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Mark S. Lundstrom and Dallas Morisette

This course provides the essential foundations required to understand the operation of semiconductor devices such as transistors, diodes, solar cells, light-emitting devices, and more. The material will primarily appeal to electrical engineering students whose interests are in applications of semiconductor devices in circuits and systems. The treatment is physical and intuitive, and not heavily mathematical.

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This course provides the essential foundations required to understand the operation of semiconductor devices such as transistors, diodes, solar cells, light-emitting devices, and more. The material will primarily appeal to electrical engineering students whose interests are in applications of semiconductor devices in circuits and systems. The treatment is physical and intuitive, and not heavily mathematical.

Technology users will gain an understanding of the semiconductor physics that is the basis for devices. Semiconductor technology developers may find it a useful starting point for diving deeper into condensed matter physics, statistical mechanics, thermodynamics, and materials science. The course presents an electrical engineering perspective on semiconductors, but those in other fields may find it a useful introduction to the approach that has guided the development of semiconductor technology for the past 50+ years.

Students taking this course will be required to complete two (2) proctored exams using the edX online Proctortrack software.
Completed exams will be scanned and sent using Gradescope for grading.

Semiconductor Fundamentals is one course in a growing suite of unique, 1-credit-hour short courses being developed in an edX/Purdue University collaboration. Students may elect to pursue a verified certificate for this specific course alone or as one of the six courses needed for the edX/Purdue MicroMasters program in Nanoscience and Technology. For further information and other courses offered and planned, please see the Nanoscience and Technology page. Courses like this can also apply toward a Purdue University MSECE degree for students accepted into the full master’s program.

What you'll learn

Students will learn about the following specific topics:

  • energy bands
  • band gaps
  • effective masses
  • electrons and holes
  • basics of quantum mechanics
  • the Fermi function
  • the density-of-states
  • intrinsic carrier density
  • doping and carrier concentrations
  • carrier transport
  • generation-recombination
  • quasi-Fermi levels
  • the semiconductor equations
  • energy band diagrams

Among the important learning objectives, the course will introduce learners to the process of drawing and interpreting energy band diagrams. Energy band diagrams are a powerful, conceptual way to qualitatively understand the operation of semiconductor devices. In a concise way, they encapsulate most of the device-relevant specifics of semiconductor physics. Drawing and interpreting an energy band diagram is the first step in understanding the operation of a device.

This course material is typically covered in the first few weeks of an introductory semiconductor device course, but this class provides a fresh perspective informed by new understanding of electronics at the nanoscale.

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What's inside

Learning objectives

  • Energy bands
  • Band gaps
  • Effective masses
  • Electrons and holes
  • Basics of quantum mechanics
  • The fermi function
  • The density-of-states
  • Intrinsic carrier density
  • Doping and carrier concentrations
  • Carrier transport
  • Generation-recombination
  • Quasi-fermi levels
  • The semiconductor equations
  • Energy band diagrams
  • Students will learn about the following specific topics:
  • Among the important learning objectives, the course will introduce learners to the process of drawing and interpreting energy band diagrams. energy band diagrams are a powerful, conceptual way to qualitatively understand the operation of semiconductor devices. in a concise way, they encapsulate most of the device-relevant specifics of semiconductor physics. drawing and interpreting an energy band diagram is the first step in understanding the operation of a device.
  • This course material is typically covered in the first few weeks of an introductory semiconductor device course, but this class provides a fresh perspective informed by new understanding of electronics at the nanoscale.

Syllabus

Week 1: Materials Properties and Doping
Energy levels to energy bands
Crystalline, polycrystalline, and amorphous semiconductors
Miller indices
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Properties of common semiconductors
Free carriers in semiconductors
Week 2: Rudiments of Quantum Mechanics
The wave equation
Quantum confinement
Quantum tunneling and reflection
Electron waves in crystals
Density of states
Week 3: Equilibrium Carrier Concentration
The Fermi function
Fermi-Dirac integrals
Carrier concentration vs. Fermi level
Carrier concentration vs. doping density
Carrier concentration vs. temperature
Week 4: Carrier Transport, Generation, and Recombination
The Landauer approach
Current from the nanoscale to the macroscale
Drift-diffusion equation
Carrier recombination
Carrier generation
Week 5: The Semiconductor Equations
Mathematical formulation
Energy band diagrams
Quasi-Fermi levels
Minority carrier diffusion equation

