge to improve the design and production of new materials.

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Biophysicist

A Biophysicist applies the theories and methods of physics to biological systems. Some of the work Biophysicists do includes cell membrane research, biomechanics, and microscopy of cells. A strong foundation in the physics of condensed matter will help build the skills needed to understand and advance the theories and methods used in biophysics.

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Nuclear Engineer

A Nuclear Engineer researches, designs, and tests nuclear systems and processes for applications such as power plants, medical treatment, and nuclear weapons. This course's study of phases of matter will provide a good foundation for understanding the behavior of radioactive materials.

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Research Scientist

A Research Scientist conducts scientific research in a variety of fields, including physics, biology, and chemistry. They work in a variety of settings, including universities, government laboratories, and private companies. The course's focus on emergent phenomena and phases of matter may be useful.

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Polymer Scientist

A Polymer Scientist studies the behavior of polymers, which are large molecules made up of repeating units. They work in a variety of industries, including plastics, coatings, and pharmaceuticals. The course's focus on the properties of matter may be useful.

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Optical Engineer

An Optical Engineer designs, builds, and tests optical devices and systems in fields such as communications, medicine, and manufacturing. The course's focus on the properties of light and matter, as well as energy and entropy, may be useful.

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Quality Control Inspector

A Quality Control Inspector ensures that products and services meet quality standards. They work in a variety of industries, including manufacturing, healthcare, and food production. The course's focus on the properties of matter may be useful for understanding the quality of materials and products.

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Science Teacher

A Science Teacher teaches science at the elementary, middle, or high school level. They develop and implement lesson plans, grade papers, and provide feedback to students. The course's focus on emergent phenomena and phases of matter may be useful for understanding the concepts taught in science classes.

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Statistician

A Statistician collects, analyzes, and interprets data. They work in a variety of fields, including finance, healthcare, and marketing. The course's focus on emergent phenomena and phases of matter may be useful for understanding the complex patterns and relationships in data.

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Technical Writer

A Technical Writer creates and edits technical documentation, such as user manuals, white papers, and training materials. They work in a variety of industries, including technology, manufacturing, and healthcare. The course's focus on emergent phenomena and phases of matter may be useful for understanding the complex concepts and technologies that are often described in technical writing.

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Project Manager

A Project Manager plans, executes, and closes projects. They work in a variety of industries, including construction, engineering, and software development. The course's focus on emergent phenomena and phases of matter may be useful for understanding the complexities of project management.

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Technology Consultant

A Technology Consultant advises clients on the use of technology. They work in a variety of industries, including technology, healthcare, and finance. The course's focus on emergent phenomena and phases of matter may be useful for understanding the complex interactions between technology and business.

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Software Engineer

A Software Engineer designs, develops, and tests software applications. They work in a variety of industries, including technology, finance, and healthcare. The course's focus on emergent phenomena and phases of matter may be useful for understanding the complex interactions between software components.

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Technical Sales Representative

A Technical Sales Representative sells technical products and services. They work in a variety of industries, including technology, manufacturing, and healthcare. The course's focus on emergent phenomena and phases of matter may be useful for understanding the complex technologies and concepts that are often sold in technical sales.

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Reading list

We've selected 12 books that we think will supplement your learning. Use these to develop background knowledge, enrich your coursework, and gain a deeper understanding of the topics covered in Phases of Matter: Solid, Liquid, Gas and Beyond.

Research Methods for Science