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Cristina Bicchieri

This is a course on social norms, the rules that glue societies together. It teaches how to diagnose social norms, and how to distinguish them from other social constructs, like customs or conventions. These distinctions are crucial for effective policy interventions aimed to create new, beneficial norms or eliminate harmful ones. The course teaches how to measure social norms and the expectations that support them, and how to decide whether they cause specific behaviors. The course is a joint Penn-UNICEF project, and it includes many examples of norms that sustain behaviors like child marriage, gender violence and sanitation practices.

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This is a course on social norms, the rules that glue societies together. It teaches how to diagnose social norms, and how to distinguish them from other social constructs, like customs or conventions. These distinctions are crucial for effective policy interventions aimed to create new, beneficial norms or eliminate harmful ones. The course teaches how to measure social norms and the expectations that support them, and how to decide whether they cause specific behaviors. The course is a joint Penn-UNICEF project, and it includes many examples of norms that sustain behaviors like child marriage, gender violence and sanitation practices.

This is Part 1 of the Social Norms, Social Change series. In these lectures, I introduce all the basic concepts and definitions, such as social expectations and conditional preferences, that help us distinguish between different types of social practices like customs, descriptive norms and social norms. Expectations and preferences can be measured, and these lectures explain how to measure them. Measurement is crucial to understanding the nature of the practice you are facing, as well as whether an intervention was or was not successful, and why. In Part 2, we will put into practice all we have learned in Part 1.

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What's inside

Syllabus

Interdependent & Independent Actions + Empirical Expectations
Welcome Social Norms, Social Change. This course aims to give you the tools to understand, measure, and change collective practices. This module focuses on two of the basic building blocks the theory of social norms is built on: the distinction between interdependent and independent behavior, and empirical expectations.
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Normative Expectations + Personal Normative Beliefs
This module adds two more of the basic building blocks of the theory: normative expectations and personal normative beliefs. Although both are "normative" — that is, both have a component dealing with a "should" — there are important differences between normative expectations and personal normative beliefs.
Conditional Preferences + Social Norms
In this module we cover two topics: conditional preferences and social norms. Conditional preferences are the final basic building block of the theory of social norms. After studying all these building blocks, we can finally assemble them to understand what it means for a collective practice to be a social norm.
Pluralistic Ignorance + Measuring Norms
This module covers two important topics: pluralistic ignorance and norm measurement. Sometimes individuals endorse their social norms, but sometimes they do not. Knowing when a norm is endorsed is crucial for intervention. But how do we know we are dealing with a social norm or whether it's endorsed? Measurement answers that question.

Good to know

Know what's good
, what to watch for
, and possible dealbreakers
Teaches essential concepts in social norms, such as expectations and preferences
Examines the measurement and endorsement of social norms, providing a practical foundation
Features examples from child marriage, gender violence, and sanitation practices, providing real-world context
Instructors have expertise in social norms and behavior, ensuring a strong theoretical foundation
Part of a series on social norms, enabling learners to delve deeper into the topic

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Reviews summary

Adequate start in social norms

Learners say this course adequately sets the foundation for understanding social norms and related concepts across cultures. Note that some lectures may be unclear, especially during the first few weeks, and it's recommended to take notes to keep up with the complex vocabulary and concepts introduced.
Uses examples from around the world, especially from Unicef.
To keep up, it's important to take notes.
"I found it important to take notes."
Covers basic concepts and creates framework for understanding social norms.
"This first class creates the vocabulary and concept framework to understand social norms, customs, beliefs, expectations, etc."
The student discussion is limited.
"student discussion functionality is weak"
Early lectures are unclear, and the course is very academic.
"First two weeks were a waste of time and generally unclear."

