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Mariana Fonseca Favre, Laurent Gajo, and Isabelle Racine

Comment définir une langue ?

Y a-t-il, dans le monde, davantage de plurilingues que de monolingues ?

Certaines variétés de langue sont-elles plus légitimes que d’autres ?

Un-e apprenant-e du français peut-il/elle être considéré-e comme un-e francophone ?

Ces questions, qui présentent une forte pertinence sociale, politique et didactique, vous interpellent ? Nous avons créé ce MOOC, qui réunit des expert-es en linguistique et en didactique, afin de vous permettre de répondre à ces questions.

Read more

Comment définir une langue ?

Y a-t-il, dans le monde, davantage de plurilingues que de monolingues ?

Certaines variétés de langue sont-elles plus légitimes que d’autres ?

Un-e apprenant-e du français peut-il/elle être considéré-e comme un-e francophone ?

Ces questions, qui présentent une forte pertinence sociale, politique et didactique, vous interpellent ? Nous avons créé ce MOOC, qui réunit des expert-es en linguistique et en didactique, afin de vous permettre de répondre à ces questions.

Dans ce cours gratuit en ligne, la diversité sera envisagée, en miroir, dans une perspective intralinguistique – variation autour d’une même langue, le français – et interlinguistique – plurilinguisme. Dans chacune de ces perspectives, il s’agira de réinterroger la notion de langue, son rôle dans l’organisation sociale et les modalités de son enseignement en mettant au centre la diversité, l’hétérogénéité et la variété des usages et des communautés. Pour cela, nous nous appuierons sur des données collectées dans le cadre de différents projets de recherche.

Que vous soyez concerné-es ou intéressé-es par des domaines où la langue représente un enjeu majeur, par exemple l’enseignement, la traduction-interprétation, la communication, les ressources humaines, vous trouverez dans ce MOOC des ressources vous permettant d’approfondir vos connaissances et diversifier vos pratiques.

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What's inside

Syllabus

Comment définir, observer et décrire le plurilinguisme?
Dans ce module, après avoir pris conscience de vos propres représentations du plurilinguisme, vous en parcourrez différentes définitions en les plaçant dans leur contexte historique et théorique de référence. Vous comprendrez le caractère évolutif et variable de la compétence plurilingue et vous apprendrez à identifier les traces spécifiques des discours plurilingues. Enfin, vous serez amené à questionner la notion même de "langue", en lien avec la notion très récente de "translanguaging".
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Comment définir, observer et décrire la variation linguistique?
Dans ce module, nous tenterons de définir la variation et ses différentes manifestations, en les plaçant au regard de la notion de normes. Vous découvrirez ensuite les différents courants méthodologiques permettant d'étudier la variation. Enfin, nous proposerons une illustration à travers deux projets de recherche.
Représentations sociales et normes autour du plurilinguisme
Dans ce module, vous serez sensibilisé à la place des représentations et des stéréotypes autour du plurilinguisme, que ce soit dans la terminologie usuelle ou dans le paysage linguistique. Vous découvrirez plusieurs modèles de gestion du multilinguisme à l’échelle d’un territoire ou d’une nation. Vous comprendrez que certains multilinguismes ou plurilinguismes, comme ceux impliquant des langues minoritaires ou régionales, sont moins visibles. Vous serez, enfin, amené à vous interroger sur le rôle du plurilinguisme dans la science et, en particulier, dans les MOOC.
Représentations sociales et normes autour de la variation linguistique
Dans ce module, nous discuterons de la place des représentations et des stéréotypes autour de la variation en français, que ce soit dans le fonctionnement social, politique ou institutionnel. Vous comparerez, en outre, les représentations et attitudes dans divers espaces francophones à travers des illustrations de situations concrètes.
La place du plurilinguisme dans l'enseignement
Dans ce module, nous nous intéresserons à la notion de "didactique du plurilinguisme" ainsi qu'à ses principales approches. Une attention particulière sera accordée à l'intercompréhension et à l'enseignement bilingue. Vous découvrirez différentes ressources didactiques en lien avec les approches présentées ainsi que des outils de référence pour le travail bi-plurilingue.
La place de la variation dans l’enseignement
Dans ce module, nous nous interrogerons sur le français à enseigner, sur l'importance d'exposer les apprenants à la reception d'usages variés d'une langue et de comment le faire. Sur le plan de la production, nous présenterons la récente refonte du descripteur de la compétence phonologique du CECRL, qui a conduit à une modification des objectifs en didactique de la prononciation. Vous découvrirez également, dans ce module, différentes ressources didactiques qui intègrent la variation.

