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Understanding Einstein

The Special Theory of Relativity

Larry Randles Lagerstrom

In this course we will seek to “understand Einstein,” especially focusing on the special theory of relativity that Albert Einstein, as a twenty-six year old patent clerk, introduced in his “miracle year” of 1905. Our goal will be to go behind the myth-making and beyond the popularized presentations of relativity in order to gain a deeper understanding of both Einstein the person and the concepts, predictions, and strange paradoxes of his theory. Some of the questions we will address include: How did Einstein come up with his ideas? What was the nature of his genius? What is the meaning of relativity? What’s “special” about the special theory of relativity? Why did the theory initially seem to be dead on arrival? What does it mean to say that time is the “fourth dimension”? Can time actually run more slowly for one person than another, and the size of things change depending on their velocity? Is time travel possible, and if so, how? Why can’t things travel faster than the speed of light? Is it possible to travel to the center of the galaxy and return in one lifetime? Is there any evidence that definitively confirms the theory, or is it mainly speculation? Why didn’t Einstein win the Nobel Prize for the theory of relativity?

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In this course we will seek to “understand Einstein,” especially focusing on the special theory of relativity that Albert Einstein, as a twenty-six year old patent clerk, introduced in his “miracle year” of 1905. Our goal will be to go behind the myth-making and beyond the popularized presentations of relativity in order to gain a deeper understanding of both Einstein the person and the concepts, predictions, and strange paradoxes of his theory. Some of the questions we will address include: How did Einstein come up with his ideas? What was the nature of his genius? What is the meaning of relativity? What’s “special” about the special theory of relativity? Why did the theory initially seem to be dead on arrival? What does it mean to say that time is the “fourth dimension”? Can time actually run more slowly for one person than another, and the size of things change depending on their velocity? Is time travel possible, and if so, how? Why can’t things travel faster than the speed of light? Is it possible to travel to the center of the galaxy and return in one lifetime? Is there any evidence that definitively confirms the theory, or is it mainly speculation? Why didn’t Einstein win the Nobel Prize for the theory of relativity?

About the instructor: Dr. Larry Lagerstrom is the Director of Academic Programs at Stanford University’s Center for Professional Development, which offers graduate certificates in subjects such as artificial intelligence, cyber security, data mining, nanotechnology, innovation, and management science. He holds degrees in physics, mathematics, and the history of science, has published a book and a TED Ed video on "Young Einstein: From the Doxerl Affair to the Miracle Year," and has had over 30,000 students worldwide enroll in his online course on the special theory of relativity (this course!).

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What's inside

Syllabus

Introduction to the Course, and Einstein in Context
Week 1: Introduction to the Course, and Einstein in Context
Events, Clocks, and Reference Frames
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Week 2: Events, Clocks, and Reference Frames
Ethereal Problems and Solutions
Week 3: Ethereal Problems and Solutions
The Weirdness Begins
Week 4: The Weirdness Begins
Spacetime Switches
Week 5: Spacetime Switches
Breaking the Spacetime Speed Limit
Week 6: Breaking the Spacetime Speed Limit
Paradoxes to Ponder
Week 7: Paradoxes to Ponder
To the Center of the Galaxy and Back
Week 8: To the Center of the Galaxy and Back

Good to know

Know what's good
, what to watch for
, and possible dealbreakers
Explores Einstein's theory of relativity, examining his work and the implications of his ideas
Taught by Dr. Larry Lagerstrom, an expert in physics and the history of science
Provides a comprehensive overview of the special theory of relativity, including its history, concepts, and implications
Suitable for learners with a strong foundation in mathematics and physics
Requires learners to engage with challenging concepts and paradoxes
Emphasizes the interplay between science and history, providing context for Einstein's work

