Toma de Decisiones from Coursera

La toma de decisiones es una actividad cotidiana para los seres humanos en todos los ámbitos en los que se desempeña. En el ámbito organizacional, es común escuchar que existen severas falencias en este aspecto: decisiones que se toman fuera de tiempo, decisiones que directamente no se toman y decisiones que son tomadas por personas que carecen de las competencias necesarias.

Hay una diferencia básica entre la visión de la realidad idealizada, absolutamente racional y sin problemas, y la realidad imperfecta y afectada por cuestiones emocionales en el proceso de toma de decisiones. La realidad tiene más que ver con “salir del paso” o “buscar una solución lo suficientemente satisfactoria” que con encontrar la “solución perfecta”.

En consecuencia, las personas no buscan en realidad decisiones perfectas u óptimas, sino que trabajan con una ignorancia parcial; tratan de encontrar una alternativa que tenga probabilidades de dar buenos resultados, considerando las limitaciones de la racionalidad y la incertidumbre. A lo largo del curso se realizará un recorrido siguiendo el marco conceptual que se describe a continuación: en el primer módulo se analizarán los aspectos racionales del proceso de toma de decisiones, considerando las limitaciones que enfrentan los tomadores de decisiones en el ámbito organizacional. Posteriormente, se analizará la influencia de las cuestiones emocionales. En el segundo módulo se desarrollarán cuestiones de tipo metodológico, comparando la metodología clásica con otra metodología que pone el acento en la creatividad.

En el tercer módulo se analizarán, por un lado, las fallas que habitualmente ocurren en el proceso de percibir, buscar, compartir y usar la información y, por el otro, las trampas psicológicas que conspiran contra la calidad de las decisiones.

Finalmente, en el cuarto módulo se desarrollarán los fundamentos de la Teoría de los Juegos y las particularidades de la toma de decisiones en el contexto de los equipos de trabajo.

Además de los desarrollos teórico-prácticos, se incluyen otras actividades adicionales, como ejercicios útiles para aplicar algunos conceptos.

What's inside

Syllabus

Aspectos racionales y emocionales

En este módulo se trata de analizar y comprender los aspectos racionales del proceso de toma de decisiones, considerando las limitaciones de la racionalidad y las consideraciones particulares de la toma de decisiones en el ámbito organizacional. Se hace particular hincapié en el proceso de coordinación y en los mecanismos de los que dispone la organización para coordinar la toma de decisiones. Posteriormente, se abordará la cuestión de la influencia de las emociones, tratando de mostrar cómo funcionan las distintas partes de nuestro cerebro durante el proceso, así como el efecto de algunas emociones y estados de ánimo en la calidad de las decisiones.

Metodologías

En este módulo se desarrollan dos metodologías diferentes con el objetivo de reducir la incertidumbre agregada que se genera por no tener las ideas ordenadas en el momento de tomar la decisión. La primera de ellas es una Metodología Clásica, desarrollada por Peter Drucker. La toma de decisiones tiene cinco fases distintas: la definición del problema, el análisis del problema, la búsqueda y evaluación de soluciones alternativas, la decisión respecto a cuál es la mejor solución, y la conversión de la decisión en acción efectiva. Cada fase encierra varios pasos.La segunda es una metodología totalmente diferente que tiene un mayor componente de creatividad. Se denomina Esquema de Ideas y fue desarrollada por Charles Thompson. Luego de la articulación del problema, se realiza un esquema que utiliza palabras y asociaciones de ideas.

Limitaciones de la percepción y trampas psicológicas

Cuando se toma una decisión, se pueden cometer errores de procedimiento, como por ejemplo ignorar la incertidumbre, o tratar de resolver el problema equivocado o valorar mal los riesgos. Pero además de estos errores de procedimiento, hay una categoría distinta de errores que pueden afectar la calidad de las decisiones: son las trampas psicológicas. En este módulo se desarrollan las más habituales, además de analizar las fallas más comunes en el proceso de buscar, compartir, usar y percibir la información.

Teoría de los juegos y decisiones en equipo

En el último módulo se desarrollan los fundamentos de la teoría de los juegos cooperativos y no cooperativos, a través del análisis del comportamiento estratégico de los decisores. En el mundo real, tanto en las relaciones económicas como en las políticas o sociales, son muy frecuentes las situaciones en las que, como en los juegos, su resultado depende de la conjunción de decisiones de diferentes agentes o jugadores. Se dice de un comportamiento que es estratégico cuando se adopta teniendo en cuenta la influencia conjunta sobre los resultados de las decisiones propias y ajenas. En la segunda lección del módulo se aborda el tema de las decisiones tomadas en el contexto de un equipo de trabajo. Se analizará cómo funcionan los mecanismos de influencia y cuáles son los comportamientos típicos de las personas durante este proceso.

Good to know

Know what's good

, what to watch for

, and possible dealbreakers

Desarrolla habilidades y conocimientos necesarios para la toma de decisiones en el ámbito organizacional

Explora los aspectos racionales y emocionales de la toma de decisiones, brindando una comprensión integral

Examina las metodologías clásicas y creativas para la toma de decisiones, ampliando las perspectivas de los estudiantes

Investiga las limitaciones de la percepción y las trampas psicológicas que pueden afectar la toma de decisiones

Analiza la teoría de juegos y las decisiones en equipo, proporcionando herramientas para situaciones estratégicas

Activities

Be better prepared before your course. Deepen your understanding during and after it. Supplement your coursework and achieve mastery of the topics covered in Toma de Decisiones with these activities:

Review 'Thinking, Fast and Slow' by Daniel Kahneman

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Explore the cognitive biases and heuristics that influence decision-making, as discussed in this classic work.