Good to know

Know what's good
, what to watch for
, and possible dealbreakers
Strong representation by Mariana Fonseca Favre, Laurent Gajo, and Isabelle Racine who are recognized for their work in the field of multilingualism
Covers essential concepts in multilingualism and linguistic variation, providing a comprehensive foundation for learners
Engages learners with a mix of videos, readings, discussions, and interactive materials, enhancing the learning experience
Suitable for students and practitioners in various fields, including education, translation, communication, and human resources
Provides valuable insights for language teachers and learners interested in developing their understanding of multilingualism and linguistic variation
May require a basic understanding of linguistics and language teaching concepts for optimal engagement

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Activities

Be better prepared before your course. Deepen your understanding during and after it. Supplement your coursework and achieve mastery of the topics covered in Langues et diversité: de la variation au plurilinguisme with these activities:
Review key concepts of sociolinguistics
Reviewing these concepts will provide a strong foundation for understanding the course materials.
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  • Re-read class notes or textbooks from previous courses on sociolinguistics or related fields.
  • Explore online resources, such as articles, videos, or podcasts, to refresh your memory on key terms and theories.
Explore online tutorials on language variation
These tutorials will provide additional support and insights on various aspects of language variation.
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  • Search for online tutorials on language variation using platforms like Coursera, edX, or YouTube.
  • Choose tutorials that cover topics relevant to the course.
  • Follow the tutorials and complete any exercises or assignments.
Analyze short texts for linguistic variation
Practicing text analysis will help you develop the skills necessary to identify and describe linguistic variation.
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  • Collect short texts from different sources, such as newspapers, websites, or social media.
  • Identify and analyze linguistic variation in the texts, such as differences in grammar, vocabulary, or pronunciation.
  • Compare and contrast the linguistic variation in the different texts.
Five other activities
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Discuss case studies on multilingualism
Engaging in peer discussions will allow you to exchange ideas and perspectives on the complexities of multilingualism.
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  • Form groups of 3-4 students.
  • Select case studies on multilingualism that represent different contexts and perspectives.
  • Analyze the case studies and prepare questions for discussion.
  • Meet with your group to discuss the case studies and share your insights.
Collect and organize resources on multilingualism
Creating a resource compilation will help you synthesize your knowledge and identify valuable materials for future reference.
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  • Search and collect articles, videos, websites, and other resources on multilingualism.
  • Organize the resources into categories, such as research, teaching practices, or language policy.
  • Create a bibliography or annotated list of the resources.
Seek guidance from experts in sociolinguistics
Connecting with experts in the field will provide you with valuable insights and support throughout your learning journey.
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  • Identify sociolinguists or researchers whose work aligns with your interests.
  • Reach out to them via email or social media to request guidance.
  • Arrange regular meetings or consultations to discuss your progress and receive feedback.
Develop a teaching plan for a multilingual classroom
Creating a teaching plan will allow you to apply your knowledge of multilingualism to a practical scenario.
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  • Research best practices for teaching in multilingual classrooms.
  • Identify the specific needs of your target multilingual learners.
  • Develop lesson plans that incorporate strategies for supporting multilingual learners.
Conduct a small-scale research project on a sociolinguistic topic
Conducting a research project will allow you to apply your knowledge of sociolinguistics and gain hands-on experience in research methodology.
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  • Identify a specific sociolinguistic topic of interest.
  • Develop a research question and hypothesis.
  • Collect and analyze data using appropriate methods.
  • Interpret your findings and draw conclusions.