Activities

Be better prepared before your course. Deepen your understanding during and after it. Supplement your coursework and achieve mastery of the topics covered in Social Norms, Social Change I with these activities:
Brush up on basic economics and sociology
Reviewing these foundational concepts will provide a strong footing for understanding the complex interplay of social norms.
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Show steps
  • Reread introductory textbooks or notes from previous courses.
  • Complete practice problems and exercises to test your understanding.
  • Attend a workshop or refresher course on the topic.
Identify social expectations and norms
Practice distinguishing between social expectations and norms to build a strong foundation for understanding the course material.
Browse courses on Social Norms
Show steps
  • Read the course module on social expectations and norms
  • Complete the practice exercises at the end of the module
Read 'Norms and Social Action' by Michael Hechter
This classic work provides a comprehensive overview of the theory of social norms, laying a solid theoretical foundation.
Show steps
  • Read each chapter thoroughly, taking notes on key concepts and arguments.
  • Summarize the main points of each chapter in your own words.
  • Engage in discussions with classmates or online forums to deepen your understanding.
Eight other activities
Expand to see all activities and additional details
Show all 11 activities
Discuss the role of social norms in shaping behavior
Engage in peer discussion to explore the complex relationship between social norms and individual behavior.
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Show steps
  • Form a small group with other students
  • Prepare talking points on the assigned topic
  • Facilitate a discussion on the role of social norms in shaping behavior
  • Summarize the key points and insights from the discussion
Follow video tutorials on measuring social norms
These tutorials will provide practical guidance on how to conduct empirical research on social norms, equipping you with valuable skills.
Browse courses on Research Methods
Show steps
  • Identify relevant online tutorials and resources.
  • Follow the tutorials step-by-step and complete any exercises or quizzes.
  • Apply the techniques learned in the tutorials to a small-scale research project of your own.
Complete exercises on identifying and analyzing social norms
Regular practice will sharpen your ability to recognize and interpret social norms in various contexts.
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  • Find online exercises or create your own scenarios.
  • Analyze the scenarios, identify the social norms present, and explain their implications.
  • Discuss your findings with others to gain diverse perspectives.
Develop a case study on a social norm
Deepen understanding of social norms by creating a case study that explores its characteristics and impact.
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  • Choose a specific social norm to focus on
  • Research the norm and gather data on its prevalence, enforcement, and consequences
  • Analyze the data and identify the key factors that shape the norm
  • Write a report that presents your findings and insights
Develop a presentation on a specific social norm
Creating a presentation will challenge you to synthesize your understanding of a particular social norm and communicate it effectively.
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Show steps
  • Choose a specific social norm to focus on.
  • Research the topic thoroughly to gather evidence and insights.
  • Organize your content into a logical and engaging presentation.
  • Practice your presentation and incorporate feedback.
Volunteer with an organization focused on promoting social change
Real-world experience in promoting social change will provide insights into the practical application of social norms.
Browse courses on Social Change
Show steps
  • Identify a non-profit organization or community group that aligns with your interests.
  • Contact the organization and inquire about volunteer opportunities.
  • Participate in activities that promote social norms and positive change.
Mentor younger students or peers in understanding social norms
Mentoring others will reinforce your understanding of social norms while fostering a sense of community.
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Show steps
  • Identify opportunities to mentor through university programs or community initiatives.
  • Share your knowledge and insights on social norms with your mentees.
  • Provide guidance and support to help mentees develop their own understanding of the topic.
Organize and summarize the key takeaways from the course
Synthesizing your notes and identifying the most important concepts will enhance your recall and deepen your understanding.
Browse courses on Note-Taking
Show steps
  • Review your class notes, readings, and other materials.
  • Identify key themes, concepts, and theories related to social norms.
  • Create a summary document that outlines the main takeaways.

Career center

Learners who complete Social Norms, Social Change I will develop knowledge and skills that may be useful to these careers:
Social Norms Specialist
A Social Norms Specialist designs, implements, and evaluates interventions to change social norms and behaviors. This course provides a strong foundation for this role by teaching how to diagnose social norms, measure them, and understand the conditions under which they cause specific behaviors. With this knowledge, a Social Norms Specialist can more effectively develop and implement interventions to change harmful norms and promote beneficial ones.
Social Change Agent
A Social Change Agent works to create positive social change by advocating for policy changes, organizing community groups, and educating the public. This course provides valuable tools for a Social Change Agent by teaching how to diagnose social norms, measure them, and understand how to change them. With this knowledge, a Social Change Agent can more effectively identify and address the social norms that are阻碍ing progress.
Policy Analyst
A Policy Analyst researches, analyzes, and makes recommendations on public policy issues. This course provides a strong foundation for this role by teaching how to diagnose social norms, measure them, and understand how to change them. With this knowledge, a Policy Analyst can more effectively develop and evaluate policies that are informed by an understanding of social norms.
Program Manager
A Program Manager plans, implements, and evaluates social programs. This course provides valuable tools for a Program Manager by teaching how to diagnose social norms, measure them, and understand how to change them. With this knowledge, a Program Manager can more effectively design and implement programs that are tailored to the specific social norms of the target population.
Community Organizer
A Community Organizer works with community members to identify and address local issues. This course provides valuable tools for a Community Organizer by teaching how to diagnose social norms, measure them, and understand how to change them. With this knowledge, a Community Organizer can more effectively identify and address the social norms that are阻碍ing progress in the community.
Survey Researcher
A Survey Researcher designs, conducts, and analyzes surveys to collect data on social issues. This course provides valuable tools for a Survey Researcher by teaching how to measure social norms and expectations. With this knowledge, a Survey Researcher can more effectively design surveys that collect accurate and reliable data on social norms.
Behavioral Scientist
A Behavioral Scientist studies human behavior and develops interventions to change behavior. This course provides valuable tools for a Behavioral Scientist by teaching how to diagnose social norms, measure them, and understand how to change them. With this knowledge, a Behavioral Scientist can more effectively develop and implement interventions that are tailored to the specific social norms of the target population.
Social Psychologist
A Social Psychologist studies the social and cognitive processes that influence human behavior. This course provides valuable tools for a Social Psychologist by teaching how to diagnose social norms, measure them, and understand how to change them. With this knowledge, a Social Psychologist can more effectively study the role of social norms in human behavior.
Anthropologist
An Anthropologist studies human societies and cultures. This course provides valuable tools for an Anthropologist by teaching how to diagnose social norms, measure them, and understand how to change them. With this knowledge, an Anthropologist can more effectively study the role of social norms in human societies.
Sociologist
A Sociologist studies social behavior and institutions. This course provides valuable tools for a Sociologist by teaching how to diagnose social norms, measure them, and understand how to change them. With this knowledge, a Sociologist can more effectively study the role of social norms in social behavior and institutions.
Economist
An Economist studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. This course may be useful for an Economist by providing tools to understand the role of social norms in economic behavior. With this knowledge, an Economist can more effectively study the impact of social norms on economic outcomes.
Political Scientist
A Political Scientist studies the theory and practice of government and politics. This course may be useful for a Political Scientist by providing tools to understand the role of social norms in political behavior. With this knowledge, a Political Scientist can more effectively study the impact of social norms on political outcomes.
Historian
A Historian studies the past and uses it to understand the present. This course may be useful for a Historian by providing tools to understand the role of social norms in historical events. With this knowledge, a Historian can more effectively study the impact of social norms on historical outcomes.
Lawyer
A Lawyer advises and represents clients in legal matters. This course may be useful for a Lawyer by providing tools to understand the role of social norms in legal decision-making. With this knowledge, a Lawyer can more effectively advise and represent clients in cases involving social norms.
Teacher
A Teacher educates students at the primary or secondary level. This course may be useful for a Teacher by providing tools to understand the role of social norms in the classroom. With this knowledge, a Teacher can more effectively create a positive and productive learning environment for their students.