View Ruido: Un fallo en el juicio humano / Noise: A... on Amazon

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Read the book and take notes on the key concepts and insights.
Identify examples from your own experience or observations that illustrate the concepts discussed in the book.

Compile a toolkit of decision-making resources

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Gather a collection of valuable tools, templates, and resources to support your decision-making.

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Search for and identify relevant resources such as decision-making templates, frameworks, and online tools.
Organize the resources into a central location or document for easy access.
Share your toolkit with others who may benefit from it.

Discuss with peers about case studies using the course concepts

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Engage in peer discussions to deepen your understanding of the course concepts.

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Find a group of peers or classmates who are also taking this course.
Select a case study or scenario related to organizational decision making.
Analyze the case study using the concepts and frameworks discussed in the course.
Discuss your findings and insights with your peers.

Three other activities

Expand to see all activities and additional details

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Attend industry events or conferences on decision making

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Connect with professionals in the field and learn about the latest trends and best practices in decision making.

Browse courses on Decision Making

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Find and register for industry events or conferences related to decision making.
Attend sessions and workshops on decision-making topics.
Network with other attendees and exchange ideas.

Volunteer with an organization focused on decision making or problem solving

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Gain practical experience and contribute to a cause while applying course concepts.

Browse courses on Decision Making

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Find a volunteer opportunity at a non-profit, community group, or organization that aligns with your interests.
Participate in decision-making processes, problem-solving activities, or other relevant tasks.
Reflect on your experiences and how they relate to the concepts learned in the course.

Develop a decision-making framework for your organization

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Apply your knowledge to create a practical tool that can improve decision making in your organization.

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Identify the specific challenges or areas where decision making needs to be improved.
Research and select appropriate decision-making models and frameworks.
Adapt and customize these frameworks to fit the context of your organization.
Create a clear and concise decision-making process document or presentation.

Career center

Learners who complete Toma de Decisiones will develop knowledge and skills that may be useful to these careers:

Investment Banker

A potential Investment Banker who takes this course may learn key strategies for decision making. The course may be useful for developing a strong foundation in decision-making strategies, and for improving your decision-making process in general.

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Management Consultant

As a Management Consultant, you will likely work on helping organizations improve decision-making, so taking this course could be a valuable addition to your skillset. The course discusses different approaches to decision making, as well as the influence of emotions. This foundational knowledge may be useful for aspiring Management Consultants.

See salaries and explore the career path for Management Consultant

Advertising Manager

Advertising Managers often have to make quick, calculated decisions on media campaigns, content, and promotion, and this course can help prepare you for this line of work. The course discusses how emotions play a role in decision making, as well as limitations in perception. This can help a prospective Advertising Manager create decisions that resonate with an audience.

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Portfolio Manager

A Portfolio Manager makes decisions about how to invest client portfolios, and taking this course can give you a foundational understanding of the work entailed. The course discusses different types of decisions and rationales, as well as limitations in information and perception. These are all important principles for Portfolio Managers to understand.

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Statistician

As a Statistician, you make informed decisions by analyzing data, and taking this course may help you prepare for this type of role. The course discusses how to gather, interpret, and use data in the decision-making process. This knowledge may be useful for prospective Statisticians.

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Risk Manager

Risk Managers work with organizations to plan for and mitigate risks, so taking this course could be a way to gain knowledge and skills relevant to this role. The course discusses different approaches to decision making, as well as potential pitfalls in the process. Risk Managers may benefit from this foundational knowledge.

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Clinical Psychologist

As a Clinical Psychologist, you will have to make decisions on the treatment of clients, and this course can help prepare you for this role. It discusses different types of decisions, as well as limitations in perception and potential psychological pitfalls. This can be useful for prospective Clinical Psychologists.

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Chief Executive Officer

As a Chief Executive Officer, you will be routinely called on to make decisions on behalf of the organization that could have far-reaching consequences, and taking this course could help you prepare for this role. The course can help individuals to better rationalize the decision making process, which could help improve results.

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Data Analyst

A Data Analyst analyzes data and uses it to help make organizational decisions, so taking this course can offer a foundational understanding of the work involved. The course discusses the use of information in decision making, and may help build a foundation for prospective Data Analysts.

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Systems Analyst

As a Systems Analyst, you will likely be involved in making decisions on the design and implementation of information systems, and taking this course can offer foundational knowledge for the role. The course discusses different approaches to decision making, as well as limitations in information and perception. This understanding can be useful for Systems Analysts.

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Chief Financial Officer

A Chief Financial Officer often has to make decisions on the management of company finances, and this course could help prepare you for this type of role. It discusses how to make quick, calculated decisions in an organizational setting, and may help develop your decision-making skills.

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Operations Research Analyst

An Operations Research Analyst develops mathematical models for a variety of organizational processes, and this course may help prepare you for this type of work. The course discusses different approaches to decision making, as well as potential pitfalls in the process. Understanding these can be useful for prospective Operations Research Analysts.

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Actuary

Actuaries decide on financial planning for the long-term, so taking this course could help you prepare for this type of work. The course discusses different types of decisions and rationales, as well as pitfalls in decision-making. This can be useful for prospective Actuaries.

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Product Manager

Product Managers are responsible for decisions about the development and management of products, and taking this course can offer a useful foundation for the work. The course discusses different approaches to decision making, as well as potential pitfalls in the process. Understanding these can be useful for prospective Product Managers.

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Management Analyst

A Management Analyst is an individual who attempts to help a business improve its organizational efficiency, and a background in decision making could help prepare you for this role. The course teaches about different types of decisions, and may help develop the skills needed to improve everyday organizational processes.

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