Career center

Learners who complete Langues et diversité: de la variation au plurilinguisme will develop knowledge and skills that may be useful to these careers:
Foreign Language Teacher
A Foreign Language Teacher instructs students in a foreign language. Responsibilities include developing and implementing lesson plans, assessing student progress, and creating a positive learning environment. This course will be particularly helpful for someone who wants to teach French as it provides insights into the nature of language variation within French and the challenges of teaching language in a multilingual classroom.
Multilingual Customer Service Representative
A Multilingual Customer Service Representative provides customer service in multiple languages. They answer questions, resolve complaints, and provide information to customers. This course can help you succeed in this role by providing you with a strong understanding of the different ways that language can be used to communicate. You will learn about the challenges of communicating across cultures and how to provide effective customer service in a multilingual environment.
Interpreter
An Interpreter facilitates communication between people who speak different languages. They interpret spoken or written text from one language into another, ensuring that the meaning is accurately conveyed. A course in language diversity and variation can give you a solid foundation for a career as an interpreter. You will gain insights into the nature of language, the challenges of interpreting between different languages, and the ethical considerations that interpreters must take into account.
Translator
A Translator translates written text from one language into another. They ensure that the meaning of the original text is accurately conveyed in the translation. This course can help you succeed in this role by providing you with a strong understanding of the different ways that language can be used. You will learn about the challenges of translating between different languages and how to produce accurate and effective translations.
Anthropologist
An Anthropologist studies the behavior, origin, and development of humans. They examine the cultures, languages, archaeological remains, and physical characteristics of people in various parts of the world. One who finds this field alluring generally has an interest in the diversity of human cultures and languages, which makes the course 'Langues et diversité: de la variation au plurilinguisme' relevant to the role. This course provides insight into the nature of language, variation within a language, and the phenomenon of multilingualism, giving you a solid foundation for understanding the diversity of human linguistic expression.
Language Arts Teacher
A Language Arts Teacher instructs students in reading, writing, speaking, and listening skills. Responsibilities include developing and implementing lesson plans, assessing student progress, and creating a positive learning environment. This course would be helpful for this role as it provides a solid foundation in the study of language and its diversity. You will gain insights into the nature of language, the relationship between language and culture, and the challenges of teaching language in a multilingual classroom.
College Professor
A College Professor instructs college students in a specific field of knowledge. Responsibilities include preparing and delivering lectures, grading assignments, and conducting research. If your interests lie in teaching in the field of linguistics, this course will help you build a foundation in the study of language diversity and variation. You will gain insights into the nature of language, the relationship between language and culture, and the challenges of teaching language in a multilingual classroom.
Computational Linguist
A Computational Linguist applies computer science techniques to the study of natural language. They develop algorithms and software to process, analyze, and generate human language data. This course can be useful to understand the computational aspects of language variation and multilingualism. You will learn about different approaches to representing and modeling language, and how these approaches can be used to develop language technologies such as machine translation and natural language processing.
Speech-Language Pathologist
A Speech-Language Pathologist assesses and treats speech and language disorders. They work with individuals of all ages to improve their communication skills. A course on language diversity and variation will deepen your understanding of the nature of language and the challenges that individuals with speech and language disorders face.
Lexicographer
A Lexicographer researches and compiles dictionaries. They define words, write example sentences, and provide pronunciations. This course may be helpful in understanding the nature of language variation and multilingualism, which can provide insights into the challenges of dictionary compilation.
Editor
An Editor reviews, edits, and revises written material for publication. They work with authors to improve the clarity, accuracy, and organization of their writing. A course on language diversity and variation can help you succeed in this role by providing you with a strong understanding of the different ways that language can be used. This knowledge will enable you to identify and correct errors in grammar, usage, and style, and to ensure that your writing is clear and effective.
Policy Analyst
A Policy Analyst researches and analyzes public policy issues. They write reports, briefings, and other documents to inform policymakers. A course on language diversity and variation will provide you with a deeper understanding of the challenges of developing and implementing public policy in a multilingual society.
Librarian
A Librarian helps library patrons find and access information. They may also provide instruction on how to use library resources. A course in language diversity and variation can provide you with a deeper understanding of the challenges that multilingual patrons face when accessing library resources.
Technical Writer
A Technical Writer creates instruction manuals, technical reports, and other documents that explain complex technical information. This course may provide you with helpful insights into the challenges of writing technical documents for a multilingual audience.
Market Researcher
A Market Researcher conducts research to understand consumer needs and preferences. They design and implement surveys, analyze data, and write reports. A course on language diversity and variation will provide you with a foundation for understanding the challenges of conducting market research in a multilingual environment.

Reading list

We've selected ten books that we think will supplement your learning. Use these to develop background knowledge, enrich your coursework, and gain a deeper understanding of the topics covered in Langues et diversité: de la variation au plurilinguisme.
This handbook offers in-depth coverage of language variation and change, with contributions from leading scholars in the field. It is an essential resource for researchers interested in language variation.
This encyclopedia provides a comprehensive overview of applied linguistics, covering topics such as language teaching and learning, language assessment, and language policy. It valuable resource for researchers and students interested in the study of applied linguistics.
This handbook provides a comprehensive overview of sociolinguistics, including the study of language variation and multilingualism. It valuable reference for advanced students and researchers.
This encyclopedia provides a comprehensive overview of linguistics, covering topics such as phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics. It valuable resource for researchers and students interested in the study of linguistics.
Provides a comprehensive overview of multilingualism, its definitions, and its implications for language learning and teaching. It valuable resource for anyone interested in the study of multilingualism.
This handbook provides a comprehensive overview of variation in English, covering topics such as phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics. It valuable resource for researchers and students interested in the study of English language variation.
Ce livre présente les approches didactiques du plurilinguisme et leur mise en œuvre dans l'enseignement des langues. Il est indispensable pour les enseignants souhaitant intégrer le plurilinguisme dans leurs pratiques.
This handbook offers a comprehensive overview of plurilingualism, its theoretical foundations, and its implications for language policy and education. It valuable resource for researchers and policymakers working in the field of plurilingualism.
This handbook provides a comprehensive overview of the relationship between language and society, covering topics such as language and social identity, language and power, and language and ideology. It valuable resource for researchers and students interested in the study of language and society.
Ce livre fournit des connaissances de base sur la diversité des langues dans le monde. Il est utile pour comprendre les concepts de langue, de dialecte et de variété de langue.

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