Good to know

Know what's good
, what to watch for
, and possible dealbreakers
Explores semiconductor concepts, which is standard in electronics engineering
Emphasizes physical understanding, making it accessible to electrical engineering students
Taught by instructors Dallas Morisette and Mark S. Lundstrom, who are recognized for their work in semiconductor physics
Employs a fresh perspective informed by advancements in nanoscale electronics
Requires proctored exams, which may incur additional costs
Covers fundamental concepts, making it beneficial for learners seeking an introduction to semiconductor physics

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Career center

Learners who complete Semiconductor Fundamentals will develop knowledge and skills that may be useful to these careers:
Solar Cell Engineer
Solar Cell Engineers research, design, develop, and test solar cells. This course may be useful as it provides a foundation in the physics of semiconductor devices such as transistors, diodes, solar cells, and light-emitting devices.
LED Engineer
LED Engineers research, design, develop, and test light-emitting diodes (LEDs). This course may be useful as it provides a foundation in the physics of semiconductor devices such as transistors, diodes, solar cells, and light-emitting devices.
Nanotechnology Engineer
Nanotechnology Engineers research, design, develop, and test nanomaterials and devices. This course may be useful as it introduces learners to the process of drawing and interpreting energy band diagrams. This is a powerful, conceptual way to qualitatively understand the operation of semiconductor devices and is typically covered in the first few weeks of an introductory semiconductor device course.
Semiconductor Device Engineer
Semiconductor Device Engineers research, design, develop, and test semiconductor devices, including transistors, diodes, integrated circuits, and other semiconductor components. This course may be useful as it provides an understanding of the physical and intuitive treatment of semiconductor physics and fundamentals of the field.
Power Electronics Engineer
Power Electronics Engineers research, design, develop, and test power electronic devices and systems. This course may be useful as it provides a foundation in the physics of semiconductor devices such as transistors, diodes, solar cells, and light-emitting devices.
Materials Scientist
Materials Scientists research, develop, and test new materials for use in a variety of applications, including semiconductors. This course may be useful as it provides a foundation in the physics of semiconductor materials and devices such as transistors, diodes, solar cells, and light-emitting devices.
Electro-Optical Engineer
Electro-Optical Engineers research, design, develop, and test electro-optical devices and systems. This course may be useful as it provides a foundation in the physics of semiconductor devices such as transistors, diodes, solar cells, and light-emitting devices.
Process Development Engineer
Process Development Engineers research, design, develop, and test new processes for manufacturing semiconductor devices. This course may be useful as it provides a foundation in the physics of semiconductor devices such as transistors, diodes, solar cells, and light-emitting devices.
Sensor Engineer
Sensor Engineers research, design, develop, and test sensors. This course may be useful as it provides a foundation in the physics of semiconductor devices such as transistors, diodes, solar cells, and light-emitting devices.
Reliability Engineer
Reliability Engineers research, design, develop, and test reliable electronic devices and systems. This course may be useful as it provides a foundation in the physics of semiconductor devices such as transistors, diodes, solar cells, and light-emitting devices.
Failure Analysis Engineer
Failure Analysis Engineers investigate the causes of semiconductor device failures. This course may be useful as it provides an understanding of the physical and intuitive treatment of semiconductor physics and fundamentals of the field.
Electronic Packaging Engineer
Electronic Packaging Engineers research, design, develop, and test electronic packaging and packaging materials. This course may be useful as it provides a foundation in the physics of semiconductor devices such as transistors, diodes, solar cells, and light-emitting devices.
Microelectronics Manufacturing Engineer
Microelectronics Manufacturing Engineers combine their understanding of electronics, semiconductor physics, and manufacturing processes to help invent, design, and produce electronic systems. This course may be useful as it provides a foundation in the physics of semiconductor devices such as transistors, diodes, solar cells, and light-emitting devices.
Yield Engineer
Yield Engineers work to improve the yield of semiconductor devices by identifying and eliminating defects in the manufacturing process. This course may be useful as it provides a solid foundation from which to build on regarding the physical and intuitive treatment of semiconductor physics and fundamentals of the field.
Semiconductor Processing Technician
A Semiconductor Processing Technician works to produce semiconductor wafers and other materials for semiconductor devices. These technicians are an essential part of the semiconductor manufacturing process. This course may be useful as it provides a solid foundation from which to build on regarding the physical and intuitive treatment of semiconductor physics and fundamentals of the field.

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