Reading list

We've selected 28 books that we think will supplement your learning. Use these to develop background knowledge, enrich your coursework, and gain a deeper understanding of the topics covered in Social Norms, Social Change I.
Provides a comprehensive overview of the theory of social norms, including the basic concepts and definitions, the different types of social norms, and the measurement of social norms. It is an essential read for anyone interested in understanding social norms and their role in society.
Provides a rigorous theoretical and empirical analysis of social norms. It must-read for anyone who wants to understand the foundations of social norms.
Provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research on social norms, including their origins, development, and function. It valuable resource for anyone interested in understanding the role of social norms in human behavior.
Provides a psychological perspective on the role of social norms in shaping our behavior.
Explores the evolutionary origins of social norms. It valuable resource for anyone who wants to understand the deep roots of social norms in human behavior.
Explores the relationship between social norms and the law. It valuable resource for anyone who wants to understand how social norms influence the development and enforcement of laws.
Explores the role of social norms in health. It valuable resource for anyone who wants to understand how social norms can be used to promote healthy behaviors.
Explores the role of social norms in environmental protection. It valuable resource for anyone who wants to understand how social norms can be used to promote sustainable behaviors.
Explores the role of social norms in social policy. It valuable resource for anyone who wants to understand how social norms can be used to design and implement effective social policies.
Explores the role of social norms in international relations. It valuable resource for anyone who wants to understand how social norms can be used to promote peace and cooperation.
Provides a case study of the role of social norms in social change in the United States. It valuable resource for anyone who wants to understand how social norms can be used to promote social change.
Provides a cross-cultural perspective on the role of social norms in social change. It valuable resource for anyone who wants to understand how social norms vary across cultures and how they can be used to promote social change in different contexts.
Explores the relationship between social norms and capitalism. It valuable resource for anyone who wants to understand how social norms shape the development and functioning of capitalist societies.
This textbook provides a comprehensive overview of social psychology, including the study of social norms. It valuable resource for anyone interested in learning more about social norms and their role in society.
This handbook provides a comprehensive overview of the field of social norms research. It valuable resource for anyone interested in learning more about social norms and their role in society.
Explores the relationship between social norms and social change. It valuable resource for anyone interested in understanding how social norms can be changed.
Provides a philosophical perspective on social norms. It valuable resource for anyone interested in understanding the ethical foundations of social norms.
Explores the role of social norms in political behavior. It valuable resource for anyone interested in understanding how social norms can be used to promote political participation and engagement.
Explores the role of social norms in environmental protection. It valuable resource for anyone interested in understanding how social norms can be used to promote environmental sustainability.
Explores the role of social norms in economic development. It valuable resource for anyone interested in understanding how social norms can be used to promote economic growth and development.
Provides a practical guide to understanding and using social norms to influence behavior. It valuable resource for anyone interested in using social norms to create positive change.
Provides a detailed analysis of how social norms emerge and are sustained in different social contexts.
Provides an anthropological perspective on the role of social norms in different cultures.

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