Pensamento crítico: tomada de decisões fundamentadas from edX

A tomada de decisões no mundo de hoje, um mundo em crescente complexidade, com amplas mudanças e incertezas, cria a necessidade de abordagens que permitam discernir os problemas reais e as causas que os originam. Identificar quais são esses problemas, na maioria dos casos, exige desafiar as suposições nas quais baseamos nossos julgamentos, em relação ao mundo e suas realidades.

Poderíamos definir o pensamento crítico como "aquele modo de pensar - sobre qualquer assunto, conteúdo ou problema - em que o pensador melhora a qualidade de seu pensamento apreendendo as estruturas inerentes ao ato de pensar e sujeitando-as a padrões intelectuais". O pensamento crítico ajuda na tomada de decisões em uma empresa, na seleção da melhor ação para a organização.

Neste curso de pensamento crítico, o aluno aprenderá a conhecer suas tendências, aproximações e suposições nas quais se baseiam suas reflexões e condições e seus resultados derivados de suas formas de pensar. Esse pensamento reflexivo é o exame ativo, cuidadoso e persistente de todas as crenças à luz dos fundamentos que a sustentam e das conclusões a que tende.

S decisões fundamentadas exigidas pelo mundo são dadas em diversas áreas, especialmente nas decisões de negócios, relacionadas a estratégias, na solução de problemas nas organizações, na solução de problemas sociais e na responsabilidade social e ética de corporações. Neste curso on-line, as abordagens serão orientadas para analisar o pensamento crítico necessário para essas áreas.

What's inside

Learning objectives

• identificar as teorias do conhecimento que sustentam o pensamento crítico
• empregar uma metodologia para a aplicação do pensamento crítico
• relacionar os elementos que compõem os estágios do pensamento crítico
• analisar os padrões da prática do pensamento crítico

• avaliar a responsabilidade de perpetuar os valores intelectuais da análise de resolução
• distinguir os vícios do pensamento na tomada de decisão
• aplicação do pensamento crítico em grupos

• identificar as teorias do conhecimento que sustentam o pensamento crítico
• empregar uma metodologia para a aplicação do pensamento crítico
• relacionar os elementos que compõem os estágios do pensamento crítico
• analisar os padrões da prática do pensamento crítico
• avaliar a responsabilidade de perpetuar os valores intelectuais da análise de resolução
• distinguir os vícios do pensamento na tomada de decisão
• aplicação do pensamento crítico em grupos

Syllabus

Tema 1. Pensando à altura de nosso tempo

1.1. Por que pensar criticamente?

1.2. Entrando no emocionante mundo do criticismo e do pensamento crítico

Tema 2. Avaliando nossas maneiras de pensar

2.1. Valores intelectuais de um bom pensador

2.2. Avaliando nossas habilidades de pensamento. Evitando os vieses e vícios do pensamento

Tema 3. Elementos e padrões do pensamento crítico

3.1. Elementos que compõem os vários estágios do pensamento crítico

3.2. Padrões que guiam o pensamento

Tema 4. Articulando nossas decisões

4.1. A lógica de nossas decisões e os comportamentos deles derivados.

4.2. Como melhorar nossos hábitos de pensar e nos tornar num pensador reflexivo. (aberto e imparcial)

Good to know

Know what's good

, what to watch for

, and possible dealbreakers

El curso enfatiza el pensamiento crítico como una herramienta para tomar decisiones acertadas en entornos complejos y cambiantes

Desarrolla habilidades analíticas y de resolución de problemas que son esenciales para el éxito en los negocios y la vida

Fomenta la comprensión de los sesgos cognitivos y los obstáculos para el pensamiento crítico, lo que permite a los alumnos mejorar sus procesos de toma de decisiones

Impartido por instructores con amplia experiencia en el campo del pensamiento crítico y la toma de decisiones

Requiere una participación activa y la aplicación de principios de pensamiento crítico a escenarios del mundo real, lo que fomenta el aprendizaje práctico

Activities

Be better prepared before your course. Deepen your understanding during and after it. Supplement your coursework and achieve mastery of the topics covered in Pensamento crítico: tomada de decisões fundamentadas with these activities:

Leer 'Razonamiento crítico', de Steven Pinker

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Revisa los conceptos fundamentales del pensamiento crítico y su importancia en la toma de decisiones.

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Lee el capítulo 1, 'La importancia del pensamiento crítico'.
Identifica los principales argumentos y ejemplos presentados en el libro.
Resume los conceptos clave en tus propias palabras.

Participar en discusiones en grupo sobre temas de pensamiento crítico

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Intercambia ideas y perspectivas con otros estudiantes para ampliar tu comprensión del pensamiento crítico.

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Asiste a sesiones de discusión o crea un grupo de estudio.
Prepárate para discutir los temas de pensamiento crítico asignados.
Participa activamente en las discusiones, compartiendo tus ideas y escuchando las de los demás.

Ejercicios de identificación de sesgos cognitivos

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Mejora tu capacidad para identificar y mitigar los sesgos cognitivos en tu propio pensamiento.

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Familiarízate con diferentes tipos de sesgos cognitivos.
Completa ejercicios que requieran identificar sesgos en escenarios específicos.