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Reviews summary

Einstein, relativity

learners say this course is largely positive and engaging, with some expressing that it's well received. According to students, the course is well organized, clear, and easy to understand. They appreciate the historical background and context provided by the instructor, as well as the use of examples and diagrams to illustrate complex concepts. The course is also praised for its focus on qualitative understanding rather than mathematical rigor, making it accessible to learners with varying levels of physics and math backgrounds. Students also appreciate the instructor's clear explanations and engaging delivery style. However, some learners have expressed that the course could be more challenging and that they would have preferred a more in-depth exploration of the mathematical aspects of special relativity. Overall, it is a well-structured and engaging course that provides a solid foundation in the special theory of relativity. It is suitable for learners with varying backgrounds, and it can be used as a starting point for further exploration of the topic
Students appreciate the practice and final quizzes, saying they are designed to ensure understanding of the lectures.
"The problem sets should not be optional! These are good student reinforcement opportunities."
"They are designed in such a way that you only get them right if you really understood the lectures."
Students appreciate the historical context and background of Einstein's thinking, finding it helpful for understanding the person of Einstein and his thought process.
"I very much appreciated the historical background material."
"This makes it easier to understand the person of Einstein and the background of his thinking process."
Students appreciate the instructor's clear explanations, engaging delivery style, and use of examples and diagrams to illustrate complex concepts.
"His narration was perfect and articulate, which I ultimately found to be helpful in nourishing and supporting my intellect on all of the deepest insights of special relativity."
"His teaching was honestly amazing, and Stanford is lucky to have him as a teacher."
Students appreciate that the course is well-organized, clear, and easy to understand. They also appreciate the focus on qualitative understanding rather than mathematical rigor, making it accessible to learners with varying levels of physics and math backgrounds.
"The theory of special relativity is presented step by step in an incremental, systematic and progressive manner."
"This includes much repetition and a rather slow pace."
"But don't think to soon that you can skip some parts."
"Relativity is counter-intuitive and often confusing."
"So, be patient and follow the pace of the instructor."
Some learners have expressed that the course could be more challenging and that they would have preferred a more in-depth exploration of the mathematical aspects of special relativity.
"The difficulty: Way too easy."
"The professor seems to assume that the audience is weak in Math & Physics."
"The prerequisites for the course should include at least elementary Mechanics and Vector Algebra."
Some learners have expressed that the course is too slow-paced, with too much repetition and a focus on basic algebra.
"The course is very effective and I can’t wait to attend similar courses."
"The instructor, Larry Lagerstrom, was very knowledgeable."

Activities

Coming soon We're preparing activities for Understanding Einstein: The Special Theory of Relativity. These are activities you can do either before, during, or after a course.

Career center

Learners who complete Understanding Einstein: The Special Theory of Relativity will develop knowledge and skills that may be useful to these careers:
Physicist
Physicists study the laws of nature and the behavior of matter and energy. This course may be useful for you as a physicist as it introduces the special theory of relativity and explores its implications.
Particle Physicist
Particle Physicists study the smallest particles of matter and the forces that act between them. This course may be useful for you as a particle physicist to gain a deeper understanding of the concepts and predictions of Einstein's theory of relativity.
Mathematician
Mathematicians create new mathematical knowledge and solve problems using mathematical techniques. This course may be useful for you as a mathematician as this course introduces the mathematical foundations of Einstein's theory of relativity.
Teacher
Teachers educate students at all levels, from preschool to graduate school. This course may be useful for you as a teacher of physics or science, as it will give you a deeper understanding of the special theory of relativity, which is a fundamental concept in physics.
Science Writer
Science Writers communicate complex scientific concepts to the public. This course may be useful for you as a Science Writer to gain a deeper understanding of the special theory of relativity, which is a fascinating and complex scientific concept.
Research Scientist
Research Scientists conduct scientific research in a variety of fields. This course may be useful for you as a Research Scientist as it will give you a deeper understanding of the special theory of relativity, which is fundamental to many areas of science.
Data Scientist
Data Scientists collect, analyze, and interpret large data sets to extract insights and solve problems. This course may be useful in building a foundation for you as a Data Scientist as an understanding of relativity is increasingly becoming indispensable for machine learning and AI systems.
Operations Research Analyst
Operations Research Analysts develop and use mathematical models to solve complex problems in business, industry, and government. This course may be useful for you as an Operations Research Analyst as an understanding of relativity can aid in solving complex systems problems.
Quantum Physicist
Quantum Physicists study the behavior of matter and energy at the atomic and subatomic level. This course may be useful for you as a Quantum Physicist as an understanding of relativity is increasingly becoming indispensable for quantum physics research.
Software Engineer
Software Engineers design, develop, test, and maintain software systems. This course may be useful for you as a Software Engineer as an understanding of relativity is increasingly becoming indispensable for software systems that simulate physical phenomena.
Nuclear Engineer
Nuclear Engineers research, design, develop, maintain, and operate nuclear power plants and other nuclear facilities. This course may be useful to you as a Nuclear Engineer as an understanding of relativity is increasingly becoming indispensable for nuclear power and fusion technology.
Systems Analyst
Systems Analysts analyze, design, and implement computer systems. This course may be useful for you as a Systems Analyst as an understanding of relativity is increasingly becoming indispensable for complex systems analysis.
Plasma Physicist
Plasma Physicists study the behavior of plasma, the fourth state of matter. This course may be useful for you as a Plasma Physicist as an understanding of relativity is increasingly becoming indispensable for plasma physics research.
Astronomer
Astronomers study celestial bodies and phenomena beyond Earth's atmosphere. This course may be useful in growing your astronomy knowledge and familiarity with Einstein's theory of relativity, which is fundamental to astronomy.
Astrophysicist
Astrophysicists apply the principles of physics to astronomical objects and phenomena. This course may be useful in growing your astrophysics knowledge and familiarity with Einstein's theory of relativity, which is fundamental to astrophysics.

