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Athanasia Lampraki and Evangelia Katsikea

This course concentrates on the design and development of different research instruments. In this vein, the focus will be placed on the development of an instrument design strategy, scales of measurement and the components of the research report. The course begins by looking at the questionnaire development process with a focus on questionnaire design, question type and wording, pretesting and revising. We will consider the identification of scales of measurement and operationalisation, and the design of an online questionnaire. We are going to discuss sources of measurement differences, and the assessment of the reliability of measurements. The issue of the validity of measurements and the various types of validity will also be explored, as well as attitude measurement. We will discuss data preparation and processing, data coding, adjustment, and data analysis using multivariate data approaches. We are also going to explore frequency distribution and measures of location, variability and shape. The course ends with a discussion on hypothesis testing and the use of statistics relevant to cross-tabulations. We will discuss parametric and non-parametric tests in hypothesis testing and group comparison as well as the different sections of the research report.

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Syllabus

Week 1
This week focuses on the questionnaire development process with a focus on questionnaire design, question type and wording, pretesting and revising. The week ends with a discussion regarding identification of scales of measurement and operationalisation and design of an online questionnaire.
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Week 2
The week commences with a discussion on sources of measurement differences, and the assessment of reliability of measurements. The issue of validity of measurements is discussed and the various types of validity are discussed. The week ends with a discussion of attitude measurement.
Week 3
The week commences with a discussion on data preparation and processing. We are going to discuss data coding, adjustment, and data analysis using multivariate data approaches. The week ends with an exploration of frequency distribution and measures of location, variability and shape.
Week 4
The week commences with a discussion on hypothesis testing and the use of statistics relevant to cross tabulations. We will discuss parametric and non-parametric tests in hypothesis testing and group comparison. The week ends with an exploration of the different sections of the research report.

Good to know

Know what's good
, what to watch for
, and possible dealbreakers
Develops questionnaire strategies and design that are core skills for researchers in various fields
Explores research instrument development, which is standard in social science research
Teaches skills in assessing measurement reliability and validity, which are essential for designing effective research instruments
Covers data analysis using multivariate approaches, which is useful for handling complex datasets
Provides guidance on hypothesis testing and statistical analysis, which are fundamental skills for researchers
Requires students to have a background in statistics and research methods

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Activities

Be better prepared before your course. Deepen your understanding during and after it. Supplement your coursework and achieve mastery of the topics covered in Research Instruments and Research Hypotheses with these activities:
Compile your notes and readings
Compiling your notes and readings will help you organize and synthesize the information presented in the course
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  • Gather your notes and readings
  • Organize your materials by topic
  • Summarize the key points of each topic
Review statistical concepts
Reviewing statistical concepts will help you remember the basic principles and techniques used in research design
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  • Read through your notes or textbook
  • Solve practice problems
  • Create a summary of key terms and equations
Collaboration on questionnaire development
Collaborating on questionnaire development will provide you with valuable feedback and improve the quality of your instrument
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  • Share a draft of your questionnaire with group members
  • Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the questionnaire
  • Make revisions based on feedback
Five other activities
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Show all eight activities
Validity assessment techniques (online tutorials)
Following guided tutorials on validity assessment techniques will help you understand and apply different methods for evaluating the validity of your data
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  • Find online tutorials on validity assessment techniques
  • Watch the tutorials and take notes
  • Apply the techniques to your own data
Designing an online questionnaire
Designing an online questionnaire will allow you to collect data from a wider range of participants
Browse courses on Questionnaire Design
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  • Choose an online survey platform
  • Design the layout of your questionnaire
  • Write clear and concise questions
  • Test your questionnaire
Reliability analysis exercises
Practicing reliability analysis exercises will improve your understanding of reliability concepts and techniques
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  • Find practice problems or datasets online
  • Calculate reliability coefficients using different methods
  • Interpret the results and evaluate the reliability of your data
Hypothesis testing exercises
Practicing hypothesis testing exercises will improve your understanding of hypothesis testing procedures and statistical significance
Browse courses on Hypothesis Testing
Show steps
  • Find practice problems or datasets online
  • State the null and alternative hypotheses
  • Select the appropriate statistical test
  • Perform the statistical test and interpret the results
Mentor a classmate on research instrument design
Mentoring a classmate will provide you with an opportunity to reinforce your understanding of research instrument design and assist others in their learning process
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  • Offer your assistance to a classmate who is struggling with research instrument design
  • Meet with your classmate regularly to provide guidance and support
  • Share your knowledge and experience in research instrument design