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Escribir un ensayo sobre un tema relacionado con el pensamiento crítico

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Desarrolla tus habilidades de escritura y organiza tus pensamientos sobre un tema específico relacionado con el pensamiento crítico.

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Identifica un tema que te interese y que esté relacionado con el curso.
Investiga y recopila información sobre el tema.
Crea un bosquejo que organice tus ideas y argumentos.
Escribe un borrador del ensayo, apoyando tus afirmaciones con evidencia.
Revisa y edita tu ensayo para mejorar la claridad y la precisión.

Career center

Learners who complete Pensamento crítico: tomada de decisões fundamentadas will develop knowledge and skills that may be useful to these careers:

Consultant

Consultants may assist their clients in finding and implementing ways to critically evaluate and improve business operations and other processes. They will need to be able to make well-reasoned decisions, and may also need to train clients in how to do the same. Thoughtful decision-making helps clients stay competitive and profitable. If you wish to enter a career in consulting, or if you are already a Consultant and would like to enhance your capabilities, this course would be a valuable addition to your training.

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Data Scientist

Data Scientists utilize critical thinking and problem-solving skills on a daily basis, with much of their work done via computers and statistical analysis. This work is often not straightforward and requires the exercise of critical thinking skills and the ability to make well-informed decisions. By taking this course, you may be able to sharpen your current critical thinking skills and learn new strategies for recognizing and addressing problems, making you a more capable Data Scientist.

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Business Analyst

Business Analysts critically examine a company's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in order to make recommendations for improvement, or to find new opportunities for growth. Critical thinking skills are central to the work of a Business Analyst, and they must make recommendations for decisions that are well-informed and strategically sound. If you are interested in a career as a Business Analyst, taking this course would be a good way to gain or enhance a critical thinking approach and learn proven methods for making fact-based decisions.

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Accountant

Accountants use critical thinking and problem-solving skills when making decisions that could have a significant impact on an organization's finances and operations. These decisions often have unclear outcomes and require training to handle. This course could help you build a solid foundation in critical thinking and problem-solving, assisting you in your path to becoming an Accountant.

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Economist

Economists gather, analyze, and interpret data to make recommendations on economic policy. Critical thinking is essential for Economists, and they must learn to make fact-informed decisions in order to provide optimal advice. If you're interested in becoming an Economist, taking this course would be a good way to gain or enhance foundational knowledge of critical thinking and problem-solving.

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Financial Analyst

Financial Analysts must use critical thinking to guide their work, which often involves making decisions that may have a significant impact on a company's financial health. This course may help you to enhance your skills in critical thinking and problem-solving as they relate to your work as a Financial Analyst.

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Marketing Manager

Marketing Managers use a variety of skills to make decisions that affect the success of their marketing campaigns. These decisions require creativity and critical thinking, and they must be informed by data and research. By taking this course, you may be able to gain a better understanding of critical thinking and problem-solving as they relate to the field of marketing, giving you an edge over your competition in the job market.

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Product Manager

Product Managers use critical thinking and problem-solving skills to make decisions about the development and marketing of products. These decisions can have a major impact on the success of a product, so it is important for Product Managers to have a strong foundation in analytical thinking and reasoning. This course may help you to build a solid foundation in critical thinking and problem-solving, skills that are indispensable to Product Managers.

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Risk Manager

Risk Managers use critical thinking and problem-solving skills to identify, assess, and manage risks. These risks can come in many forms, such as financial risks, operational risks, and compliance risks to name a few. By taking this course, you may be able to gain a better understanding of critical thinking and problem-solving as they relate to risk management. This could give you an edge over your competition in the job market and help you to succeed in your career as a Risk Manager.

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Software Engineer

Software Engineers need to be able to think critically in order to design, develop, and test software. They also need to be able to make decisions about the best way to implement a particular feature or fix a bug. This course may help you to develop your critical thinking skills and learn new problem-solving techniques to aid in your Software Engineering career.

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Statistician

Statisticians use critical thinking and problem-solving skills to collect, analyze, interpret, and present data. This data can be used to make informed decisions about a variety of topics, such as public health, marketing, and finance. This course may be a valuable addition to your education and career path if you want to become a Statistician, because it may help you to improve your critical thinking skills and your ability to make sound judgments based on data.

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Systems Analyst

Systems Analysts use critical thinking to design and implement computer systems that meet the needs of an organization. They must be able to think clearly and logically in order to identify problems and develop solutions. This course can help you to improve your critical thinking skills and learn how to apply them to systems analysis.

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Technical Writer

Technical Writers need to be able to think critically in order to understand complex technical information and write clear and concise documentation. This course would be a valuable addition to your education, potentially helping you to become a skilled Technical Writer.

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User Experience Designer

User Experience Designers must be able to think critically in order to understand the needs of users and design interfaces that are both user-friendly and efficient. This course may be useful if you would like to break into the field of User Experience Design, or if you are already a User Experience Designer looking to improve your critical thinking skills and problem-solving methods.

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Web Developer

Web Developers use critical thinking to design and develop websites that meet the needs of users. They must be able to think clearly and logically in order to identify problems and develop solutions. This course may be useful for your career as a Web Developer by helping you to enhance or build a foundation in critical thinking and problem-solving.

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