Reading list

We've selected 22 books that we think will supplement your learning. Use these to develop background knowledge, enrich your coursework, and gain a deeper understanding of the topics covered in Understanding Einstein: The Special Theory of Relativity.
Classic introduction to the theory of relativity, written by a renowned physicist. It provides a clear and concise explanation of the basic concepts of relativity, including time dilation, length contraction, and the equivalence of mass and energy.
Classic work on gravitation that provides a comprehensive overview of the subject. It good choice for students who want to learn more about the relationship between gravity and space-time.
Provides a comprehensive introduction to general relativity. It is written for students with a strong background in physics.
Provides a clear and concise introduction to Einstein's theory of special relativity. It is written by one of the most respected physicists of the 20th century.
More advanced treatment of the special theory of relativity, written by a renowned physicist. It provides a detailed explanation of the mathematical foundations of the theory, as well as its implications for our understanding of space and time.
Provides a comprehensive introduction to general relativity, which more advanced topic than special relativity. It good choice for students who want to learn more about the relationship between space and time.
Provides a concise and accessible introduction to Einstein's theory of special relativity. It is written for a general audience and assumes no prior knowledge of physics.
Provides a popular introduction to the science of black holes and time warps. It is written by one of the world's leading physicists.
Classic work on physics that provides a clear and concise introduction to the theory of relativity. It good choice for students who want to learn more about this topic from a different perspective.
Provides a popular introduction to the science of cosmology. It is written by one of the world's leading physicists.
Provides a popular introduction to the science of cosmology. It is written by one of the world's leading physicists.
Provides a popular introduction to the science of cosmology. It is written by one of the world's leading physicists.
Guide to the theory of relativity, written by a renowned physicist. It provides a clear and concise explanation of the basic concepts of relativity, including time dilation, length contraction, and the equivalence of mass and energy.
Popular science book about the universe, written by a renowned physicist. It provides a clear and concise explanation of the basic concepts of relativity, including time dilation, length contraction, and the equivalence of mass and energy.
Popular science book about the universe, written by a renowned astronomer. It provides a clear and concise explanation of the basic concepts of relativity, including time dilation, length contraction, and the equivalence of mass and energy.
Popular science book about the universe, written by a renowned physicist. It provides a clear and concise explanation of the basic concepts of relativity, including time dilation, length contraction, and the equivalence of mass and energy.
Comprehensive treatment of general relativity, written by one of the world's leading physicists. It provides a detailed explanation of the mathematical foundations of the theory, as well as its implications for our understanding of the universe.

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