Career center

Learners who complete Research Instruments and Research Hypotheses will develop knowledge and skills that may be useful to these careers:
Business Analyst
Business analysts need to be able to understand and analyze business processes. This course can help business analysts develop the skills they need to be successful in their careers. The course covers a wide range of topics, including questionnaire development, measurement scales, data analysis, and hypothesis testing. This knowledge can help business analysts design and conduct more effective business analysis studies, and to produce more accurate and reliable results.
Statistician
Statisticians need to be able to design and analyze experiments, and to interpret the results. This course can help statisticians develop the skills they need to be successful in their careers. The course covers a wide range of topics, including questionnaire development, measurement scales, data analysis, and hypothesis testing. This knowledge can help statisticians design and conduct more effective experiments, and to produce more accurate and reliable results.
Data Analyst
Data analysts need to be able to use a variety of research instruments and hypotheses to gather and analyze data. This course can help data analysts develop the skills they need to design and implement effective research studies. The course covers a wide range of topics, including questionnaire development, measurement scales, data analysis, and hypothesis testing. This knowledge can help data analysts make more informed decisions about the data they collect and the conclusions they draw.
Psychologist
Psychologists need to be able to understand and analyze human behavior. This course can help psychologists develop the skills they need to be successful in their careers. The course covers a wide range of topics, including questionnaire development, measurement scales, data analysis, and hypothesis testing. This knowledge can help psychologists design and conduct more effective psychological studies, and to produce more accurate and reliable results.
Epidemiologist
Epidemiologists need to be able to investigate the causes of disease and to develop strategies to prevent and control disease outbreaks. This course can help epidemiologists develop the skills they need to be successful in their careers. The course covers a wide range of topics, including questionnaire development, measurement scales, data analysis, and hypothesis testing. This knowledge can help epidemiologists design and conduct more effective epidemiological studies, and to produce more accurate and reliable results.
Economist
Economists need to be able to understand and analyze economic data. This course can help economists develop the skills they need to be successful in their careers. The course covers a wide range of topics, including questionnaire development, measurement scales, data analysis, and hypothesis testing. This knowledge can help economists design and conduct more effective economic studies, and to produce more accurate and reliable results.
Market Researcher
Market researchers need to be able to understand and analyze consumer behavior. This course can help market researchers develop the skills they need to be successful in their careers. The course covers a wide range of topics, including questionnaire development, measurement scales, data analysis, and hypothesis testing. This knowledge can help market researchers design and conduct more effective market research studies, and to produce more accurate and reliable results.
Historian
Historians need to be able to understand and analyze historical events. This course can help historians develop the skills they need to be successful in their careers. The course covers a wide range of topics, including questionnaire development, measurement scales, data analysis, and hypothesis testing. This knowledge can help historians design and conduct more effective historical studies, and to produce more accurate and reliable results.
Sociologist
Sociologists need to be able to understand and analyze social behavior. This course can help sociologists develop the skills they need to be successful in their careers. The course covers a wide range of topics, including questionnaire development, measurement scales, data analysis, and hypothesis testing. This knowledge can help sociologists design and conduct more effective sociological studies, and to produce more accurate and reliable results.
Political Scientist
Political scientists need to be able to understand and analyze political behavior. This course can help political scientists develop the skills they need to be successful in their careers. The course covers a wide range of topics, including questionnaire development, measurement scales, data analysis, and hypothesis testing. This knowledge can help political scientists design and conduct more effective political science studies, and to produce more accurate and reliable results.
Anthropologist
Anthropologists need to be able to understand and analyze human behavior. This course can help anthropologists develop the skills they need to be successful in their careers. The course covers a wide range of topics, including questionnaire development, measurement scales, data analysis, and hypothesis testing. This knowledge can help anthropologists design and conduct more effective anthropological studies, and to produce more accurate and reliable results.
Research Analyst
Research analysts need to be able to design and conduct research studies, and to analyze and interpret data. This course can help research analysts develop the skills they need to be successful in their careers. The course covers a wide range of topics, including questionnaire development, measurement scales, data analysis, and hypothesis testing. This knowledge can help research analysts design and conduct more effective research studies, and to produce more accurate and reliable results.
Social Scientist
Social scientists need to be able to understand and analyze social behavior. This course can help social scientists develop the skills they need to be successful in their careers. The course covers a wide range of topics, including questionnaire development, measurement scales, data analysis, and hypothesis testing. This knowledge can help social scientists design and conduct more effective social science studies, and to produce more accurate and reliable results.
Survey Researcher
Survey researchers need to be able to design and conduct surveys, and to analyze and interpret the results. This course can help survey researchers develop the skills they need to be successful in their careers. The course covers a wide range of topics, including questionnaire development, measurement scales, data analysis, and hypothesis testing. This knowledge can help survey researchers design and conduct more effective surveys, and to produce more accurate and reliable results.
Criminologist
Criminologists need to be able to understand and analyze criminal behavior. This course can help criminologists develop the skills they need to be successful in their careers. The course covers a wide range of topics, including questionnaire development, measurement scales, data analysis, and hypothesis testing. This knowledge can help criminologists design and conduct more effective criminological studies, and to produce more accurate and reliable results.

Reading list

We've selected seven books that we think will supplement your learning. Use these to develop background knowledge, enrich your coursework, and gain a deeper understanding of the topics covered in Research Instruments and Research Hypotheses.
Covers the fundamentals of measurement and scaling in research, including the different types of measurement scales and how to choose the appropriate scale for your research question.
Provides a comprehensive guide to designing, developing, and evaluating questionnaires for various research purposes.
Provides an introduction to statistical classification, including the different types of classification methods and how to choose the appropriate method for your research question.
Provides a critical overview of the principles and practices of social research, offering insights into the philosophical underpinnings and ethical considerations of research.
Provides a comprehensive overview of measurement and data analysis for the social sciences, including questionnaire development, measurement, and data analysis.

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